Iimiphumo zonyango kunye neNyango
Ukutshintshela ngokufanelekileyo okanye kwe-chromosomal yimeko apho inxalenye yechromosome iqhelile kwaye iphinde ixhomekeke kwenye indawo. Ngamanye amagama, kuthetha ukuba iinqununu ezimbini ze-chromosomes zitshintshe indawo. Ukutshintshwa kwezinto kungabikho nto okanye kungabangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko.
Kwimeko yabangaphambili, abantu abaninzi banokufuduka ngaphandle kokuqaphela imeko.
Oku kudla ngokuba yimeko yokulungiswa (okanye ukulinganisela) ukudluliselwa, uhlobo lokutshintshela i-chromosomal olwandisa umngcipheko wokulahleka kwamathambo okuphindaphindiweyo .
Ngolu hlalutyo, bhetele ukuqonda kwakho into ekuhambiselana ngayo kunye nefuthe elinokuthi lingaba nalo xa ukhulelwa.
Kuthetha ukuthini utshintsho olufanelekileyo
Kwi-translocation enokulinganisela, umntu ngokuqhelekileyo unayo yonke into efunekayo ekukhuleni okuqhelekileyo - isiqwenga se-chromosome sigqityiwe kwaye siqhotyoshelwe kwenye. Nangona kunjalo, xa iiseli zomntu ezahlula ukudala iqanda okanye iindidi zesisu zokuvelisa, iqanda okanye iiseli zesisu zingagqiba ngezinto eziphathekayo zofuzo okanye zilahlekile izinto eziphathekayo, eziza kubangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu kuye kuxhomekeke kukuphi i-chromosome kunye neentsholongwane ezichaphazelekayo.
Isiganeko seMiscraries eziqhelekileyo
Kwimizuzu engama-4,5 yazo zonke izibini ezinezintlu zangasese eziphindaphindiweyo , omnye wabazali okanye bobabili abazali banokuthunyelwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Uphando lubonisile ukuba imibhangqwana enokulinganisela ngokufudukelayo iyakwazi ukuba neentlungu ezingaphezu kwezibini ezingenakudluliselwa. Kukho ubungqina bokuba ukuhanjiswa okufanelekileyo okubandakanya ama-chromosomes athile kunokwenzeka ukuba kubangele ukulahleka kwamanye amazwe kunabanye.
U vavanya
Ukutshintshwa kweendlela ezifanelekileyo kufumaneka ngolu vavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi- karyotype apho iisampula zegazi kubazali bobabini zihlalutyiweyo zikhangela ukuhanjiswa kwezinto.
Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuhanjiswa okufanelekileyo kumama kunokwenzeka ukuba kunxulumene nokulahleka kwamathambo okuphindaphindiweyo, kodwa obawo banokuba ngabaphathi.
Unyango
Akukho nonyango yokuhanjiswa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, impembelelo kuphela yempembelelo emzimbeni i-miscarriages ephindaphindiweyo. Kwizibini ezithintekayo ngokufudula ukuthunyelwa kweendawo, iingxaki ziyakuthanda ukukhulelwa ngokuphumelelayo ngexesha elithile, kodwa ngokucacileyo ukungahambi kakuhle kwamathuba okungahambi nzima kunokuba nzima ukujamelana nomoya.
Ukulahleka kwamathambo okuphindaphindiweyo kunokuba nemiphumo yempilo. Kwabesifazana abathile, ukuphulukana kwamathambo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokubangela iingxaki, ezifana nokwakhiwa kwezicubu ezibomvu emva kweD & C. Ngako oko, izibini ezinokuqhelaniswa okuqhelanisiweyo ezixhalabisayo kunye nokukhathazeka ngokomzimba ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukulahlekelwa ngumzimba kungabangela ukuba kufuneke kuhloliswe iindlela ezininzi zobuchwephesha zokuthatha ukukhulelwa kwisithuba.
Amanyango aphezulu
Kwezinye iimeko, izibini ezinokuqhelaniswa ngokufanelekileyo ziyakwazi unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi- preplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) . Kwi-PGD, isibini sithatha nge-vitro fertilization kunye kunye nokuhlolwa kofuzo lweembrusi ukuqinisekisa ukuba abanalo ukuthuthwa kwempahla okungalinganiyo.
I-PGD ne-IVF zombini ibiza kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, kwaye ingagqitywa yi-inshurensi ixesha elininzi, esinye isizathu sokuba kutheni iintlobo ezininzi zinyanzeliswa ukuba ziqhubeke zingenangxaki.
Oko kuthethwa, unako ukufumana iimali-mboleko eziya kukunceda ukuhlawula le nkqubo, isicelo segranti ezibini ezidinga i-IVF okanye ugcine imali yakho kwaye uchaze iindleko zakho zonyango njengencitshulwa yerhafu xa zidlula i-10 ekhulwini yakho uhlengahlengiso olupheleleyo.
Umthombo
> Gardner RJM, Sutherland GR, uShaffer LG. I-Chromosome engaqhelekanga kunye nokucebisa ngezofuzo. 4. INew York: i-Oxford University Press; 2012.