Ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, iziphumo ezithile ze-ultrasound ezifana nokufumaneka kwe- yolk sac kunye nomlinganiselo wesithsaba-to-rump zisetyenziselwa ukunceda impilo yokukhulelwa, ubudala bokunyamezela kunye nokukhulelwa kokulahleka . Emva kwe-trimester yokuqala, nangona kunjalo, i-embryo iyenze ibe ngumntwana kunye namanqaku amasha asetyenziswa ukunciphisa ixesha lokunyamezela nokuhlola impilo yemntwana.
Phakathi kwamakishi asetyenziswa ukuhlola ukukhula komntwana kunye nempilo ubude bomfazi wesana, ithambo elide emthonjeni womntu. Ukulinganiswa ukusuka ekupheleni kwethambo kumxube, ubude bebhinqa bubalwa ngamanimitha.
Ubude be-Femur Ubude njengoMqondiso weMpilo yokukhulelwa
Nangona i-short-femur long findings on ultrasound ingabonisa isidingo sokuqhubeka nokuvavanya ukulawula iimeko ezithile, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ingxaki ekufuneka isebenzise ubude be-femour njengommakishi wokukhulelwa okungafunekiyo. Ukusuka kwimpazamo yomntu ukuya kwizixhobo ze-ultrasound ezidlulileyo ukuya kutshintsho oluqhelekileyo, ubude be-femur buyingcipheko eyodwa phakathi kwezinto ezininzi ezimele zisetyenziswe ukwenza iinqununu malunga nekamva lokukhulelwa, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo enye inemiqathango emininzi.
Nangona ubude obude be-femour eboniswe kwi-ultrasound kwisibini okanye yesithathu yekota kuphakamisa uxhalabisayo kwiimeko ezithile ezichazwe apha ngezantsi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ininzi yezikhulo (iipesenti ezingama-73), abazali baya kuqhuba ixesha elipheleleyo ukuhanjiswa komntwana onempilo obungakanani obufanelekileyo beminyaka yobubele.
Ukutshatyalaliswa
Xa ubude besifazane bufunyenwe ukuba bube ngaphantsi kwe-percentile yesihlanu, abafazi bangacetyiswa malunga nenani leemiphumela ezikhulayo zokukhulelwa. Enye inkxalabo kukuba iimfesane ezinomlinganiselo omfutshane ongaphezu kwe-femur zifunyenwe ukuba zengozini ephezulu ye-syletal dysplasia, mhlawumbi eyaziwa njenge-dwarfism.
Kukho iingxaki ezingaphezu kwama-200 ezinokuthi zihlulwe njengedysplasia yamathambo, kwaye zonke zibonakaliswa ngamathambo angenakucala ngenxa yokunyuka kwe-cartilage nokukhula kwethambo. Oku kwahluke kwinqanaba elifutshane, eliphakamileyo elingu-3 okanye ngaphezulu kwemilinganiselo engezantsi kwintsikelelo yobudala kodwa iyalinganisa.
Ukungenakwanela kwePlacental
Ezinye izifundo ziye zaphakamisa iingxalaba malunga nokwanela kweplacenta ukubonelela ngokwaneleyo kwimeko yesondlo kwimfesane enexesha elifutshane lemikhosi. Ngenxa yaloo ndawo, ubude be-femur ubude budibaniswe nezinye iziphumo ezikhulayo zokukhulelwa ezinjengeemfesane ezincinci kwixesha lokuguga, iintsana ezizalwe ngokuzala okuphantsi, nokuzalwa kwangaphambili.
Aneuploidies
Ukongezelela, ubude be-femur ubude bunexesha elifutshane elilindelekileyo lusetyenziswe njengama-soft markers kwizimo ezithile zezofuzo, ezifana ne-trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), i-trisomy 13 (i-Patau syndrome) kunye ne-trisomy 18 (i-Edward's syndrome). Amakhonkco asohlwayo "asemagqabini abomvu" atholakala kwi-ultrasounds ezingenakonakalayo, ngeyodwa, kodwa kunokuba iziganeko ezenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubantwini beintsana ezineesisindo ziye zazama ukuchonga amanqaku e-ultrasound ezingenakwenzeka ngokungekho nto, kodwa zenzeke ngokuqhelekileyo kumabhobho nge-chromosomal trisomies.
Xa kuthelekiswa namanqaku aphakamileyo aphezulu njengengxowa yesikhumba se-nuchal, ubude be-femur bubhekwa njengomakishi ophantsi we-syndrome.