Ukuhlolisisa Ukunyuka Kwinqanaba lokuzalwa kweTwin
Ngaba kukho amawele ngaphezulu kwihlabathi? Kuye kucatshulwa ngokubanzi ukuba kukho ukunyuka kwamawele malunga neminyaka, ngokukodwa kubangelwa ukuba unyango lwezityalo. Kodwa ukwanda kwezinga lokuzalwa ngokuthethileyo akuthethi nje amawele, kodwa kunye nokuphindaphinda kwamanani amaninzi, njengama- triplets , ama-quadruplets kunye nezinto ezifana. Kwaye njengokuba unyango luye lwaphucula, kukho ukungafani kwezinga lokuzalwa, kwaye ezinye ziyancipha kwiminyaka embalwa edlulayo.
Sekunjalo, kubonakala ngathi kunamawele apho ujika khona; mhlawumbi uqaphela iintlobo ezininzi kunye neentsapho
abahamba ngee-double strollers kunye nakwiivenkile okanye ezininzi izivakalisi kwiindaba ezivela kubazali abadumileyo bhiyozela ukuzalwa kwamawele. Ithelevishini ibonisa "uKate Plus Eight" (ngaphambili "uYon noKate Plus Eight") okanye "iMasta Multi Mamas" ibonakalisa ukukhanya kwiindawo ezininzi zokuzalwa. Izikolo zibika ukubhaliswa kwamarekhodi kunye neenxepheli kunye nootitshala bebambisana nomcimbi wokubekwa kweklasini . Ukwanda kwamawele weewele kuye kwavelisa umthetho ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo amawele akhuselwe esikolweni.
Ukunyuka kwamawele
Uphononongo olwenziwa ngo-2012 lucacise ngakumbi kwi-data kwaye lucwangcise iindlela ezithile malunga nokunyuka kwamazinga okuzalwa kwama-United States phakathi ko-1980 no-2009. Isiko seSizwe soLwazi lwezeMpilo (NCHS) elifutshane ukususela ngoJanuwari 2012 linika ulwazi olulandelayo:
- Ngo-1980, 1 kwabantwana abangama-53 babeyiwele.
- Ngo-2009, i-1 kwabantwana abangama-30 yayingamawele.
Oku kubonisa ukunyuka kwama-76% kwizinga lesibini lokuzalwa kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu ukususela ngo-1980 ukuya ku-2009. Uphononongo lucinge ukuba amanye amawele angama-865,000 azalwe kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu kunokuba ngaba izinga lokuzalwa kwamawele alizange linyuswe kule minyaka.
Ukubeka oku ngamanye amagama:
- Ngo-1980, izinga lokuzalwa kwamawele lalingama- 18.9 / 1,000 .
- Ngo-2009, izinga lokuzalwa kwamawele lalingama- 33.3 / 1,000 .
- Ngo-2014, izinga lokuzalwa kwamawele lalingama- 33.9 / 1,000.
Kuloo migaqo, kuyacaca ukuba isantya sokubeleka sinyuka sisuka ngaphantsi kwama-2 ekhulwini lweintsana ezelwe ngo-1980 ukuya kuma-3 ekhulwini kwiintsana ezelwe ngo-2009.
Emva ko-2009, izinga lokunyuswa alizange liqhubeke ukuphakama ngendlela efanayo. Yahlala isomelele kwaye yancipha kancane kancane ukusuka ngo-2009-2012 ukuya kwi-33.1. Emva koko, ngowama-2014, yaqhuma kancane kwi-33.9 entsha. Qhubeka ukhumbula, nangona kunjalo, ukuba le nombolo ibalwe ngokusekelwe kwinani labantu abazalwa ngokubanzi (ubuninzi be-singleton + ezininzi) kunyaka owenziwe. Inani langempela lamawele laliphezulu kakhulu, njengoko inani elipheleleyo labazali liphantsi.
Nazi a manani:
- Ngonyaka ka- 2007 , kwakukho ama-4,316,233 azalwa ngokuzalwa. Kuzo, i-138,961 yayingamawele. Ireyini lokuzalwa kwamawele lalingama-32.2.
- Ngo- 2014 , bekukho i-3,988,076 yokuzalwa ngokuzalwa. Kuzo, ii-135,336 zaba ngamawele. Ireyini lokuzalwa kwamawele lalingama-33.9.
Kwakukho amawele ambalwa azalwa ngo-2014 kunokuba ngowama-2007, kodwa kwakukho nabantwana abancinci ngokubanzi.
Iifom zokuzalwa zeTwin kwilizwe lonke
Zonke iindawo zaseUnited States zafumana ukunyuka kwamazinga okuzalwa, kodwa iireyithi ziyaqhubeka ziyahluka phakathi kwamazwe.
Le tstshi ibonisa izinga lokuzalwa kwamawele kummandla ngamnye waseUnited States, ngokuthelekisa amanqanaba ngo-1980 kwaye ngo-2009 kunye neepesenti zenguqu kwiminyaka. Amaxabiso aphakama ubuncinane ngama-50 ekhulwini kuma-43 kunye nakwiSithili sase-Columbia, kunye nantlanu (Connecticut, Hawaii, Massachusetts, New Jersey, ne-Rhode Island) yabona izinga liphakama ngamaphesenti angama-100.
Amazwe ngezinga eliphezulu lokuzalwa ngamawele ngo-2014 :
- ENew Jersey (44.3 / 1,000)
- EMassachusetts (43.3 / 1,000)
- I-Connecticut (40 / 1,000)
- I-New Hampshire (39.4 / 1,000)
- ENew York (37.9 / 1,000)
Amazwe ngezinga eliphantsi kakhulu lokuzalwa ngonyaka ka-2014 :
- INew Mexico (25.2 / 1,000)
- E-Arizona (27.7 / 1,000)
- I-Alaska (28.5 / 1,000)
- EMzantsi Dakota (28.2 / 1,000)
- Vermont (29 / 1,000)
Izizathu zokunyuka kwamawele
Ngoko yintoni echaza ukunyuka kwinani lamawele? Abaninzi bacinga ukuba kusetyenziswe ukongeza iteknoloji yokuzala. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubone enye impembelelo ebalulekileyo. Kuye kwafunyanwa izinto eziliqela njengengenelelo ekwandeni iweleji. Olunye uhlolisiso olunxulumene namazinga okunyuka kokunyuka komzimba ngokunyuka ekukhanyeni, ekubaleni ukuba abafazi abangaphezu kwamandla amaninzi okanye abade kakhulu banokuba namawele.
Uvavanyo lwee-twin zokuzalwa ngama-2012 lubonisa ukuba iminyaka yobudala njengento ebangela ukunyuka kwamawele. Ukwanda kwenyuka enkulu kumaxabiso okuzalwa okuba ngama-2 kubonakala kwabatyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Ithi "Ngokomlando, amazinga okuzalwa avuke ngokukhula, ehamba phambili kwiminyaka engama-35-39 kwaye ehla emva koko (4). Ukususela ngo-1997, ke ke, amazinga aphezulu kakhulu kwabesetyhini kuma-40 abo." Uphononongo lubonisa ukubahluko phakathi kwamazinga azalwe ngamabini ngokweminyaka yobudala. Ngo-2009:
- Abasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-40 okanye ngaphezulu: ama-7 ekhulwini kubo bonke ababelethi babeswele iimbini
- Abasetyhini 35-49: ama-5 ekhulwini lokuzalwa ayenamawele
- Abasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-25: ii-2 ekhulwini zokubeletha zaziyi-twin delivery.
Olu konyuka lilungelelanisa ekutshintsheni ukusabalalisa kweminyaka yabasetyhini bebeletha ngexesha leminyaka engama-30 yesifundo. Apho kuphela iipesenti ezingama-20 zabesifazane abazalelwa ngo-1980 babengaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala, inani elifanayo labalinganiselwa kuma-35 ekhulwini lokuzalwa emva ko-2000. "Ukukhula koomama abaneminyaka engaphezu kweeminyaka kuya kulindeleke ukuba kuthintele amaxabiso okuzalwa ngamawele ngenxa yokuba (oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwemithi yokuzala) ukulinganisa amaxabiso amabhinqa kuma-30 abo. " Uphononongo luqikelela ukuba inxalenye yesithathu yokwanda kwimivuzo yokuzalwa kwamafa ingabalelwa kulo nyaka ekukhuleni komama. Olu lungiso luyaqhubeka lubambelela kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngo-2014, uninzi lwaphindaphindiweyo lwazalelwa oomama ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30.
Unyango lweZonyango kunye neTwin Birth Rate
Ukunyanga okunyanga kuninzi kuthathwa njengento ebangela ukunyuka kwamawele, kwaye olu cwaningo lusekela loo mbono. Olu phofu lucacisa unyango lwe-infertility olujongene neengxaki ezimbini zokunyuka kwamazinga okuzalwa okuba ngowama-1980 ukuya ku-2009. Iinkqubo zonyango ziquka ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezivuselela iziyobisi okanye iinkqubo zokuncedisa ukukhulelwa, njengento yokuchumisa i-vitro . Iimpembelelo zonyango lokuzala zixhomekeke kwimeko yobudala bokubeleka njengabesetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu banokufuna uncedo lokuzala, isifundo siyavuma.
Kwiminyaka emithathu apho i-twin data rate yokuzalwa iqhutywe ngayo, iteknoloji yezobugcisa yenza ukuba imithi yokuzala iphumelele kwaye ifumaneke ngakumbi. Ukusetyenziswa koncediso lokuzalana kwanda kakhulu kuma-1980 nakwa-1990. Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo ziye zacetyiswa kwiminyaka yamuva nje ukuba zithintele inani labazali abaninzi abaza kuba ngumphumo wonyango lokuzala, ekuqapheliseni ukuba ukuzalwa kwamanani amaninzi kunxulumene neengozi zempilo eziphezulu kwaye zihamba neendleko zonyango ezinkulu.
Umthombo:
UMartin, JA, et al. "Amashumi amathathu emashumi amabini ezelwe eUnited States, 1980-2009." Isiko seSizwe soBume bezeMpilo , ngo-2012.
Hamilton, b., Et al. "Ukuzalwa: Idatha yokugqibela ka-2014." Imibiko yeeNkcukacha zeZibalo zeSizwe, uDisemba 23, 2015.