Ngokutsho kwedatha emitsha evela kwi-American Academy ye-Pediatrics (AAP), iifestile eziyimfestile ziyabangela ukulimala kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-6.
Enyanisweni, iintambo ezingaboniyo ze window zenzakalisa abantwana ababini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-6 ngalunye usuku kwaye babulale umntwana osondeleyo kwinyanga nganye, kwakhona. Nakhu okufuneka abazali bazi malunga nefestile ephazamisayo kunye nokulimala kubantwana.
Ukulimala kweefowuni
Kwangexesha elide, i-AAP yazi ukuba iindwangu ezingaboniyo zamebe zibeka ingozi engozini kubantwana. Ukukhululwa kogcino kwi-AAP kwaphawula ukuba iintambo eziyimpumpo zamehlo zibe "yingozi yokhuseleko" kubantwana kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-70. Ngokomishoni we-US Consumer Safety Commission (i-CPSC), iintambo ezingaboniyo zefestile ziphakathi kwezinto ezintle ezihlanu ezifihliweyo kumakhaya ase-US. Ukuzama ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala kwabantwana, kukho imigaqo yokuzithandela ebeka kwiinkambo ezingaboniyo kubakhi beefestile iminyaka emininzi. Kodwa ulwazi olutsha uhlalutyo lwe-AAP luye lwabonisa ukuba imimiselo, ngokudabukisayo, ayanele.
Ingozi yeFowow Blinds
Ukuzama ukuseka ukuba iindwangu ezingaboniyo zamehlo ziqhubeka zibeka ingozi enkulu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-6, i-AAP idatshulwa idatha e-United States ukususela ngo-1990 ukuya ku-2015. kunye ne-In-Deepth Investigation (IDI) yolwazi.
Ukusebenzisa iinkcukacha ezidibeneyo, iingcali zophando zazikwazi ukudibanisa konke ukulimala kunye nokufa okwenzeke kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-6 kunye nohambo oluhambelanayo kwisebe elingxamisekileyo. Konke ukulimala kwenzeka njengomphumo othe ngqo wezintambo ezingaboniyo zefestile kwaye kungekhona nakweyiphi enye into, njengeefestile zewindow okanye i-drapes.
Idatha ibonakalise izinga lokulimala kwi-windows blinds ye-2.7 kwabantwana abayi-100 000, konke okubangelwa ukutyelelwa kwamagumbi okuphuthuma. Ngokubanzi, kwakukho ukulimala kwe-16,827 kubantwana kunye neentlobo kunye nezixinzelelo zale nzakala ezahlukileyo. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokulimala lwalunobungozi obangelwa "ukubetha" kwintambo eyimfama okanye inxalenye yentambo. Oku kudla ngokubangela ukugqithiswa kolunye uhlobo lwesikhumba somntwana, olunjengokusikwa okanye ukutyumla. Uninzi lwaloo ntlobo lwalimala kakhulu kwaye lwaluphathwa.
Uhlobo olubi kakhulu lokulimala, nangona kunjalo, lwalunobungozi ngokubanjelwa, okubalelwa kuma-11,9 ekhulwini kuwo onke amaxhoba okulimala. Iziganeko ezininzi zengxowankulu (iipesenti ezingama-98,9) zibangelwa iintambo ezingaboniyo kwaye abaninzi babo babandakanye intamo yomntwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntwana wangena kwiefestile zokusebenza eziyimfama (ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiipesenti ezingama-76.4) okanye kwiintambo zangaphakathi (kwiipesenti ezingama-22.1). Njengomzekelo wolu hlobo luni lwezintambo, zibandakanya zombini iintambo ezivela kwimpumputhe engapheliyo kunye neendwangu zothando okanye izintambo ezinceda ukuphakamisa okanye ukuncipha. Kwakukho neemeko zabantwana abanjwe ngentambo abazali ababebophe ngayo kwiikhonkwane ezininzi ngeenjongo zokuthintela abantwana babo ukuba banganyaniseki.
Njengoko unokulindela, ukuxakalisa ukulimala kunye neziganeko zona ziyingozi kakhulu kubantwana. I-AAP ifumene ukuba i-sibini yesithathu yeziganeko zokungqubuzana ekugqibeleni yabangela ukufa komntwana. Ngokubanzi, idatha ibonakalisa ukuba kukho ukufa komntwana omnye ngenyanga, ngenxa yokulimala kwintambo yomnxeba okanye ukungena kwintambo.
Ngubani Osemngciphekweni?
Idatha ibonakalise ukuba abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-6 basengozini yokulimala okubangelwa ziintambo ezingaboniyo, kodwa abancinci basengozini enkulu yeliphi iqela leminyaka. Oku kubangelwa ukuba abantwana banomdla, bafuna ukuhlolisisa imo yabo, kwaye banamandla kwaye banomthwalo okwaneleyo ukwenza izinto ezifana nefenitshala esilinganiselwe okanye ukunyuka kwi window window.
Abantwana bebanomngcipheko kakhulu kuba abazali babengenakukuva ukuba ngaba bathatyathwa okanye balimele ngentambo. Ukuqhaqhaqeka kwenzeka ngokucebile, njengoko indlela yabo yomoya ivalwe, kufana nokugwinya, kwaye kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Uninzi lwabalimazi kunye nokufa kwavela xa umntwana egcinwa ngumzali kodwa wayesele eyedwa yimizuzu engaphantsi kwe-10. Ngokomzekelo, uninzi lwazo lwalimala emva kokuba umzali elele umntwana ukuba alele kwaye wayengekho kwigumbi. Olunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwaloo mntwana ushiywe yodwa kwimaminithi embalwa ebukela umabonwakude njengoko umzali ephuma egumbini, into eninzi abazali abanokuyithetha ngayo iya kwenzeka rhoqo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abancinci babevame ukusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwefenitshala ukuze bafike kwiifowuni eziyimfama, kwaye idatha ibonakalise ukuba i-cribs okanye i-playpens, izitya okanye i-sofas, okanye iifestile eziqhelekileyo zaziqhelekileyo, kunye nemibhede ibe yintsimbi eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo.
Ngokubanzi, umntwana oneminyaka engama-2.2 ubudala. Iminyaka yayisengozini yodwa ebusuku ebusuku kwigumbi lakhe lokulala emva kokuba umzali ambeke ukuba alale.
Yintoni eyenziwa ukunciphisa izingozi
Xa iifestile eziyimpumputhe zifunyenwe kuqala ziyisongelo kubantwana emva kweminyaka yama-1990, emva kokuba kwaxelwa ukuba abantwana abayi-183 babeswele, kwakukho ukunyakaza ukuzama ukukhusela ukufa kwabasemuva ngokutshintsha indlela ezenziwe ngayo iintambo ezingaboniyo. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-1994, i-CPSC kunye neFowow Covering Manufacturers Association, Inc (WCMA) yenza icebo lokurhoxisa iisango kwiimfestile ezingaboniyo zitsalathisa iintambo kwaye zanikezela ngeekiti zokulungisa mahhala. Kwakhona kukho ukukhumbula okuhlukeneyo kunye nokusekwa kwemigangatho yokuphepha ngokuzithandela kwiinkcazo zefestile kunye nonyango, kodwa njengokuba le datha ibonisa, ukugcina imigangatho yokuzithandela kuthetha ukuba akusiyo wonke umntu olandela iziphakamiso zokhuseleko kwaye akubona bonke abazali abaqaphela indlela eyingozi ngayo intambo ngenene.
I-AAP ikhankanywe kwisifundo sayo sokuba ezininzi iintlobo zezintambo ezingaboniyo zenzelwe ukukhuseleka xa zisetyenziswe kakuhle, kodwa akubona bonke abazali abazazi iingcebiso zokhuseleko baze bafake iimfama ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, bachaza ukuba iintambo eziqhubekayo, eziqhelekileyo kwiimodeli ezizenzekelayo kunye ne-roll-up zifuna idivaysi yokubambisana ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba le fowuni ayifakwanga okanye ifakwe ngokungalunganga okanye eyonakaliswe, i-loop eqhubekayo ishiywa ilenga, ebonisa ingozi yokuqhawula. I-AAP ilinganisela ukuba kukho imizi eninzi enezintambo ezingaboniyo ezingenasiphelo okanye ezingafaki kakuhle, ngaloo ndlela zibeka ingozi engaziwayo.
Oko Abazali Bangakwenza
Enye indlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela ukulimala okanye ukufa kwiinkcenkceshi eziyimfestile yinkcazo ngokuphelisa zonke iintambo eziyimpumputhe ezivela ekhaya lakho. Uphando olubhekiselele kwi-AAP luphawule ukuba nangona abazali abaninzi babika ukuba bayazi ukuba iintambo eziyimpumputhe zindiza ziyingozi, ngaphantsi kwekota kubo babenezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuba amakhaya abo aphephile.
IKomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi baseMerika incoma ukuba abazali baphephe zonke iifestile eziyimfama ezizintambo emakhaya abo kwaye zibuyisele ngentambo yentambo okanye intambo engenakufinyeleleka. Ezi ntlobo eziyimfama zifumaneka kwiinkampani ezininzi zonyango ezinkulu. Abazali bafanele bahlole rhoqo naluphi na intambo engenakufikeleleka eyimpumputhe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayizange iphule, ishiye iintambo. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, musa ukubeka nayiphi na i- cribs , imibhede, okanye i-sofas kufuphi neefestile kumagumbi abantwana abadlala okanye abalala kuwo.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Iifowuni eziyimfama ziyimingcipheko yokulimala okanye ukufa kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-6. Abantwana abasemngciphekweni basemngciphekweni kuba baqhelekile benomdla kwaye bazimisele ukuhlola indawo yabo. Ukulimala okanye ukufa kungahle kwenzeke ngokukhawuleza nangokuthula ngenxa yesicangcoko okanye intambo. I-AAP ikhuthaza ukuba zonke iintambo eziyimfama zipheliswe. Ukuba ungumzali onamafestile efestile eneefestile eziyimpumlo, cinga ukubeka endaweni yefestile engenakunqanda okanye olunye uhlobo lwezonyango lwangaphandle olungenalo intambo yaluphi uhlobo.
Imithombo:
Bridget Onders, uEun Hye Kim, uThitphalak Chounthirath, uNichole uL. Hodges, uGary A.Smith. (2017, Disemba) Ukulimala kwezilwanyana ezinxulumene neefowuni eziziimfama, ii-Shades, kunye neentambo. Iipediatrics, e20172359; I-DOI: 10.1542 / iipeds.2017-2359
Ifowuni yokuGcina iCord Information Centre. (2017). Abantwana kunye neentambo abazihlanganisi. IKhomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi baseUnited StatesIfunyenwe kwi-https: //www.cpsc.gov/Safety-Education/Safety-Education-Centers/Window-Covering