EziPhambili
Isixhobo esisodwa sabantwana abanesakhono ubuchule bokusetyenziswa kolwimi, oku kuthetha ukuba aba bantwana bafikelela kwiziganeko eziphambili zophuhliso ezinxulumene nolwimi ngaphambilana neetshathi zentuthuko eziza kubonisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantwana abanesiphiwo sivame ukuthetha ngaphambili, babe nolwazi olukhulu, kwaye basebenzise izivakalisi ezinde kunabantwana abangenabaniki.
Abazali banokuxelela njani ukuba uphuhliso lweelwimi lomntwana luqhubekile?
Isinyathelo sokuqala kukujonga izinto eziqhelekileyo zophuhliso lweelwimi. Isinyathelo sesibini kukujonga ukuba yeyiphi uphuhliso lolwimi oluphambili.
Uphuhliso lweelwimi
Nantsi into enokuyilindela kwiminyaka eyahlukileyo ukususela ebusaneni kuze kube yiminyaka yobudala:
Iinyanga ezintathu:
- Yenza i-cooing and bururgling izandi
Iinyanga ezintandathu:
- Babbles aze enze ingoma-ingoma izandi
Iinyanga ezili-12:
- Babbles kodwa ngokukhetha, okuzwakala ngathi ukuthetha
- Igama lokuqala
18 iinyanga:
- Abanye amagama angama-8 ukuya ku-10 aya kuqonda
- Unesigama samazwi angamahlanu ukuya kuma-40, ezininzi izibizo
- Uphinda amazwi evelelwe kwingxoxo
- Sebenzisa "hi," "hamba," kwaye "nceda" xa ukhunjuzwa
iminyaka eyi-2:
- Unesigama samazwi angama-150 ukuya kuma-300
- Usebenzisa izivakalisi zezibizo ezimbini ukuya kweyesithathu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuhlanganiswa kwesenzi-izenzi, ezifana "ne-Dog bark," kodwa kwakhona usebenzisa ukutshintshana ngokudibanisa njenge "Cookie engaphezulu?"
- Ubhekisela kwigama kunye nokusebenzisa "mna" kunye "nam"
3 iminyaka:
- usebenzisa izivakalisi zegama ezintathu ukuya kwezihlanu
- ibuza imibuzo emfutshane, ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa "yintoni" okanye "kuphi"
- unesigama malunga namazwi angama-900 ukuya kuma-1000
4 iminyaka:
- Unesigama samazwi angama-1,500 ukuya kuma-2 500
- Usebenzisa izivakalisi zamagama amahlanu okanye ngaphezulu
5 iminyaka:
- Uchonga ezinye zee-alfabhethi
- Usebenzisa amagama ayisithandathu kwisivakalisi
- Sebenzisa "kwaye," "kodwa," kwaye "ke" ukwenza izivakalisi ezinde
Ngeminyaka engama-6, ulwimi lomntwana luqala ukuvakala njengentetho yabantu abadala, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwezivakalisi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngamagama afana "xa," umzekelo.
Nangona kunjalo, abantwana bathambekele ekusebenziseni izivakalisi "nangona" nangona "nangona" ukuya kutsho malunga neminyaka eyi-10.
Ukuthetha kwangaphambili
Abantwana abanikiweyo baqala ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza. Nangona abaninzi abantwana bethetha igama labo lokuqala malunga ne-1 ubudala ubudala, abantwana abanesiphiwo esinokuthi baqale ukuthetha xa beneminyaka eyi-9 ubudala. Abanye abazali babika ukuba abantwana babo bathetha igama labo lokuqala ngaphambili, okokuqala kwiinyanga ezili-6 ubudala.
Abanye abazali baye baxela ukuba abantwana babo bazama kanzima ukwenza amagama kwiinyanga ezi-3. Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi iintsana azikhululwanga ngokwaneleyo ukulawula imilomo, ulwimi, nemilomo kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba intetho izwakalise zifuna. Basenokuphandleza imilomo yabo kwaye bafuze bavule umbala okombala kunye nomzamo baze baxakeke xa bengenako ukwenza izandi abafuna ukuzenza. Ukufundisa ulwimi lwezandla zentsana kuyindlela efanelekileyo yokunceda aba bantwana bazivakalise ngaphandle kokufunda.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba akubona bonke abantwana abanesiphiwo sokuthetha bathetha kwangethuba. Enyanisweni, abanye abantwana abanesiphiwo sixoxwa ngokukhawuleza, bengathethi batshaba baneminyaka emi-2 ubudala nangaphezulu. Xa bethetha, nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha bayagqitha kwiinqanaba zokuphuhlisa ulwimi kwaye bangaqala ukuthetha ngezivakalisi ezipheleleyo.
Ngethuba ukuthetha kwangoko kukuphawu lobutyebi , ukungathethi kusasa kungekhona uphawu ngenye indlela okanye enye.
IsiGama esiPhambili
Isigama esiphezulu singathetha izinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Kungathetha inani lamagama abasebenzisi abasebenzisa kwaye lithetha intsingiselo yamagama abasebenzisa abantwana.
Nangona umntwana ongeyiphi na isakhono anokufumana isigama samazwi angama-150 ukuya kuma-300 eneminyaka engama-2 ubudala, abantwana abanikiweyo banokugqithisa uphawu lwama-100 ngelixesha abaneminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Kwiinyanga ezili-18, abaninzi abantwana banesigama esisuka kuma-5 ukuya kuma-20 amagama, nangona abanye bafikelela kwi-word-stelling word ngelixa abaneminyaka emi-2 ubudala. Ngomnyaka wabo wesibini, uninzi lwabantwana lukhulisa isigama sabo ngamazwi angama-300.
Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abanikiweyo, baya kuba nesigama esisebenzayo esikhulu, esondela kumntwana oneminyaka engama-4 ubudala nangaphezulu.
Olunye uhlobo lwesigama esiphezulu lubhekisela kwiintlobo zamagama umntwana analo kwisigama sakhe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amagama okuqala umntwana afundayo aya kuba nezibizo: mama, daddy, inja, ibhola, intaka , njl. Emva koko, izenzi ezilula zongezwa, umzekelo, ufuna, hamba, ubone, unike. Abantwana abanikiweyo, nangona kunjalo, baya kwandisa amagama axhunyiwe, njengaye okanye nangenxa yokuba. Ngama-3 ubudala, abantwana abanesakhono banokuthi bangeze amagama esigxina, njengokuba kunjalo okanye amagama angama-multisyllabic afanelekileyo.
Izakhiwo zeZigwebo
Umntu oneminyaka emi-2 ubudala unokwakha izivakalisi zamagama amabini okanye amathathu, kaninzi ngaphandle kwesenzi. Umzekelo, umntwana unokuthi, "Kukho ikati" ngokuba "Kukhona ikati." Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abafuthiweyo, baya kukwazi ukuthetha ngezivakalisi ezipheleleyo kwi-2 ubudala nangama-3 ubudala, ulwimi lwabo lusele lufana nentetho yabantu abadala. Bayakwazi ukusebenzisa amanqaku exesha, njengamanje , kamva, okokuqala, kwaye, oko, kunye nesigama sabo esiphezulu kunye nezivakalisi ezipheleleyo, bavumele ukuba baqhube iingxoxo ezipheleleyo kunye nabantu abadala.
Nangona abantwana abaninzi abanesiphiwo esinalo luhlobo lophuhliso lweelwimi oluphambili, ukungabikho kwakhe akuthethi ukuba umntwana akanasiphiwo. Uluhlu lweentlobo eziqhelekileyo zophuhliso lweelwimi lukwahluka ngokubanzi kubantwana abanesiphiwo njengoko kunabantu abangenalwazi. Ezi nkcazelo zezinto ezinokuthi zifane nomntwana onobuchule zenzelwe ukunceda abazali baqonde ukuba yintoni ubuchule beelwimi obuphambili obubonakala ngathi.
> Imithombo:
> Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwaBantu abaPhiweyo. http://www.nagc.org/imithombo-publications / imithombo / imimiselo / imimiselo / imimiselo-
> Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nobuchule obukhulu kwiBantwana abancinane kakhulu. Davidson Institute. http://www.davidsongifted.org/Search-Database/entry/A10162.