Ebizwa ngegama lesiLatini elithi "kwiglasi," kwi-vitro fertilization ibhekisela ekubeni i-embryo ikhulelwe ngaphandle komzimba, obizwa ngokuthi "in viro" ngesiLatini. Kukho abantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-6.5 abaye bazalwa nale teknoloji, ngokwaneleyo ukutsho ukuba ii-IVF ziqhelekile kwaye ziqhelekileyo nangona ziphikisana-kwaye kwezinye iziganeko ezingekho mthethweni.
Noko ke, uhlobo olutsha lwe-IVF luye lwaphuhliswa olunika izazinzulu ukuba zenze i-embryo enye ukusuka kwimithombo emithathu ye-DNA. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-passenger transfration kwaye njenge-IVF yendabuko, yinto ephikisanayo.
Indlela yokuDluliselwa kweNyukliya esebenza ngayo
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-IVF sele zisebenzise ukusebenzisa isayensi eqondekileyo: iqanda elinye kunye nesampuli esisodwa. Amaqanda anikezelayo, umxhasi wesinikelo, okanye isithandabuzo sithetha ukuba ngelixa i-biological relation relation to family endingokuba nzima, inqobo yenkqubo yeVF ayikho: izazinzulu zithatha iqanda elinye lize lizalise ngokufaka inoda eyodwa.
Ukudluliselwa kwetyukliya, ke ke, kunika izazinzulu ukuba zenze i-embryo enye ukusuka kwimithombo emithathu eyahlukeneyo ye-DNA. Inkqubo yaphuhliswa ekuncedeni abazali ababenokukhubazeka kwe-mitochondrial, okanye iimpembelelo kwi-DNA yabo, bekhulelwe umntwana ophilileyo odibeneyo kunye nabo. Olu hlobo lwe-IVF luye lwabizwa ngokuba ngu "IVF parent parent".
Okubalulekileyo, izazinzulu "zitshintsha" i-strand ephosakeleyo okanye i-DNA ye-DNA enempilo. I-DNA ye-DNA ephosakeleyo iya kutshintshwa nge-DNA yomncedisi onempilo, eyenza iqanda libe ngumxube wezo zibini, kwaye emva koko i-sperm isetyenziselwa ukutshiza iqanda.
Izinzuzo zabazali abathathu-IVF
Nangona iinombolo ezichanekileyo zingaziwa, kuqikelelwa ukuba abantwana aba-1 000 ku-400,000 banokukhubazeka kwe-mitochondrial, ngoko akunqabile, kodwa abo benza oku kungayinkqubo yokuguqula ubomi.
Kuba abazali bakhetha le nkqubo, i-IVF yomzali abathathu ibanika ithuba lokuba baxhomekeke kwintsholongwane yabo kwintsana kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokudlulela kwisifo somzimba.
Izingozi ze-IVF-Parents parent
I-IVF yabazali abathathu inengxabano kuba ukuba i-embryo eveliswayo yintombazana, ukuguqulwa kwemfuzo kunokudluliselwa kubantwana bayo bokamva, ukuba unayo nayiphi na. Ukuba i-embryo yinkwenkwe yokuguquka kwemfuza ayiyi kudluliselwa.
Uphando olusisiseko kwi-IVF yomzali-ntathu lubonise ukuba lunokwandisa amathuba omntwana omdala omdlavuza kunye nokufa.
Kwakhona kukho inkxalabo malunga nokuziphatha kwe-IVF yomzali-ntathu, kuba oomthetho kunye noogqirha bazibuza ukuba ngaba kuya kubangela ukuba abazali bahendwe ukuba "baqulunqe" iintsana ezithandana ngokuthe tye. Omnye ugqirha waqhathanisa inkqubo yokudala abantu abaguqukayo.
Uninzi lwengxabano lubetha kwisigqibo sakho somntu. Ukuba i-IVF-parent parents isasazeka, kuya kuba kuwe kunye neqabane lakho ukuba ufunde, uxoxe ngeendlela ozikhethayo, kwaye ulinganise i-pros and cons.
Iintsuku zokuqala zabazali abathathu behlabathi
Ukusebenzisa ukudluliselwa kweekryukliya, intombazana yokuqala yomntwana oyiminyaka emithathu izalwe ngumama noyise e-Ukraine.
I-CNN yabika ukuba e-Ukraine, nangona oogqirha besazi ingozi kunye neendlela zokuziphatha zokuba nentombazana encinwe ezalwe ngeDNA eguquliwe, akukho migaqo ethile echasayo inkqubo. Kule meko, i-embryo eyimiphumo eyona nto yayingenasempilweni ngokwaneleyo, ngoko ke kwenziwa isigqibo sokuqhubeka nokudluliswa kwe-IVF kunye nombungu wesibindi.
Isizathu sokuba intombazana sele ithole ingqwalasela enkulu kukuba, kule meko, unina wengane akazange abe nolwazi olubi lwemitochondrial oluya kuqinisekisa ukuba le nkqubo iyimfuneko. Kunoko, amaqanda omama ayengasetyenziswanga ngokwawo, ngoko wacela ukuba i-DNA yakhe ifakwe kwiqanda lomnikeli ukuze ikwazi ukuxhomekeka ngezinto eziphilayo.
Abanye abantwana abathathu abazali bazalwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-DNA, nangona i-US inemigaqo eqinile kakhulu malunga nokusebenzisa inkqubo ukwenzela ukuba oogqirha bavumelane ngokuziphatha kwayo.
Umzekelo wale ntsapho, uvula umgangatho kumbuzo omtsha phambi kobuchwepheshe be-IVF: Ukuba ngaba abazali bavunyelwe ukuxuba i-DNA yabo kwiqanda lomnikelo, nangona kungekho sizathu soogqirha kuMbuzo onomdla kunye Isayensi iya kuzama ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza.
> Imithombo:
Amato, P., Tachibana, M., Sparman, M., & Mitalipov, S. (2014). IVF-Abazali abane-IVF: i-Gene Replacement for Prevention of the Mitochondrial Diseases. Ukhuseleko kunye noBungqina , 101 (1), 31-35.