Ukuphuhliswa kwezingane zakuqala kuphethwe yintlobo ehlukahlukeneyo yezinto eziphilayo kunye nezosingqongileyo. Ezi zinto zichaphazela umntwana ngeendlela ezilungileyo ezinokuphucula ukuphuhlisa kwazo kunye nezindlela ezingalunganga ezingakwazi ukuphazamisa iziphumo zophuhliso.
Ngexesha lokubeleka, kukho ezininzi izinto eziphilayo ezinokuchaphazela ukuphuhliswa komntwana.
Uphando oluqhutywe kwiYunivesithi yaseRuthgers lubonise indlela izinto zokubeletha ezichaphazela ukuphuhliswa kweelwimi kunye nendlela eziza emva kokuzalwa zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekuncediseni ukukhula kwengqondo kwengane. Ukuphuhliswa kweemoto ezininzi kubonwa nje ngokuba yimbangela yezinto ezingenasisiseko, eziphilayo, kunye nezinto eziza emva kokuzalwa ezenza uncinci. Makhe sigxininise kwizinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ukuphuhlisa abantwana: ukutya kunye nesini.
Ukutya
Isondlo esifanelekileyo siba yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni komntwana. Ngaphambi kokuzalwa, ukutya komama kunye nempilo yonke ibamba indima ekuphuhlisweni komntwana. I-folic acid yokudla i -micrograms ezingama-400 (mcg) imihla ngemihla kwiinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokukhulelwe kwaye ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwangaphambili kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko weziphene ezithile zokuzalwa kwengqondo yengqondo (unencephaly) kunye nomgudu (spina bifida).
Ezi ziphoso zokuzalwa zivela kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala zokukhulelwa, yingakho kubalulekile kubafazi kwiminyaka yabo yokubeletha ukuqinisekisa ukuba bafumana ubuncinci ama-micrograms angama-400 e-folic acid imihla yonke-elinde ukuba ibhinqa lifumene ukuba ukhulelwe linakho kwexesha.
Ngesini
Uninzi lwabantu lunamaqela angama-23 e-chromosomes kwiiseli zawo (ngaphandle kweeseli ezizalisayo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-gametes). Iimbini ze-22 zokuqala zibizwa ngokuba yi-autosomes, ezifana nabafana kunye namantombazana. Ngoko ke, amadoda nabesifazana banokwabelana ngokubanzi kweesethi zegesi. Nangona kunjalo, iindidi ezingama-23 zama-chromosomes yintoni eyenza ubulili bomntu.
Abafana banalo i-X ye-chromosome kunye ne-Y ye-chromosome ngelixa amantombazana anama-chromosomes amabili. Ngenxa yoko, ukungafani kobulili kwizinga lezinto eziphilayo kubonakala kwi-Y chromosome.
Ubulili budlala umbandela wokuhluma kwengqondo kuba bafana bavama ukuphuhlisa nokufunda ngokuhlukileyo kunamantombazana. Uphando lubonisa ukuba amakhwenkwe anamazinga aphantsi okulungela isikolo kunamantombazana. Ezinye izinto ezibandakanyekayo ziquka ukujonga ukutshatyalaliswa kwesini kunye nendlela abantu abajonga ngayo amadoda nabesifazane abavela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nemvelaphi.
Umzimba womzimba unomzimba ohlukeneyo wokuzala kwaye uyahlukana ngokubanzi njengama-hormone ekhethekileyo eentlobano ezidlala indima ekuchaseni ngokwesini. Abafana bavelisa ama-androgens amaninzi (ama-hormone wesini), ngelixa iifama zivelisa i-estrogens (i-hormone yesini).
Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zafunda isiphumo esininzi ngokwe-hormone zesondo kwiindlela zokuziphatha komntwana. Bafumene ukuba abafana abanamazinga aphezulu kunye nee-androgen badlala kwaye baziphatha ngendlela efanayo neentanga zabo zontanga ngezinga eliqhelekileyo le-androgen. Nangona kunjalo, amantombazana anamazinga aphezulu e-androjeni abonisa ngokugqithiseleyo ukuziphatha okufana nesini kunye neentombazana ezinezinga eliqhelekileyo le-androgen.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Iminyaka emithathu yokuqala yokuphila komntwana lixesha lokukhula okukhulu kunye nophuhliso.
Inzululwazi ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala inempembelelo enkulu kwinkqubela yomntwana kunye nempumelelo kamva kwimpilo. Ibonakala ngokuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, ngokukodwa kwengqondo apho ukudibanisa phakathi kweeseli zengqondo (neurons) zenziwa kwaye zinika iibhloko zokwakha eziyimfuneko zokukhula kunye nokuphuhliswa kwexesha elizayo.
Ukuze abantwana abakhubazekileyo bakwazi ukukwazi ukufunda ngokufanelekileyo, babe ngabacebisi, kunye neengqondo ezizimeleyo, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqwalasela ekuphuhlisweni kwasekuqaleni kwabantwana.
> Imithombo:
> I-Folic Acid iyakusiza ukukhusela ezinye izilingo zokuzalwa. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. https://www.cdc.gov/features/FolicAcidBenefits/index.html.
> Irwin LG, Siddiqi A, Hertzman C. Uphuhliso lwabantwana bokuqala: I-Equalizer enamandla. Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi.