Abantwana abanikiweyo bahlala bekulungele ukuqala isikolo kwiminyaka emine. Basenokufunda okanye bekulungele ukufunda. Bokuba besenza iingxaki zamatriki, bongeza kwaye bakhuphe ezintloko zabo. Nangona imithetho yelizwe idinga ukuba abantwana balinde de kube bano-5 bangene kwi-kindergarten, izikolo ezizimeleyo zikwazi ukukhupha imfuno. Abazali beminyaka yobudala bokuqala esikolweni bayazibuza ukuba ngaba kufuneka bafake izicelo zokumisa imali baze baqale umntwana wabo esikolweni ngethuba okanye balinde ukuba umntwana abo afinyelele kwiminyaka efunekayo.
Ngezinye izihlandlo abazali bayakukhathazeka ngenxa yesigqibo, ingakumbi kuba ezininzi izikolo ziyakucima amandla. Ngaba ukuqala ukungena esikolweni ingcinga efanelekileyo kubantwana abanesipho ? Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, kuyakunceda ukubheka encinane kwimbali yemfundo kunye neengxabano kunye nokuqala kwangena.
Ubume bangoku
Imbali
Nge-1800s, abaninzi abantwana babeya esikolweni kwiklasi elithile kwigumbi. Omnye utitshala wayejongene nokufundisa abafundi abangama-30 ukuya ku-40, ukususela kumncinci ukuya kumdala. Ngamanye amaxesha, utitshala wafundisa abafundi abadala, abaphambili, ngelixa aba bafundi befundisa abantwana. Abafundi kulindeleke ukuba bafunde izakhono ezithile kunye neenyaniso (amanqanaba ebakala) kwaye njengoko befunda, baqhubela phambili kwizakhono ezilandelayo okanye kwi-idilesi elandelayo ekufuneka ifundwe.
Njengoko imithetho yagqitywa ifuna abafundi ukuba baye esikolweni, izikolo zaba zikhulu. Izikolo ezitsha nezikhulu zafuneka zakhiwe, izikolo ezineendawo ezingaphezu kweyodwa.
Abafundi kwafuneka bahlukane ngandlela-thile ukufakwa emagumbini ahlukeneyo kwaye isinqumo senziwe ukuba bahlule ngobudaleni.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isigqibo sokusebenzisa ubudala njengesiseko sokuhlukanisa abantwana kumagumbi okufundela asemthethweni. Emva koko, abantwana abaneminyaka ehlukeneyo banamathuba athile.
Ekuqaleni, okokuqala, amagumbi okufundela ayenamagumbi okufundela amanqanaba eminyaka, ngamabanga 1 ukuya ku-3 bebonke kunye kunye namabakala 4 ukuya ku-8 abe kunye. Abafundi babesoloko bekwazi ukunyuka njengoko bekwazi izakhono kunye neengcamango. Ekugqibeleni, inani labafundi lakhula liza kuba abafundi bahlukana ngobudala kwaye bafakwa kumanqanaba amabakala. Kwaba nzima nakakhulu kubantwana abaye bazi kakuhle izakhono nolwazi ukunyuka kwinqanaba elilandelayo njengoko ngoku kuya kufuna ukufuduka kwiklasi elitsha.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abafundi babe nethuba elihle lokuphumelela, iimfuno zeemfuno zeemfuno zeminyaka emiselweyo zibekwe ukuba bangene esikolweni. Ekubeni abaninzi abantwana babecingelwa ukuba balungele isikolo ngeminyaka eyi-6 (i-kindergarten nge-5), eyaba ngumncinane ubuncinane. Le mfuneko yeminyaka ayinakwenziwa ngabantwana abanesiphiwo engqondweni. Abazali abanabantwana abanesakhono banokucinga ukuba abantwana babo balungele ukuqala esikolweni kodwa bakhathazeke ngabo beklasini ezele abantwana abadala kwaye bazibuze ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kamva. Babuza ukuba ukuqala ukungena esikolweni yinto efanelekileyo kubantwana babo.
Iingxabano
- UkuHlaliswa kweNtlalontle kunye noMoya
Enye yeengxabano eziqhelekileyo ekungeneni kokuqala kwirejista yinto yokuba umntwana oneminyaka emine akakhulileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuqala isikolo. I-nursergartner kulindeleke ukuba ikwazi ukuhlawula utitshala, landela izikhokelo kunye nokuthobela imithetho, yonke into efuna iqondo lokukhula. Abagadi bamatyala kulindeleke ukuba bahlale bephulaphule amabali, bahlale bejolise kumsebenzi, kwaye baqonde umahluko phakathi komsebenzi kunye nokudlala kwaye wazi ukuba ngamnye ufanelekile. Ukungahlululwanga kwezentlalo kungenza kube nzima ukuba umntwana asebenzisane ngokufanelekileyo nabanye abantwana.
- Ukukhula koMzimba
Enye ingxabano yokumkelwa kwangaphambili kwirejista kukuba umntwana akanako ukulungele esikolweni. Ukulungelelaniswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kubandakanya ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono eziphambili kunye nezicwangcisekileyo kunye nobukhulu bomzimba. Ukuba umntwana uqala esikolweni kusenokwenzeka, akanakho ukufumana izakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi ukuze akwazi ukubamba ipencil ngokufanelekileyo kwaye abhale kakuhle. Ukongezelela, abantwana abaqala isikolo ekuqaleni kwaye bancinci kunabanye abantwana banokuhlangabezana neengxaki zentlalo, kuquka ukukrakra ngabanye abantwana. - Impembelelo kwi-Adolescence
Ezinye iingxabano ezinxamnye nokungena kwangaphambili zihambelana neziphumo eziza kubakholwa kwangaphambili ebomini bomntwana esikolweni esiphakeme. Umntwana oqala ukuqala esikolweni uya kuba ngowokugqibela ukufaneleka ukuqhuba kwaye akayi kukhula ngokwaneleyo xa abafundi bakhe befunda naye. Oku kunokwenza umntwana abe nomuzwa onjenge-outcast kunye nokungafanelekanga. Ukongezelela, umntwana oqala isikolo kusenokwenzeka angakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu besayizi. Xa abanye abatsha baya kwenkampu okanye bathathe inxaxheba kwezinye iinkqubo zasehlotyeni, umntwana oqale isikolo kusenokwenzeka akaze ahlangabezane neemfuno zeminyaka kwaye akayi kukwazi ukuya khona okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba.
Iingxoxo
- UkuHlaliswa kweNtlalontle kunye noMoya
Abantwana abanikiweyo banokuthi babe noluntu kwaye bavuthiwe ngokomoya ngokwaneleyo ukuqala isikolo ekuqaleni. Bavame ukukhetha inkampani yabantwana abadala kwaye kaninzi baneengxaki zokuziphatha ezimbalwa xa abafundi babo befunda nabo bekhulile kunabo. - Ukukhula koMzimba
Ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwazo , ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kwabantwana abanesiphiwo esinokuthi bangaphuma emva kokuphuhliswa kwengqondo kunye nengqondo. Ukulindela ukukhula kwabo ngokomzimba ukuze babambelele kunokubangela iingxaki kubo kwimfundo nakwentlalo. Kwakhona, abantwana abanezipho bahloniphekile ngenxa yokubhala ngesandla. Basenokucinga ngokukhawuleza kunokuba babhale, okubangela ukuba bahlalutye izinto ngokukhawuleza njengoko banako. Oku akukho ekukhombiseni ngesandla. Ukulindela omnye unyaka akuyi kusombulula le ngxaki. Ngokumalunga nobukhulu bendalo, akukho siqinisekiso sokuba ukulinda unyaka owongezelelweyo kuya kwenza umntwana akhule ngokukhawuleza. Ukubamba umntwana umnyaka owongezelelweyo kunokumvumela ukuba aqale ubungakanani obufanayo kunye nabantwana abadala, kodwa banokumtyhila kwiminyaka embalwa. (Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba asibanga ukubhala umntwana oneminyaka yobudala bakhe, nangona ubukhulu bakhe bungakhokelela ekuhlekeleni. Ngaloo ndlela, ukubaluleka kwezidingo zemfundo kuyaqondwa.) - Impembelelo kwi-Adolescence
Abantwana, kunye nabangenabo izipho, baqokelele kumazinga ahlukeneyo. Umntwana oneminyaka efanayo kunye nabafundi afunda nabo angabikho kwintlalo okanye ngokomoya oqolileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba abe nomhla. Ayikho indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umntwana oqala kusasa kakhulu okanye olungele ukwedlula abantwana abaneminyaka emdala. Ngokuphathelele ukuqhuba, sisisigqibo somzali sokwenza. Akunabo bonke abahamba ngeminyaka eyi-16 ubudala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba baqala nini isikolo. Akunabo bonke abantwana abanesiphiwo abanomdla kwimidlalo okanye, ngoko ukwenza isigqibo sokubekwa kwibakala esekelwe kwisifiso esilindelekileyo esizayo akusona sivumelekile. Olunye uhlobo lwezemidlalo, nalo, aluchaphazeli ngobukhulu bomzimba, umkhondo, umzekelo.
Isigqibo
Akukho mpendulo elula kule ngxaki. Isigqibo sokubeka umntwana esikolweni kusasa sibuhlungu. Abazali banenkxalabo malunga nokuba yiyiphi inxaxheba eya kuvumela umntwana wabo ukuba afaneleke ngokufanelekileyo kunye nabanye abantwana. Ngelishwa, akunakwenzeka ukuba ulungele kakuhle. Ukuba umntwana engakulungeli esikolweni okanye emoyeni, kunokuba nzima ukuba umntwana alungise. Nangona kunjalo, ukulinda ukuba unyaka owongezelelweyo unokwenza ukuba imfundo engabonakaliyo ingabonakali. Ukongezelela, nangona umntwana onobuchule entlalweni, emoyeni, nakwezemfundo ukulungele ukuqala isikolo kwangaphambili, ukuhamba kunye nokujongwa kwemfundo kusenokuba kuhle kakhulu.
Akukho mpendulo ilungile kubo bonke abantwana abanesiphiwo. Abazali kufuneka baqwalasele ukukhula kwengqondo kunye nokuhlalisana komntwana, kodwa kufuneka baqwalasele ngokwexesha lomntwana. Umntwana oneminyaka emine ubudala onokuzicingela unokucinga ngathi uneminyaka emithandathu okanye enesixhenxe ubudala, kodwa abe neemvakalelo kunye nezakhono zentlalo eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Oku kunokubenza babonakale bengakhange bafundele esikolweni xa benene nabo bangabantwana abaneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, ubuncinane ngokomzwelo. Ngengqiqo, babeya kuqhubeka.
Kude kangakanani na ukuba umntwana onesipho esifanele aqwalaselwe. Umntwana onelungelo ngakumbi, kukuphucula umntwana uya kuqala isikolo ekuqaleni. Enyanisweni, umntwana usenokufuneka aqhubele phambili ngelo xesha. Ngonyaka ngamnye inkqubela yomntwana kufuneka ihlolwe kwaye ukufakwa kwakhona kuhlaziywe kwakhona.
Enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kubazali ukuyiqonda kukuba ubungqina bokungena kwangaphambili kunye nezinye iintlobo zokukhawuleza kwabantwana abanesiphiwo esinamandla. (Jonga Uhlanga olukhohlisiwe.) Ngokuqinisekileyo akukho bungqina obuxhasa ukugcina umntwana onobuchule obukhulu-ukuba ulungele uluntu kunye nolwasemoyeni. Njengoko uShakespeare wayeya kuthi, "Kukho intonga." Ukuqaphela ukuba umntwana ulungele uluntu kwaye ulungele ngokomoya akusoloko kulula. Abazali banokuthetha nomfundisi wezingane zasesikolweni kunye nomntwana wezingane zabo ukuncedisa uncedo ngalolu vavanyo.