IziGaba eziSiseko zoLwazi loMntwana lokuthetha
Ulwimi lokufunda luyindalo kwaye iintsana zizalwa zikwazi ukuwufunda. Bonke abantwana, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luphi ulwimi abaluthetha ngayo abazali, bafunde ulwimi ngendlela efanayo.
IziGaba eziSeko zoLwimi lokuFunda
Kukho izigaba ezintathu eziphambili apho abantwana bahlakulela khona ulwimi lwabo.
Isigaba esisodwa: Imisindo yokuFunda
Xa abantwana bezalwa, banokwenza nokuva zonke izandi kuzo zonke iilwimi kwihlabathi.
Kukho malunga ne-150 izandi malunga neelwimi ezingama-6500, nangona kungekho ulwimi olusebenzisa zonke ezo zandi. Izandi ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi zibizwa ngokuba ngamafononi kunye nesiNgesi malunga ne-44. Ezinye iilwimi zisebenzisa ezininzi kwaye ezinye zisebenzisa ezinye.
Kule nqanaba, iintsana zifunda ukuba zeziphi iimfono zikwazo ulwimi abakwaziyo ukufunda kwaye ezingenalo. Ukukwazi ukuqonda nokuvelisa ezo zandi kuthiwa "ukuqonda ulwazi," kubalulekile ukuba abantwana bafunde ukufunda.
Isigaba seBibini: Amazwi okuFunda
Kulo nqanaba, abantwana bafunda ukuba izandi zithetha njani ngolwimi ukuze zenze intsingiselo. Ngokomzekelo, bafunda ukuba izandi m - ah- m - zibhekisela ku "kuba" abaqhekezayo kwaye bazixhase, unina wabo.
Le nyathelo elibalulekileyo kuba yonke into esiyithethayo impela isantya sesandi. Ukwenza ingqiqo yezo zandi, umntwana kufuneka akwazi ukubona apho elinye igama liphela kwaye enye iqalisa. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba "imida yegama."
Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abafundanga amagama, ngokunjalo. Ngokuqinisekileyo bafunda i-morphemes, enokuthi okanye ingaba ngamagama. I-morpheme isandi isandi okanye izandi ezinentsingiselo, njengegama lomama .
I-word mommies , nangona kunjalo, ine-morphemes ezimbini: unina kunye- . Abantwana kweli nqanaba banokuqonda ukuba i-"ithetha ngaphezu kweyodwa." Baqala ukudibanisa intsingiselo ngamanye amagama xa isandi sithengiswa.
Isigaba sesithathu: Izivakalisi zokuFunda
Ngeli xesha, abantwana bafunda ukudala izivakalisi. Oko kuthetha ukuba banokubeka amagama ngendlela echanekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, bafunda ukuba ngesiNgesi sithi "Ndifuna ikhukhi" kwaye "Ndifuna i cookie cookie," kungekhona "Ndifuna ikhukhi" okanye "Ndifuna ikhukhilethi yecookie."
Abantwana bafunda ukuhluka phakathi kokuchaneka kwegrama kunye nenjongo. UNowaam Chomsky wadala umzekelo walo mmahluko kwisivakalisi esithi "Iingcamango ezingenambala ezilalayo zilala ngokukhawuleza." Abantwana baya kukwazi ukuba nangona isigwebo sisilungile ngesigama, asiyiyo ingqiqo. Bayazi ukuba oluhlaza luyimbala kwaye, ngoko ke, akunakubalabala.
Phuhliso loLwimi
Nangona bonke abantwana befunda kwizigaba eziphambili, ulwimi lukhula kumazinga ahlukeneyo kubantwana abahlukeneyo. Abaninzi abantwana balandela umzekelo oqhelekileyo.
Ukuzalwa
Xa iintsana zizalwayo, ziyakwazi ukuphendula kwisigqi seelwimi. Bayakwazi ukuqaphela uxinzelelo, ijubane, kunye nokunyuka kwe-pitch.
4 ukuya ku-6 inyanga
Ngeenyanga ezine, iintsana ziyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwezandi zolwimi kunye nezinye izandi. Ngokomzekelo, bayayazi umahluko phakathi kwegama elithethiweyo kunye nokubetha.
Kwiinyanga ezintandathu, iintsana ziqala ukuxubha kunye ne-coo kwaye oku kuwuphawu lokuqala lokuba umntwana ufunda ulwimi.
Iintsana ngoku zikwazi ukwenza zonke izandi kuzo zonke iilwimi zehlabathi, kodwa ngelixesha abaneminyaka elidala ubudala, ziya kuhlawula izandi ezingenxalenye yelwimi abayifunayo.
8 inyanga
Iintsana ngoku zinokuqonda amaqela ezandi kwaye ziyakwazi ukuhlukanisa imida yegama. Nangona baqaphela la maqela aphilileyo njengamazwi, abanako ukuqonda ukuba lithetha ukuthini amagama.
12 inyanga
Kule nkalo, abantwana banako ukufakela ingqalelo kumagama. Xa bekwazi ukwenza oko, banokuqala ukwakha isigama. Baqala ukulinganisa amagama amatsha abavayo kwaye ngelixesha abaneminyaka eli-1 ubudala baya kuba nesigama samazwi angama-50.
18 inyanga
Ukuze banxibelelane, abantwana kufuneka bazi ukuba basebenzise amagama afundayo. Kule nqanaba lophuhliso lolwimi, abantwana bayakwazi ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezibizo kunye nezenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amagama okuqala kwigama lomntwana zibizo.
24 inyanga
Kule nqanaba, abantwana baqala ukuqonda ngaphezu kwezibizo kunye nezenzi kwaye bafumane ukuqonda isakhiwo sesivakalisi esisisiseko. Basenokusebenzisa izivakalisi, umzekelo. Bayazi neelungelo elifanelekileyo lamagama kwisivakalisi kwaye bangenza izivakalisi ezinjenge-"Cookie?", Oku kuthetha ukuba "Ndingaba ne-cookie?".
30 ukuya kuma-36 inyanga
Ngalesi sizukulwana, malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zento abantwana abatshilo ngokuchanekileyo ngegrama. Iimpazamo abazenzayo ngokuqhelekileyo zifana nezinto ezongezwayo kwizenzi ezingaqhelekanga ukwenza ixesha elidlulileyo.
Ngokomzekelo, banokuthi "ndiwe phantsi" endaweni yokuba "ndawa phantsi." Bafunda umgaqo wegrama wokwenza ixesha elidlulileyo ngokufaka isenzi kwisenzi kodwa abangazange bafunde okungafaniyo kumgaqo.
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu
Njengoko bekhula, abantwana bayaqhubeka nokwandisa isigama sabo kunye nokuphuhlisa ulwimi olunzima. Ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi lwabo ngokuqinisekileyo alufani ngokupheleleyo nolwimi oludala kuze kube seminyaka elishumi elinanye.
Ngeminyaka engaphambi komntwana, abantwana baqala ukusebenzisa izinto ezibizwa ngokuba zivakalisi. Ezi zivakalisi zibonisa umyalelo othi, "Nangona le ndoda yayikhathele, waqhubeka esebenza." Abantwana abancinci besenokuthi "Lo mntu wayekhathele, kodwa waqhubeka esebenza."
UkuPhuculwa koLwimi kunye neBantwana abanikiweyo
Amazwi abantwaba abanomdla bahlala behamba kwezi nqanaba ngokukhawuleza kunabanye abantwana. Ezinye zikhula ngokukhawuleza kangangokuthi zibonakala ziwela ngaphaya kwezinye zazo.
Akuyinto engavamile ukuba umntwana onobuchule ahlaziye aze ahlaziye aze aphele. Ngokweminyaka elilodwa abaxelisi amagama kwaye baneminyaka emibini abasebenzisa izivakalisi ezilula. Basenokuthi "mama" nelithi "dada," kunye namanye amagama ambalwa, kodwa kungabikho ngaphezulu. Emva koko, ngeenyanga ezingama-26, umntwana uqala ukuthetha ngokugqibeleleyo, izivakalisi ezichanekileyo ngegrama njengomntwana oneminyaka emithathu.
Olunye uhlobo lwezantetho ezinokubhaliweyo zingasebenzisa izivakalisi ezinjenge-"Cookie" kuminyaka yobudala. Kwaye abantwana abaneminyaka emithandathu ubudala abanesiphiwo esinokusebenzisa izivakalisi ezinjengokuthi "Ndiyakuthanda iGammy yam nangona engazi indlela yokusebenzisa ikhompyutha."
Ukuphuhliswa kolwimi oluphambili kwezingane ezinesipho sinokuba esinye sezizathu zokuba ezinye zazo zikwazi ukufunda ukufunda ngaphambi kokuba ziphendukele ezintlanu okanye nangaphambi kokuba ziphenduke ezintathu.