Ekuboneni kokuqala, ukukhubazeka kokufunda kubonakala kuqhelekileyo phakathi kwamakhwenkwe asezikolweni kunamantombazana. Phantse ezibini kwisithathu kubafundi abaneminyaka yobudala esikolweni abachazwe ngokukhubazeka kokufunda bangamadoda. Kuze kube kutshanje, uphando malunga nokukhubazeka kokufunda (LD) luchaza ukuba ulwalamano lwamakhwenkwe kumantombazana onokukhubazeka okufunda luphakathi ko-5: 1 no-9: 1, ngokulandelanayo, kwisikolo esikhethiweyo sabantu.
Nangona kunjalo, uphando olutshanje olusisiseko luye lwabonisa inani elilinganayo lamakhwenkwe namantombazana abanokukhubazeka ukufunda.
Iingcamango ezichaza ukuhluka kobulili
1. I-Biological Vulnerability
Iingcamango ezininzi ziye zacetyiswa ukuba zicacise ukuba kutheni amakhwenkwe angaphezu kwamantombazana abonwa njengabafundi abakhubazekileyo. Abanye abaphandi baphakamise ukuba ukunyuka kwanda kubangelwa ubungozi bomntwana. Oku kuthetha ukuba banokuzalwa okanye bafumane ukuthambekela kokukhubazeka ekufundeni kwasekuqaleni ebomini.
2. Iimpawu zoBheno
Ezinye iingcaphephe zibonisa ukuba okungafaniyo ekuchongeni kungabangelwa ukunyanzelisa. Abafana banako ukuthunyelwa kwimfundo ekhethekileyo xa babonisa iingxaki zemfundo ngenxa yezinye iimpawu ezibonakalayo. Amakhwenkwe adidekile kwaye asemzabalazweni asemgangathweni angakwazi ukwenza. Basenokungabi nangobuchule, bangachukumisi, okanye baphazamise eklasini, ngoxa amantombazana abonisa iimpawu ezingekho phantsi kweemfundo zabo.
Ngokomzekelo, amantombazana abonisa kuphela ukungalindelekanga amathuba okuba angaphoswa ngabafundisi kwaye abonakale bengathandeki kulo mbandela. Inani elifanayo lamakhwenkwe kumantombazana (5: 1) lichazwe kwi-ADHD ngokunjalo.
3. Iimvavanyo zovavanyo
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokufunda ukukhubazeka phakathi kwabantu besilisa lixhomekeke kwimpikiswano eninzi ngezizathu ezininzi.
Abanye abaphandi bathi ukungabikho kwencazelo yendalo yonke yokufunda "ukukhubazeka ukufunda" kunye nokungabikho kwemilinganiselo yokuvavanya iinjongo ezichanekileyo, ukulinganisa ukukhubazeka kokufunda ngokuchanekileyo kukuhambelana nokuchonga okungenakulungileyo kwabantwana abaneziphene zokufunda. Uninzi lweemvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga ukukhubazeka kokufunda zenzelwe kwaye zilungiswe kubafana. Ngenxa yoko, ezi mvavanyo zingenakucinga ukungafani kwindlela abafana abonisa ngayo ukukhubazeka kwabo ukufunda, xa kuthelekiswa namantombazana. Iimvavanyo ezingenakujongana neentlobo ezithile zeengxaki ezifunyenwe ngokukodwa ngamantombazana.
Ukukhula kwiNgcaciso yabaFundi abakhubazekileyo bokuFunda
Ekubeni inqanaba lokukhubazeka lokufunda lokuqala laqala ngo-1975, inani labafundi abachongekileyo ngokufunda ukukhubazeka liphindwe kathathu. Phantse abafundi abayizigidi ezingama-2.4 bachongwa njengenokukhubazeka kokufunda kwaye bafumana iinkonzo zemfundo ezizodwa ezikolweni.
Izizathu ezininzi ziye zaphakanyiswa ukwanda okukhulu kwabantwana abanokufumana ukukhubazeka kokufunda. Ezi zizathu ziquka:
Abaxinzelelo bezinto eziphilayo kunye neengqondo bangabangela ukuba abantwana abaninzi babe mngciphekweni wokuba bafunde ukukhubazeka, kwaye ngenxa yoko, abantwana abaninzi bachongwa.
2. Ukuxilongwa kwe-LD yinto eyamkelekileyo yoluntu kunamanye amanqanaba emfundo ekhethekileyo. Kukho ukungazithethi kwinqutyana yootitshala ukuba babhale umntwana "ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo" okanye "ukuphazamiseka ngokomzwelo." Abazali banokukhetha "udidi lwe-LD" kwaye bawususe.
3. Abantwana abafundiswa phantsi kwezemfundo bangabhalwa ngokungafanelekileyo njengabantu abanokukhubazeka ukufunda. Inkqubo yokuvavanya kunye neendlela zokuxilonga zingabonakala zingathembekanga, zingathembekanga, kwaye ziphosakeleyo ngokwemvelo. Ukongezelela, kunokubakho bambalwa, ukuba kukho, ezinye iinkqubo zalaba bafundi abangaphantsi.
4. Ukuqwashisa ngokubanzi ukukhubazeka kokufunda kunye nokuhlalutya ngokubanzi kwemisebenzi yabafundi kubangele ukuhanjiswa okungakumbi kunye nokuchongwa.
Ootitshala nabazali bayaqaphela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkonzo ezifumaneka kubafundi.