Umbuzo weveki
Ekhokelela kwimibuzo yetyhefu, bahlala bebeka uluhlu njengokuba baphila okanye bachithe ixesha elide kwikhaya elakhiwe ngaphambi kowe-1950 okanye ukuba lakhiwe ngaphambi kowe-1978 kwaye lilungiswa njengemingcipheko yomntwana obangela ukutyhefuza. Kutheni ukungafani? Ukuba ndihlala kwindlu eyakhiwe ngaphambi kowe-1978 kwaye ayinakulungiswa kwakhona, ngaba abantwana bam basengozini yokukhokela umtyhefu?
Kuyaxhomekeka.
Paint Lead
Inkokeli yinto enzima esetyenziswe ixesha elide.
Ukususela kumabhobho kunye nemibhobho yamanzi kwiziqholo kunye nopende, ukhokelo lusetyenziswe ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Kwaye, inkokheli yongezwa kwigesi kuma-1920 ukuphakamisa izinga le-octane, okwenza kube ngcono.
Kodwa kutheni kukhokelela ekukhopheni?
Inkokeli ingasetyenziselwa njenge-pigment. Inkokheli ye-carbonate, umzekelo, upende omhlophe owenziwe kwi-lead, iviniga, ne-carbon dioxide, kwaye wayesebenzise ukupenda i-White House. Kwakusetyenziswe kwakhona kwipeyinti yeoli ye-classical yaseYurophu.
Ipeyinti yekhokelo ingenziwa nakweminye imibala kwaye ihlala ikhuselekile kwaye iyanqandwa ngamanzi.
Ngelishwa, ukukhokela kuyingozi.
Inkokeli iye yaphazamisa kwaye ibetyukisa abantu ixesha elide lisetyenzisiweyo.
Njengeli binzana elithi 'lihlanya njengentshaba,' elalibangelwa yi-mercury toxicity, enye, 'idenge njengomdwebi,' ibhekiswe kwimiphumo ebuhlungu yokukhokela kwipende.
Imigaqo yePaint Paint
Imithetho yokuqala malunga nepeyinti yokuphambili yenziwe ngowe-1950.
Le mithetho yakuqala yayivalwe ipeyinti yokuphambili kwezinye iidolophu.
Ngomnyaka we-1971, uMthetho woThintelo loTywala oPhezulu olususela kwi-Lead-Based Based Poisoning Prevention Act (LBPPPA).
Imithetho ukususela ngo-1971 ukuya ku-1973 nayo yanciphisa umxholo ovumelekileyo wokupenda.
Inkokeli ekugqibeleni yayivalwe ekusebenziseni kwipende yangaphakathi nangaphandle kwipende ye-1978 yiKhomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi.
Izilungiso kwi-LBPPPA ngo-1973, ngo-1987 no-1992 zasebenza ngakumbi ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokuba abantwana baya kuba neetyhefu ngepende ekhokelayo.
Iingozi zoPhuhliso lwePaint
Ukuba indlu yakho yakhiwa emva kowe-1950 kwaye awuyikuyibuyisela kwakhona, mhlawumbi loo nto yayingeke ibe yinto ebalulekileyo yengozi kwenye ikhaya eliye lahlaziywa.
Nangona amakhaya awakhiwe ngaphambi kowe-1950 kunye nemizi eyakhiwe phakathi kowe-1950 no-1978 kungenzeka ukuba bonke baholele ipeyinti kuwo, yimizi endala kakhulu eyona mngcipheko omkhulu. Kungenxa yokuba ikhaya elidala linokuthi liye lahleka, lenze iipuphu zepende kunye nodongwe olunokukhokelela olunokuthi lugonywe ngabantwana abancinci. Kwaye ukugxinwa kwepende kumakhaya akhiwe ngaphambi kowe-1950 kunokwenzeka ukuba kuphakamileyo kunendlu entsha endala.
Umntwana wakho usenokuba mngciphekweni ukuba indlu yakho yakhiwe phakathi kuka-1950 no-1978 nangona kunjalo.
Xa ulungisa kwakhona enye yale mizi, ngokufaka ekwindlini elitsha, ukucima ipeyinti, okanye ukudiliza udonga, njl., Unokuphazamisa upende wesikhokelo kwaye unokubeka umngcipheko wakho kumngcipheko wokutyhefuza. Ngoko ngokwe-American Academy of Pediatrics, umntwana wakho kufuneka ahlolwe ukutyhefuza "ukuba bahlala okanye bavakashele rhoqo indawo yokuhlala okanye indlu yokunakekela abantwana eyakhiwe ngaphambi kowe-1978 okhoyo okanye usanda kulungiswa okanye ukulungiswa kwakhona (kwiinyanga ezi-6 zokugqibela ). "
Iingcipheko zoLuntu kwiiNdala eziMakhaya
Ukongezelela ukukhombisa upende, amakhaya amadala angaphinda afake abantwana abasengozini ngenxa yokupasa kwamanzi okudala, okubangela ukuba amanqanaba aphezulu aphezulu aqhube amanzi. Ngokutsho kwe-EPA, i-lead "yayisetyenziswe kwimigangatho yesevisi yamanzi kunye nezinto zokupaka iimpahla zamakhaya," kubandakanywa nemibhobho yokukhokelela, ukulungiswa, kunye ne-solder kude kube ngo-1986.
Kodwa akuzona nje izindlu ezindala ezibeka abantwana engozini.
Izikolo ezindala zinokubeka abantwana besengozini.
Kwaye ngokumangalisa ukuba izinto zokufakelwa ngokusemthethweni kumakhaya amatsha ezakhelwe kude kube ngowama-2014 zingenziwa ngo-8%. Lwencitshiswe libe yi-0.25% kuphela ngoMthetho we-Water Drinking Safe ngo-2014.
Ngaba Ikhaya Lakho Likhuselekile?
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana bakho bakhuselekile kwipeyinti ekhokelayo, ukuba uhlala kwindlu edala okanye indlu, eyakhiwa ngaphambi kowe-1978, kufuneka ufumane ukuhlolwa kwepeyinti yokuphambili okanye ukuhlolwa kweengozi yokupenda kwipende.
Ikontraka yakho okanye uchwepheshe okhokelayo unokunceda ugcine ukhuseleko lwakho lwentsapho xa ulungise ikhaya lakho elidala.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba abantwana basenokuba mngciphekweni wokutyhefuza xa bedlala emhlabathini malunga nekhaya elidala elingascoliswa ngepende ekhokelayo. Unokunciphisa umngcipheko ngokungavumeli abantwana bakho badlale kwindawo yokungcola malunga nekhaya lakho kwaye bahlambe izandla zabo ngokukhawuleza xa besenza.
Eminye ingozi yetshefu ekhokelayo abazali abahlala bayigqala ingabandakanya:
- ukuba nomzali okanye ilungu lentsapho elinomsebenzi okanye umdlalo osebenzisa isisombululo (ukwenza ubumbi kunye neglasi engcolileyo)
- usebenzisa ezinye izilwanyana, ezifana ne-greta ne-azarcon
- usebenzisa i-cookware edala, kunye nezinye izinto zokudlala, ikhandlela kunye nezimonyo
Ukongezelela ekuhlolweni nasekuhloliseni abantwana bakho ukuba bangengozi ephezulu, amanye amanyathelo onokuwuthatha ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wokutyhefuza inokubandakanya:
- Mphazamise umntwana wakho ekuhlaleni aze adle izinto ezingezona ukutya (pica), ezifana nokuthunga kunye neepende zepende.
- Ukusebenzisa ibhocet imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amanzi abandayo ukupheka, ukusela okanye ukulungiselela ifomula yabantwana (oku kunokukunceda ukukhupha umkhokelo onokuyakhela kumanzi ahleliyo).
- Gcina umntwana wakho enempilo kwaye anondle kakuhle, ekubeni ukungondleki kakhulu ngumngcipheko wokutyhefuza.
- Geza izandla zomntwana emva kokuba udlala ngaphandle, ngakumbi ukuba udlala ngothuli.
Imithombo:
EPA. Ukuqonda ukuVavanywa, UkuVavanywa koMngcipheko kunye nokuThumela.