Abazali abaninzi bayakuxabisa ithuba lokufumana ukugubha kwiintsana zabo ngokusebenzisa i- ultrasounds ngexesha lokukhulelwa komfazi. Bakuvuyela ithuba lokubona wabo omncinci ngexesha langempela, bebonisa izakhono ezintsha ezinjengokukhaba, ukugada okanye ukutshiza isithupha.
Abazali banokubonikela umntwana wabo okhulayo kwisibeleko namhlanje kunanini ngaphambili, kodwa basenokuba bazibuza ukuba ingaba umntwana usenokwenza kangakanani ngelixa esesesibelethweni.
Siyazi ukuba iintsana zinokuyilisa xa zisesezizalweni kwaye zingakwazi ukugwinya, umzekelo, kodwa kuthekani ngokukhala? Ngaba iintsana zikhala kwisibeleko? Sonke siyazi ukuba iintsana zichitha ixesha elininzi lilila ngaphandle kwesibeleko (ngokuqhelekileyo ngo-3 AM, kunjalo?), Kodwa ngaba ziqala ukuguquguqula ezo zihlunu ezililayo ekuqaleni kokuphuhliswa kwazo?
Indlela abantwana abasabela ngayo kwiBom
Abaphandi baqale bafuna ukwazi indlela abantwana abasabela ngayo kwisibeleko xa bebona ukuba ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa, iintsana zibonisa ukhetho lwelizwi lomama. Ngaba iintsana zafunda amazwi omama ngoxa zisesezizalweni? Okanye ngaba bazenzele ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba ngubani oomama ngokwemvelo?
Ngoku, siyazi ukuba iintsana ziqala ukufunda nokuphendula kwihlabathi ngelixa zisesezizalweni. Enyanisweni, uphando lubonise ukuba iintsana ziqala ukuphendula kwangaphambili kunokuba ungalindela xa zisesiswini.
Ngomnye u-2015 ukufundwa, umzekelo, wafumanisa ukuba umntwana owokuqala wabhalwa ukuphendula kwisandi esibelethweni sasineminyaka eli-16 ubudala, eyona nto phambi kokuba iindlebe ziphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo. Uphando lwafumanisa ukuba ukuthetha nokuchukumisa umntwana esibelethweni kuye kwachaphazela ngqo umntwana kunye nokuba umntwana uya kutsala ngaphezulu kwaye aqhubele ngaphezulu njengesiphumo.
Eyona nto, ngoku siyazi ukuba iintsana ziqala ukufunda ngehlabathi ngaphandle kwesibeleko ngelixa zisengaphakathi kwesibeleko. Bayasabela kwisithongweni sangaphandle, njengezandi, ukunyakaza komama, ukukhanya, kunye nabazalwana abakhulu bexinzezela ngesisu somama. Iintsana ezi-in-utero ziyakwazi ukuphazamiseka, zijikeleze, zivuthise, kwaye njengokuba ngamnye umfazi okhulelwe uyazi, yenza i-somersault. Kodwa kuthekani ngokukhala? Kubonakala ngathi kunzima ukuxelela ukuba umntwana uqobo uyakhala esibelethweni, ngenxa yento yonke i-amniotic fluid kunye nenyaniso yokuba umntwana esesibelethweni asinakho ukukhalaza malunga-emva koko, unento epholileyo ukusetha kuqhubeka apho.
Yintoni Eyenzekayo Xa Umntwana Ekhala?
Nangona unokuba ucinge ngokukhala njengento elula kakhulu, kunene kuninzi enokukhala. Ukuze umntwana enze ukulila, kufuneka kube nokulungelelanisa okuninzi phakathi kweenkqubo ezininzi emzimbeni, kubandakanywa imisipha yomzimba, umgaqo womoya, nokuphefumla. Into ephambili efuna ukuba yenzeke ukuba umntwana akhale ngenye indlela yokwazisa-aka. Olu pho nonongo lubonise ukuba kukho zombini iqela elingacacileyo kunye nezwi lokulila. Ngoko xa umntwana eqala ukufunda indlela yokukhala esibelethweni, abonisa ukungaxhasi kokukhala.
Kodwa oko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda malunga nosana olukhalayo kukuba ukukhala ngokwenene kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokuphuhliswa. Ingane ekwazi ukukhala ngokwenene ibonisa ukuba ingqondo yakhe kunye nenkqubo yesifo kunye nomzimba isebenza ngokufanelekileyo ukufeza ukukhala. Ngoko ukukhala okungaphezulu kunokuba uhlangabezane nelihlo-isikhalazo simele ukuba umntwana wakho:
- Ukuqaphela uhlobo oluthile lwangaphandle kwesenzo
- Ukucwangcisa ukuba isistim isinto esinokuyingozi okanye esongelayo, ngoko ke i-stimulus engalunganga
- Ukuphendula kwi-stimuli ngokusebenzisa isethi yemizila emininzi, ukusuka ekuziphatheni ngokusuka ekuzameni ukuzama ukuqonda ulwazi lweengqondo
Ukulila kuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana unako ukubonisa umnakekeli ukuba ufuna uncedo, uxinzelelo, okanye ufuna ukufuduswa kwisimo esongelayo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uyindlela yokusinda.
Ngaba Iintsana Zikhala Ngomhlaba?
Impendulo emfutshane kukuba, ewe, iintsana zikhala esibelethweni, kodwa izazinzulu aziqinisekanga ukuba yiyiphi idilesi ecacileyo kuba ngokucacileyo, ukukhala akukona okufanayo ngaphakathi kwesibeleko somntwana. Umntwana okhala ngo-utero angabonakala ehluke ngakumbi kunomntwana okhala ngaphandle kwesibeleko, umzekelo.
Olunye uphando lufanisa ukuziphatha komntwana ngaphandle kwesibeleko kunye nokuziphatha komntwana ngaphakathi kwesibeleko. Baqaphele ama-5 amazwe athi umntwana unayo: ukulala okulile, isimo esisebenzayo, uhlale uphapheme, uphapheme kwaye ukhale. Kuzo zi-5 zithi, kuphela ezine zokuqala zazicingelwa ukuba zikhona ngaphakathi kwesibeleko. Kodwa isifundo, esasibhekisele ekuphenduleni ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-fetal kunye ne-cocaine, ngokuqinisekileyo yabhalwa oko kubonakala kubonisa umntwana esibelethweni esililayo.
Abaphandi baphawule ukuba umntwana ubonise iimpawu ezihambelana nokokukhalayo kuya kubonakala ngathi kungaphandle kwesibeleko: ukukhuphaza nokuvula umlomo xa ulwimi luyehla, ngoko lubonisa ukuphefumula okuthathu. Ukuphefumula okwesithathu kunye nokugqibela kubonisa ukuma kwe-inhale kunye nokuphefumula okude kunye "nokulungiswa." Ngokwenene, yintoni ongayiyicinga ukuba umntwana wayedla ngokukhawuleza. Kulo cwaningo oluthile, abaphandi bafumana ubungqina bokuziphatha okukhalayo ubuncinane kwezinye iintsana ezili-10.
Xa isifundo sakhishwa ngo-2004, kwakungumngcipheko, kuba unikeze ubungqina bokuqala bokubakho umntwana "ekhala" esibelethweni kwaye yatshintsha indlela abaphandi bacinga ngayo ngokuziphatha komntwana, umsebenzi kunye nophuhliso. Okuthakazelisayo ngokwaneleyo, enye yezingane zabonakalisa ukuziphatha ngokukhala emva kokuba umsebenzi uqaliswe kumama. Eyona nto ibangela ingqiqo xa ucinga-umntwana usuqala ukukhwela kwindlovu!
Ekugqibeleni, ngokusekelwe kwinto efunyenwe ngayo, igama elithi "i-neonatal cry" yenziwe, ngokuba nangona ubuninzi bokucwangcisa emva komntwana okhalayo kunye nezixhobo zomzimba zomsana zifana, zifana nokuhamba komzimba, kunye ne-grimaces kunye ukuchukumisa, kunye nokukhupha iipateni ezihambelana ne-ex-utero ukukhala, akulona uhlobo olufanayo lokukhala. Umbahluko omkhulu? Umntwana akakwazi ukwenza isandi okwamanje.
Ngabe Iintsana Ziqala Ukulila?
Oogqirha bayazi ukuba iintsana zihlakulela zonke izinto ezifunekayo "i-prereqs" kufuneka zikhale ngeeveki ezingama-20 kwisibeleko. Ngokomzekelo, ngeveki ezingama-20, umntwana ulungelelanise ukunyuka kokuphefumula, unokuvula umhlathi wakhe, ukugubungela umhlathi wakhe, nokunyusa ulwimi. Ngexesha eliphakathi kwesisu, sinokugwinya. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba iintsana zihlala zizalwa ngokukhawuleza ngokunjalo, oogqirha bayazi ukuba ngeentsuku ezingama-24, iintsana zivelisa izandi ezililayo kwaye ziphendule ingxolo kwindawo yazo.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Ukukhala kuyinto ebalulekileyo yokuphuhlisa umntwana kwaye imele umzamo odibeneyo phakathi kweenkqubo ezininzi emzimbeni. Umntwana uqala ukuphuhlisa zonke iingqondo zawo, ukususela ekuthinteni, ukuvumba, ukuva, kunye nokunyanzelisa nangona ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwisibeleko kwaye unako konke ukukwazi ukulinganisa ukukhala malunga neveki ezingama-20.
Iintsana zifunda ngehlabathi ukuba ziza kuhlala ngaphandle kwesibeleko ukusuka kwihlabathi labo lokuqala ngaphakathi, kwaye inxalenye yaloo nto ibandakanya ukuphendula kwizinto ezenzeka kuzo. Umntwana akanakho ukukhala ngomqondo ofanayo ukuba uya kulila ngaphandle kwesibeleko, ingakumbi ngenxa yokuba isisu sisigcwele i-amniotic fluid, enokunciphisa iinyembezi nje kancane. Kodwa umntwana esesibelethweni ngokuqinisekileyo uyasabela kwaye aqhube umququzeleli, oquka ukuziphatha okukhala.
Imithombo:
> Gingras, J., Mitchell, E., & Grattan, K. (2005). > I-Fetal >> i-homologue > yentsana yokukhala. IiNgxelo zeZifo ebuntwaneni. I-Fetal ne-Neonatal Edition , 90 (5), F415-F418. http://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2004.062257
UMarx, V. (2015, Juni 8). Iimpendulo zendlela yokuziphatha kwabafundi beMaternal Voice and Touch. Kufunyanwa kwi-http: //journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0129118