Ingaba Ixesha Lokuvavanya Umntwana Wakho Ukuba Ufumane I-Giftedness?
Ngaphambi kokuvavanya umntwana onokufumana isipho , abazali kufuneka bathathe ingqalelo kwizinto ezininzi. Kukho izinto ezininzi omele uziqaphele ukuze ungabi namandla kuphela kwimfundo yomntwana wakho kodwa ukuphepha iingozi eziqhelekileyo xa kungekho sizathu esicacileyo sokuvavanya. Makhe sibone izizathu eziphezulu zokufumana abantwana bavavanyelwe izipho, iintlobo zeemvavanyo zokusebenzisa, ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuvavanya, kunye nemibuzo omele uyibuze ukuze wenze isigqibo esona sikhulu kumntwana wakho.
Izizathu eziPhambili zokuvavanya abantwana abanikiweyo
Ukuba uyakrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho unelungelo, ukuvavanya kuya kukuvumela ukuba uqonde iimfuno zakhe zokufunda ezithile, kuquka amandla kunye nobuthathaka. Ngokuzibonakalisa izipho ngokukhawuleza, kunokwenzeka ukuba ubuchule bomntwana wakho buza kuphuhliswa zibe ziitalente.
Ukuvavanya kunokunceda umntwana wakho abekwe kwiprogram enezipho , apho angahlakulela khona amandla akhe kwaye afunde ukulawula okanye ukuphucula ubuthathaka bakhe. Ukunika izipho kungaxhomekeka kwindawo enye, kwaye ukuvavanya abantwana abanezipho kunokukhokelela ekuchazeni ukukhubazeka kokufunda okufuna ukungenelelo nokuhlala okukhethekileyo ezikolweni. Ngaphandle kokuvavanya, aba buthathaka bahlala bengathatyathwa kumntwana ogqwesileyo kwezinye iindawo. Le ngcaciso inokunceda abazali bakhonze njengabameli bezemfundo ezizodwa kubantwana babo ukuba kufuneka.
Xa Uvavanyo
Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuvavanya abantwana abanesiphiwo esiphakathi liphakathi kweminyaka emi-4 no-8.
Ukuvavanya phambi kweminyaka engama-4 kuya kubangela ukuba amanqaku angathembekiyo ngenxa yokuba ukuziphatha komntwana akunakwenzeka. Iimvavanyo ze-IQ azihlali zizinzileyo ade umntwana afinyelele kwiminyaka eyi-5.
Ngamanye amaxesha kulula ukuqonda iimpawu zomntwana onobuchule emncinci kakhulu . Esikhundleni sokuvavanya, ke, abazali bafanele bajonge iindlela zokugcina umntwana omncinci engumngeni ngaphandle kokuba ngumzali onomdla .
Kukho ininzi yeendlela zokukhetha ukugcina abancinci abancinci kunye nabantwana besikolo esikolweni . Oku kubandakanya ukusebenza kunye neencwadi kunye nokufunda ngabantwana abanezakhono , ngokusebenza ngamanani kunye nemathematika kwizibalo zemathematika, ukutyelela iminyuziyamu yezenzululwazi kunye nemvelo yolondolozo lwezenzululwazi, kunye nobugcisa kunye nezobuciko kumntwana onelungelo lobugcisa. Iiprogram zomculo, ezifana ne-Yamaha music school, zenzelwe abantwana abancinci (abaneminyaka engama-4 ukuya ku-8) ukuphonononga umculo ngexesha "iifestile" yokufunda ngendlebe ivulekile, kwaye imfundo yemculo ibonakala inokunceda nezinye iifundo ezifana izibalo phantsi komgca.
Ukuvavanywa emva kweminyaka eyi-8 kungakhokelela kwiziphumo ezingachanekanga kunye kwaye kunokuphumela ekulahlekelweni kwamathuba enokuthi umntwana ahlolwe ngawo. Oko kwathiwa, abaninzi abantwana abanikiweyo abanakuze bathathwe njengaye emva kweminyaka eyi-8. Ukuba kunjalo nangomntwana wakho, fumana ukuba isikolo sikulungele ukuvavanya kunye nokusebenzisa iiphothifoliyo zomsebenzi wengane yakho kunye nezinye iindlela zokuvavanya izipho zomntwana.
Ukungalungi kokuvavanywa kungabangelwa yimibandela emininzi, kubandakanywa ukufakela ukuhlolwa , ukuphelela ukugqibelela, kunye nokuthotyelwa . Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isipho sinobuchule kwaye sitshintshile kwithuba.
Iintlobo zeeNzame zoBuphi
Iintlobo ezimbini zokuqala iimvavanyo abazali abacinga ngazo xa bejonga ukuvavanya abantwana babo abanesiphiwo iimvavanyo neemvavanyo ze-IQ.
- Imivavanyo ye-IQ: iimvavanyo ze-IQ zilinganisa ubuchule . Izikolo kaninzi zinika iimvavanyo zeqela le-IQ, njenge-Otis-Lemmon. Iimvavanyo ze-IQ ezizimeleyo, ezifana ne-WISC-IV, iStanford-Binet, kunye noWeschler Intelligence Scale kwaBantwana zichaneke ngakumbi kubantwana abanesipho. Uvavanyo lwe-IQ lwama-85-114 luphakathi. Uvavanyo phakathi kwe-115 no-129 ludluliselwa kwisipho esifanelekileyo, 130-144 isipho esifanelekileyo, kunye no-145 ukuya ku-159 ubuchule obuphezulu. Izikolo eziphezulu kunezi zicatshulwa ngokugqithiseleyo okanye zinamandla kakhulu. (Uvavanyo lwe "I-genius" lwe-IQ luye lwachazwa ngokomlando njenge-IQ ngaphezu kwe-160).
- Iziphumo zokuphumelela: Iziphumo zokuphumelela zilinganisa oko umntwana esaziyo . Abantwana abanikiweyo abayifuni ukuphumelela okuphezulu ngokusekelwe kumabakala esikolweni kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo benza kakuhle kwiimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ngamanani phakathi kwama-95 no-99 ekhulwini.
Zomibini iintlobo zeemvavanyo ziye zaxhamla. Thetha namagosa esikolweni ukuba ufumane ingqondo engcono yovavanyo olufanelekileyo kakhulu kumntwana wakho. Ukuhlanganiswa kweemvavanyo zombini ze-IQ kunye neemvavanyo zokuphumelela zivame ukufuneka ukuba zivunywe kwiprogram enezipho .
Ukongezelela kule mvavanyo, abantwana banokuvavanywa ukuba babone ukuba "baneetalente ezikhethekileyo" (njengencwadi yokufunda isahluko esi-3 ubudala) kunye nokukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi.
Abahloli beCape
Ngubani omele aqhube iimvavanyo zokufumana izipho? Kunconywa ukuba uvavanyo luqhutywa ngumntu onamava ekusebenzeni nabantwana abanesiphiwo. Ngaphandle koko, iziphumo zokuvavanya akunakho ukuchaneka. Ngokomzekelo, umhloli uqala ngokubuza umntwana imibuzo elula kwaye uqhubeka ecela de ukuba umntwana alahleke inani elithile elilandelelana lemibuzo. Umhloli onamava uya kukwazi ukuqala ngemibuzo enzima, ngoko umntwana akayi kudinwa okanye akhathazeke, oku kungenza umntwana enze iimpazamo. Oku kunakhokelela ekuhlaleni amanqaku aphantsi kwaye angachanekanga. Funda kabanzi malunga nokufumana umntu ukuvavanya umntwana wakho onobuchule .
Iindleko zoVavanyo oluPhezulu
Uvavanyo luya kuhlawula ukusuka kwi $ 200 ukuya kwii-700 zamaRandi. Umyinge wezinga eliphakathi kwe-$ 500 kunye ne-600 zamawaka kwaye ngokubanzi kubandakanya ii-IQ kunye neemvavanyo zokuphumelela. Iindleko zifana nokuba ngaba ungeva okanye ungeva abantwana abanesiphiwo okanye akunjalo, ngoko qi niseka ukuba ubuze nawuphi na umntu oza kuhlola malunga namava akhe. Abafundi abaphumelele kwizikolo zengqondo kwiiyunivesithi esiseduze banokuvavanya i-dollar eziliqela. Nangona kunjalo, abanokuba namava anomntwana onobuchule.
Imibuzo Yokubuza Ngeemvavanyo Zamafomu
Njengoko kuphawuliwe kule ngxoxo, kukho iinkalo ezininzi ezifuneka ukuba ziqwalaselwe ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho avivinywe ngesipho. Ngaphambi kokuba ungene ngemvume ukuvavanya, qiniseka ukufumana iimpendulo kule mibuzo elandelayo:
- Ingaba lixesha elihle lokuvavanya umntwana wakho, kwaye ziziphi iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kokulinda?
- Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakala enekhono, le nto iya kuthintela njani imfundo yakhe? Ziziphi na amanyathelo alandelayo oza kuthatha?
- Ziziphi iimvavanyo kufuneka umntwana wakho azinayo, kwaye ezi zifana naziphi ezinye iimvavanyo ngaphandle?
- Yiyiphi imvelaphi kunye namava omntu owenza uvavanyo? Zingaphi abafundi abanesakhono abanamava abasebenza naye?
- Kutheni umhloli wangena kule ntsimi? (Abahloli bangenomdla okhethekileyo kubantwana abanesipho ngezizathu zobuqu ezifana nokuba nomntwana onobuchule).
- Ziziphi iindleko zokuvavanya? Yintoni eya kuba yindleko yeenguqu zemfundo eyenziwa ukuba umntwana wakho unelungelo ngempela?
- Ziziphi iimingcipheko ezinokuthi zihlolwe?
- Yintoni ekukhuthazeni ngayo ukuvavanya? Umzekelo, ngaba kukubona ukuba umntwana wakho unokufumana ukuvuma kwiprogram enezipho, ngaba kukuqinisekisa oko ubonayo, okanye ngaba kukuchasana namanye amazwana angayenza malunga nendlela ongazifanelekanga ngayo umntwana wakho?
- Ngaba unokuphatha umntwana wakho ngokungafaniyo ukuba wayesazi ukuba unesipho?
Ngaphantsi kwento omele uyenze ngaphambi kokuvavanya ukufumana izipho
Ukuvavanya izipho kubantwana kungavulwa iingcango ngokunceda umntwana akhulise ezo zipho kwiitalente. Kodwa ixesha kubalulekile. Ukuvavanya kungakulunganga ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka engama-4, kwaye abazali bakhe abangenakwenzekayo baya kwenza nantoni na into eyahlukileyo ukuba umntwana wabo uvavanywe njengeziphoso. Oko kuthetha ukuthini ukuba abazali babo bonke abantwana, abanesiphiwo okanye abangenalo, banikezela ithuba lomntwana omncinci ukuba ahlolisise iimfuno zakhe aze afunde.
Ukuvavanya nako kunokungalungi kumntwana oneminyaka engama-8, nangona abantwana abaninzi bengabonakaliswa phambi kwesi sikhathi. Ukuba umntwana wakho mdala kunalolu hlobo, thetha nootitshala bakhe kunye nabahloli malunga naluphi na olunye ulwazi oluya kunceda, njengama-portfolios.
Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuba umntwana wakho ahlolwe, qiniseka ukufumana umhloli onamava asebenza kunye nabantwana abanesiphiwo. Loo mntu unokuba ngumthombo oncedo xa kubonakala ukuba umntwana wakho unelungelo. Ekugqibeleni, nokuba umntwana wakho unikwe izipho okanye awukho, khawukhawuleze ukhangele iingcamango ekukhuliseni umntwana wakho onobuchule .
> Umthombo:
> Umbutho kaZwelonke wabantwana abaThiweyo. Uvavanyo kunye noVavanyo. https://www.nagc.org/imithombo-publications/gifted-education-practices/identification/tests-essessments