Ubulumko obuninzi bubonisa ukuba abazali abancinci banokuba namandla amaninzi okuhlala kunye nabantwana abancinci xa abazali asebekhulile benamava kunye namava okunyamekela abantwana. Ngaba ubudala bakho njengomzali bunempembelelo kwindlela abantwana bakho abakhulayo ngayo, kwaye ingaba lixesha elihle lokuba nezingane ukuze zibe neemeko ezifanelekileyo zokuphuhlisa abantwana?
Uphando lucebisa ukuba kukho iingeniso kunye neengxaki zokuba nezingane kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zobomi bakho.
Iintshukumo zabazali ziyanda
Kuzo zonke ihlabathi elikhuphisayo, kuye kwaba nokuncipha kobukhulu beentsapho kunye nokulibaziseka kwiminyaka yokuzala. Xa ubudala bomama bokuzalwa bokuzalwa kwaba ngowama-21.4 ngo-1970, ngoku sele uye kunyuka ukuya kuma-25.
Nangona kubonakala ngathi ukulibaziseka okuncinci, ukwanda kwimiba yabazali kunokuba nemiphumo kwimpilo kunye nenhlalakahle yabazali bobabini kunye nabantwana babo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iimpembelelo ezinokubakho kokubeletha ziye zihlolwe ngabagqirha nabaphandi bezentlalo. Nangona kubonakala ngathi yinani elincinci, uphando oluthile lucebise ukuba ukulibaziseka kokuba nezingane kunokuba nefuthe ekuphuhlisweni naseziphumo zempilo.
Ngoxa i-focus is often in link between age of age and birth defects, ezinye iingcinga ezixhalabileyo zicebise ukuba ziyancipha kwiziphumo ezingenayo i-neurocognitive phakathi kwabantwana base-US abanxulumene neminyaka yobudala. Uphononongo luka-2009 lucacise ukuba ubaba osekhulile wayedibaniswe nokukhubazeka okuzifihlakeleyo kwiziphumo ze-neurocognitive ngexesha lokuzalwa kwasebusaneni.
Abaphandi baphinda bajonga idatha malunga nabantwana abangaba-56 000 abaye banikezelwa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zamakhono ezinokwenkcazo kwiinyanga ezili-8 ubudala, iminyaka engama-4 kunye neminyaka eyisi-7. Ezi mvavanyo zijonge ubuchule bokucinga kuquka ukuqiqa, ukukhumbula, ukufunda, ukuxininisa, ukuqonda, ukuthetha nokufunda. Ezinye iimvavanyo zezakhono zamagosa nazo zenziwa.
Oko abaphandi bafumene kukuba abantwana abaneentloko ezisebekhulile babenamanqaku aphantsi kuzo zonke iimvavanyo ngaphandle kwalezo zakhono zokuqhuba umbane kunye nokuba ubaba osekhulile, unamandla ngakumbi unxibelelwano phakathi kobudala bomntwana kunye namaqondo aphantsi okuvavanya ingqondo. Ngokwahlukileyo, abantwana abanomama abakhulileyo babenokuba namanqaku aphakamileyo kwiimvavanyo zokukwazi ukuqonda.
Ngexesha elide likholelwa ukuba amadoda angakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuzala abantwana ngokuguga kunye nemiphumo engokoqobo kwimpilo yabantwana babo, uphando olutshanje lubonisa ukuba oku akunakwenzeka. Olunye uphando olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi leNdalo lucacise ukuba ipesenti ethile yokwanda kwe-autism idibene nabazali abadala.
Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa ubudala bomntwana obusondeleyo bunxulumene nemiphumo yempilo kubantwana kunye nobudala bobazali bunyukile kwiminyaka emva nje, abaphandi abakholelwa ukuba luyinkxalabo enkulu yempilo yoluntu.
Kuthiwani ngempembelelo yobudala bomama kwiziphumo zempilo yabantwana? Inkxalabo ebaluleke kakhulu yezinto eziphilayo kukuba ukwanda komama wesibini kubandakanya ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ingozi eyandisiweyo yokubeleka kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, kunye nesisindo sokuzalwa esincinane.
Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonisa ukuba kukho ezinye iinkxalabo zempilo ezinxulumene nonina omncinci.
Olunye uphando oluninzi lufumene ukuba babengumama abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25 ababenabantwana abaneziphumo zempilo ezibi kakhulu ngokwemigangatho yokuphakama, ukukhuluphala, impilo enokuzimelela kunye nezimo zempilo ezifumanekayo.
Impembelelo yengqondo yeBanga lobuzali
Kukho iinkxalabo ezicacileyo zezinto eziphilayo ezinxulumene nobudala bomzali kunye nempembelelo kwimpilo yabantwana, kodwa kuthiwani ngempembelelo engqondweni yomzali kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo? Kukho izifundo ezimbalwa eziye zajonga impembelelo yengqondo yokuzala ukulibazisa kubazali kunye nabantwana babo.
Uphononongo olulodwa, umzekelo, ufumene ukuba umzali kamva ophunyeziweyo ngeteknoloji yokuzalisa incedisi ayizange ihambelane nemiphumo emibi kwimpilo yabantwana.
Nangona kukho ukungafani phakathi koomama abancinci nabangaphezulu kwiimeko ezahlukahlukeneyo, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba akukho zibonelelo ezicacileyo zengqondo nakweyiphi na ibini leminyaka yobudala ngokwemiphumo kwimpilo yabantwana. Uphando lwafumanisa ukuba oomama abadala bafuna ukufumana imfundo ephakamileyo, ingeniso ephakamileyo, kwaye babengenakukwazi ukubandakanya ukuziphatha okumazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Kodwa kuthekani ngempembelelo enokubakho yobudala kwimpilo yabazali?
Iimiphumo zexesha elide ezinokwenzeka
Uphando luyabonisa ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba ubudala abantu bokuqala baba ngabazali banokuba nemiphumo yempilo yexesha elide. Ngokomzekelo, abafazi ababa ngumama ngexesha labaneminyaka engama-20 ubudala kunye neentsuku ezingama-20 banomlinganiselo ophezulu wokufa kunezo zaba ngabazali kamva.
Olunye uphando luye lwaphakamisa ukuba umntwana wokuqala oneminyaka engama-22 okanye engama-23 unempembelelo enobungozi kwimpilo ngexesha lomva. Lo mzali osekuqaleni uye wadibaniswa namazinga aphezulu okudandatheka. Olunye uphando lucacise ukuba phakathi kwama-28 no-48 ekhulwini labantwana abaneminyaka engama-20 ubudala abanentswelo yokudandatheka.
Iziphumo ezixubileyo kwiMpembelelo yabazali kwiMpilo yengqondo
Iziphumo ezihambelana nemiphumo yomzali kamva kwimpilo yengqondo zivame ukudibaniswa. Abanye babonisa isixhumanisi phakathi kobudala bomama kunye nemiphumo emibi kwimpilo kamva ebomini. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukudibanisa phakathi kokuzalwa kokuqala emva kweminyaka yobudala engama-35 kunye nokwanda kokudandatheka.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ngumzali kamva ebomini kuvame ukuvumela abesifazana ukuba bafike kumazinga aphezulu emfundo, kuseke ubuhlobo besikhathi eside, kwaye bafezekise ukhuseleko olukhulu lwezezimali. Ukongeza kule mixube eyinkimbinkimbi yinto yokuba umama kamva unxulumene noxinzelelo lwezonyango ezinjenge-pre-eclampsia, uxinzelelo lwengqondo, kunye nesifo sikashukela, esithile esingaba nemiphumo emininzi yexesha elide.
Yintoni Abazali Abayithethayo?
Ngaphandle kwemilinganiselo yezinto eziphilayo zokuba nezingane ekudala, yintoni umphumo onokuthi ube nayo kwimilinganiselo yabazali?
Olunye uphando oluncinci lufumanisa ukuba phakathi kwabazali abanomntwana wabo wokuqala emva kweminyaka engama-40, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ixesha elihle lokuba ngumzali liyiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwe-10 ngaphambili. Okuthakazelisayo kukuba uninzi lwabazali abangaphezu kwe-40 belugcinwe ukuba umzali omdala unelungelo elingakumbi kunokuba lubi. Sekunjalo, ama-80 ekhulwini labomama kunye nama-70 ekhulwini ooyise bathi ubudala obudala bokuba nabantwana be-30s.
Omnye u-caveat-isifundo sasincinci (kubandakanye abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-107) kwaye babenalo ulwahlulo oluninzi (abaninzi banatshatile kwaye banamhlophe ngemali engenayo engaphezulu). Abaphandi bacetyisa ukuba uphando olongezelelweyo olunokwenza isampula enkulu kunye nezohlukeneyo lungabonakalisa ngakumbi into ekhoyo kubantu abaninzi.
Ngoko kutheni abaninzi abazali abadala abaye bahlolisiswa banomuva wokuba abadala babenza abazali abangcono? Uninzi lwacetyiswa ukuba inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke zilungelelaniswa ngokomoya ukuba ngumzali. Abanye bacetyisa ukuba abadala bebanceda bazibonele ngakumbi, banentembelo, banokuzimelela, bazinzileyo, banokukwazi ukunikela inkxaso, kunye nokukwazi ukuthetha nomntwana.
"Ndiyazi ukuba mna ndiyazi ngakumbi kunokuba ndandineminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo. Ndivakalelwa kukuba ndisesimweni esingcono sokuthetha kakuhle nomntwana wam kwaye ndibancede ngakumbi ebomini kwaye ndiqonda indlela yokubaxhasa, umzali okhuthazayo, "kuchaza omnye waboyise abathatha inxaxheba ekufundweni.
Ezinye izibonelelo ezincinci ezichazwe ngabazali ababambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo babandakanya ukuphumelela komsebenzi omkhulu, ukhuseleko lwezezimali, ubudlelwane obunzulu boluntu, ukulungelelanisa indawo emsebenzini, kunye nexesha elide.
Oku akuthethi ukuba ungumzali omdala yonke ilanga kunye neeresi. Ukuba ngumzali omdala waba neenzuzo, abanye baba bathathi-nxaxheba bacebisa, kodwa kwakukho nemiphanda ephawulekayo. Abanye abazali bacebisa ukuba ukuba banako, babeza kuba nabantwana babo ngexesha eli-30. Ngoba?
Amandla amaninzi
Isizathu esona siqhelo esicatshulwa ngokuqhelekileyo kukuba babevakalelwa kukuba babe namandla amaninzi okuba ngumzali. Abazali abakhulileyo banokuvakalelwa kukuba abanalo amandla okuhlala kunye nezingane zabo.
Ukhuseleko kunye neNdleko yokuphila
Abanye abazali nabo babhekisela ubunzima bokukhulelwa, ukukhathazeka ngokuphila ixesha elide lokukhulisa abantwana babo, kunye nokukhathazeka ngokuba nabantwana abancinci kunokuba babefuna ukuhlaselwa kuba ngumzali omdala.
I-30s ibonakala ngathi i-Compromise ehamba phambili
Kwabaninzi abaphendulayo, ama-30 ayamelela uhlobo oluphakathi phakathi kweengcipheko kunye neenzuzo zokuqala ukuya kumzali kamva.
"Ukuzaliswa kwabazali kuma-30 abo kwakucingelwa ukuba kubonakalise ukunganyaniseki okwandisa imali kunye neemeko zengqondo yomzali emva kokunciphisa ubungozi bokungabikho komntwana, ubuncinane bamandla, ubuncinane bexesha lokuphila kunye nabantwana babo, kunye nobungqina be-stigma enxulumene neminyaka, "abalobi bafunda babhala.
Kuthiwani Ngomntwana wobudala kunye nokuziphatha komntwana?
Ngophando lwango-2017 olupapashwe kwiNcwadi ye-American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, abaphandi bavavanya idatha eqokelelwe kwiiseti ezingama-15,000 zamawele. Iipateni zophuhliso ezinxulumene nezakhono zentlalo kubandakanya ukuziphatha, iingxaki zontanga kunye nezakhono zentlalo zihlolwe. Abaphandi baqhathanisa impembelelo yobudala bomzali ngokuphathelele imfuza kunye nemeko yendalo.
Oko abaphandi abafumene kukuba ngababawo ekupheleni kweminyaka yobudala, mhlawumbi bancinci okanye badala kakhulu, ngexesha lokukhulelwa badibene neendlela ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso loluntu kubantwana babo. Abantwana abazelwe ootata abangaphantsi kwe-25 okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-51 bavame ukubonisa ukuziphatha okungaphezulu kwexesha eliphambili ekuphuhliseni, kodwa ke banqatshelwe emva koontanga babo abazalwa ootata abaneminyaka eliphakathi. Uhlalutyo lwedatha luye lwabonisa ukuba uninzi lwalo mvahluko lungadibaniswa nemeko yezinto eziphilayo ngaphandle kokusingqongileyo.
"Iziphumo zethu zibonisa imiba emininzi ebalulekileyo yendlela yobudala bomntwana ekukhulelweni kuthintela ngayo abantwana," kuchaza uDkt. Magdalena Janecka, umbhali ohamba phambili. "Siyiqwalasele loo miphumo kubantu bonke, okubonisa ukuba abantwana abazalwa oomncinci okanye ootata abangaphantsi banokufumana iimeko zentlalo kunzima, nangona bengayifumani imilinganiselo yokuxilonga nge-autism. Inzala yabantu abadala, kodwa ingengabantwana abancinci kakhulu, ibonisa ukuba kukho iindlela ezahlukileyo ezibangelwa yimiphumo emibili yobudala bobazali. Nangona iiprofayili zokuziphatha ezivela kwimbewu yazo zazifana, izizathu zingase zihluke kakhulu. "
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Ngoko yintoni isivumelwano malunga nobudala obuhle bokuba ngumzali? Ngokucacileyo, ezininzi iinkalo zenza ukuba abantwana bahlakulele ngaphaya kwexesha lokuzalwa baze babe ngabantu abadala, kodwa umzali ungenye yeempembelelo eziphambili neziphambili. Ukuba ngumzali kunanoma yiphina ubudala kunemilinganiselo yazo kunye nemingeni, kwaye izinto ezizodwa kwimeko yomzali ngamnye kunye nemvelaphi nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Oko uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuba ngumzali malunga nokuphela kokuphela kweminyaka yokubeletha, kwiminyaka eyi-20 okanye kwiminyaka engama-40, kunokubonisa inani elikhulu kakhulu lokunciphisa ngokwemiqathango yobomi be-psycholocial risk. Kukho iindlela ezibonisa ukuba abazali abancinci banako ukufumana amandla amaninzi okuhlala kunye nabantwana abaxakekileyo, kodwa abantwana babo banokuphuculwa kwentuthuko yentlalo kunye nabazali abaselula banokuba neengxaki zokudandatheka. Abazali asebekhulile banokufumana amava nolwazi, kodwa banokujamelana nobungozi obuninzi obandakanya ukukhawuleza okungabonakaliyo kweengxaki zabo ezinganeni zabo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uneminyaka engakanani okhethayo ukuba ngumzali, ukuqaphela imingeni enokujamelana nayo kunokukunceda ukuba ulungele ngakumbi ukujongana novavanyo oluninzi kunye nemivuzo ezayo yokuba nezingane. Olu lwazi lunokukunceda ukwandisa inzuzo yakho yobudala, njengokuba unamava amaninzi njengomzali omdala okanye amandla angakumbi njengomzali omncinci, ngelixa uthatha amanyathelo okulwa nobuthathaka obunokuchaphazela isitayela sakho somzali kunye nophuhliso oluhle lwabantwana bakho .
> Imithombo:
> Boivin, J et al. Amanyano phakathi kobudala bomama, ummandla wentsapho kunye nomzali kunye nomntwana kakuhle kwimindeni esebenzisa iindlela zokuncedisa ukuzala. ISoc Sci Med. 2009; 68 (11); 1948-1955.
> Mac Dougall, K, Beyene, Y, & Nachtigall, RD. 'I-biology engeyiyo:' Iingeniso kunye nokungonakali kokuqala komzali emva kweminyaka engama-40 usebenzisa i-vitro fertilization. Hlondi. 2012; 27 (4): 1058-1065.
> Myrskyla, M & Fenelon, A. Iminyaka yobudala kunye nempilo yabantu abadala: Ubungqina obuvela kwisifundo sezempilo kunye nomhlalaphantsi. Idemography. 2012; 49 (4): 10.1007 / s13524-012-0132-x.
> Nybo Anderson, AM & Urhoj, SK. Ingaba ngumntwana osisigxina esiphezulu kwimpilo yengozi kwenzalo? Ukhuseleko kunye nobuthathaka. 2017; 107 (2); 312-318.
> Sasha, S, Barnett, AG, Foldi, C, Burne, TH, Eyes, DW, Buka, Sl, & McGrath, JJ. Ubudala bomntwana obusondeleyo bunxulumene neziphumo ezingenakukwazi ukufumana iziphumo zengqondo ngexesha lokusana nabantwana. PLOSMedicine. 2009; https: //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000040.