Yimeko efanayo. Umzali uletha umntwana kwiofisi yegqirha kwi-physical year, kwaye umboneleli wezempilo unika isincomo sokufumana isitofu.
"Ngaba kuyadingeka esikolweni?" Umzali uyabuza. "Ukuba akunjalo, siya kuthi sidlule."
Mhlawumbi ba kha wuleza. Okanye mhlawumbi banqikaza ukuhlawula nayiphi na into efunekayo. Kodwa izitofu "ezicetyiswayo" zisenokwenyama -nangona ukuba zingagunyaziwe?
Kukho udideko oluneenxa Kodwa ukuqonda ukwahlukana kubalulekile ekukhuseleni impilo kunye nokukhuseleko kwakho kunye nosapho lwakho. Nakhu okufuneka ukwazi.
Ngubani obeka i-Vaccine iziphakamiso?
Kunyaka ngamnye, amaziko okuLawula nokuLawulwa kwezifo (CDC) ashicilela ishedyuli yokugonywa kwelo lonke ilizwe. Le shedyuli ihlanganiswa yiphaneli leengcali ezi-15 ezibizwa ngokuba yiKomidi eliPhakamisayo leMigangatho yokuViliswa (ACIP). Amalungu eepaneli anokufumana amava empilo yoluntu nakwiindawo zonyango, njengabagqirha, abaphandi kunye neengcali zesifo, kubandakanywa nommeli woluntu onokunika imbono kwimibandela yentlalo yokugonywa.
Le shedyuli injongo yokubonelela ngenani eliphezulu lokukhusela ngokukhuselekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba wonke umntu, ngokuqala ngesitofu sokuqala esinikwe ngosuku ozalwa ngalo.
Ishedyuli ihlukaniswe ngamaxesha. Umzekelo, i-ACIP icebisa ukuba okuqhelekileyo, abaneminyaka enempilo eneminyaka eli-11 kufuneka bafumane ezine zitofu ngaloo nyaka ukukhusela kwi-meningitis, i-Cancers ehlobene ne-HPV, ukukhwehlela , kunye nomkhuhlane.
Le shedyuli ihlaziywa qho ngonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuba isoloko isekelwe kwiphando ephezulu ngokuphathelele ukhuseleko lokugonya nokusebenza.
Isetyenziswe ngabaqeqeshi bezobugqirha kwilizwe lonke ukugonya izigulane, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha oorhulumente karhulumente ukuchonga ukuba zeziphi iigcino ezifunekayo ezikolweni.
IiNtsholongwane ezisemthethweni
Izigulane ezifunekayo ezikolweni, urhulumente ngamnye wenza uluhlu lwazo iigcino ezifunwa ngabafundi ngaphambi kokungena amabakala athile okanye ngeminyaka ethile, okanye abayi kuvunyelwa ukuya esikolweni. Ngenxa yoko, izigunyaziso zokugonywa ziyahlukahluka kulo lonke ilizwe. Abafundi baseKansas City, eMissouri banokufuneka babe ne-dose enye yokugonya kwe-meningococcal kwifayile ngaphambi kokuba baqale ibanga lesi-8, ngoxa abamelwane babo eKansas City, eKansas bengabikho.
Zingaphi kaninzi kwezi shedyuli zivavanywa okanye zihlaziywa nazo ziyahluka. Ngenxa yokuba ezinye iintlanganiso zomthetho zihlangana kanye kuphela kwiminyaka emibili, iintsholongwane ezitsha ezicetyiswa yi-CDC zingathatha iminyaka ukuba zongezwe-xa zikhona.
Ngubani ophakathi korhulumente karhulumente anquma ukuba zeziphi iigcino ezifunekayo ziyahlukahluka ngurhulumente. Amanye amazwe angadlulisa umthetho ukuba agunyaze izitofu zabafundi abathile, ngelixa abanye banokuthi ukuba iSebe lezeMpilo lombuso ligqibe ukuba yiyiphi imfuneko efunekayo esikolweni. Njenge-ACIP, ezi ziqumrhu zixhomekeke ekuphandeni ukuba zikhokele ukuba zeziphi iigcino ezibandakanyekayo, kodwa ezinye izinto ezinokuthi zithathelwe ingqalelo-njengezobupolitiko, iinkqubo zenkcubeko, okanye ukuqhuba.
Umzekelo, umgomo wokugonya umkhuhlane uphakanyiswa yi-CDC rhoqo ngonyaka ukulungelelanisa neentsholongwane ezitshintshayo ezijikeleza ixesha ngalinye lomkhuhlane. Kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngamnye umfundi ufumene umkhuhlane wakhe udutshulwa ngamnye unyaka wesikolo uya kuba ngumsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu ngabahlengikazi besikolo, kwaye akunakucingelwa ukuba ulungelelaniswa noorhulumente karhulumente.
Amazwe angaphinda afune izitofu zamanye amaqela, njengabafundi beekholeji okanye abasebenzi bezononophelo zabantwana, kunye nemibutho eyahlukeneyo kunye neenkampani zinokufuna izigulana zabasebenzi babo, njengezibhedlele ezifuna abasebenzi ukuba bagonywe ukulwa nesifo sofuba.
Isigonyane esilindelekileyo sokulwa neNtsholongwane
Ingcamango "yokugonywa ngunyanzeliso" iyisabisa kwaye inogonyamelo.
Kodwa ngoxa zonke iingxaki zabantwana zibethelwa phantsi kwamagosa karhulumente ngelixa abazali babo bengenakunqabisa ukukhalazela ngokuqinisekileyo bayanyanzelisa-inyaniso yinto encinci kakhulu.
Zonke iindawo ezingama-50 zineemfuno zokugonya kubantwana, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba abantwana bayanyanzelwa ukuba bagonywe. Iimfuno zilinganiselwe kulabo abaya esikolweni, kwaye nangona kunjalo, abazali abafuni ukugoma banokukhetha.
Kuzo zonke iindawo, abantwana abangenakufumana izigulane ngezizathu zonyango-ezifana nokuguquka okanye ukunyuka kwelanga-banokufumana izibonelelo zonyango kwiimfuno zokugonya. Kwaye kuzo zonke izinto ezintathu-eCalifornia, Mississippi, nabazali base-West Virginia-abazali banako ukuphuma ngaphandle kwezonyango ngenxa yezizathu ezingezonyango, ezifana nezichaso zenkolo zokugonya. Kwamanye amazwe, inkqubo yokufumana ukuxolelwa ngaphandle kwezobonyango kumntwana kulula nje ngokuba usayine ifomu. Iinkqubo ezinzima kakhulu zibandakanya abazali abafumana imodyuli yemfundo okanye ukucebisa ngugqirha kwiingozi kunye neenzuzo zokugonywa ngaphambi kokuba bafumane ukuxolelwa. Kwaye nangona kungenjalo kusenokuba yinto enomdla kakhulu okanye enokwenene kubazali, abantwana abahlala emakhaya baxolelwa kwiimfuno zokugonya zesikolo, nazo.
Nangona ngala mathuba okuphuma kwiigcini, nangona kunjalo, kuphela iipesenti ezi-2 zabafundi ngokwenene.
Ukubaluleka kweziNconywa eziNconywayo
Nangona iifama ziyaqhubeka nokwandisa iimfuno zokugonywa kwesikolo, azange ziphelele-kwaye kungenjalo njengendlela yokukhusela-njengoko ishedyuli ephakanyisiweyo yenziwe ngu-CDC.
Ngokomzekelo, ngelixa amaninzi amazwe afuna i-meningococcal kunye ne-pertussis-okanye "ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela" -ukuxhomekeka kwabafundi abasebantwaneni, iimbini kuphela zifuna i-HPV yokugonya, kwaye akukho nanye ifoni idinga umkhuhlane. Oku kunjalo nangona i-influenza ne-HPV zibulala abantu abaninzi eMelika.
Ngokombiko weYunivesithi yaseTexas I-Anderson I-Cancer Centre e-Houston, nje ezintathu zeesifo ezinomdlavuza ezinxulumene ne-HPV zibulala abantu abangama-7 000 ngonyaka e-United States, xa kuthelekiswa nama-500 ukusuka kwi-meningitis ne-pertussis. Zobabini zilubala xa kuthelekiswa nokufa kwabantu abayi-12 000-56,000 kubangelwa ngonyaka ngomkhuhlane. Yingakho ishedyuli ye-CDC icebisa izitofu ngokubhekiselele kuzo zonke ezine zezi zifo kubantu abaselula kwiminyaka eyi-11 ukuya kwe-12. Zibaluleke ngokufanayo emehlweni e-ACIP ukukhusela impilo yabantwana abaselula, kodwa akuyiyo yonke into efunekayo esikolweni.
Ukuba isitofu sokugonywa asiyonto imfuneko ukuba wonke umntu athathe, i-ACIP ineendlela zokubonisa ukuba ukhetho olungakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, ikomiti yanikezela ukugonya kwe-meningococcal B "ukuphuculwa kwesikhashana" ngo-2015, ngokuyishiye ukushiya kubaboneleli bezempilo ukuba bathathe isigqibo malunga nezigulane ukuba isitofu sokugonya sifanelekile kwimeko yimeko.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Eyona nto: Imfuno yokugoma i-vaccine yimiqathango encinci. Ngenxa yokuba ishedyuli ephakanyisiwe iphelele, abo bayilandelayo abayi kuba neengxaki zokuhlangabezana neemfuno zesikolo okanye umsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana kuphela okufunekayo kuya kukushiya usengozini ekukhuseleni-kunye nokusuleleka okusulelayo.
> Imithombo:
> Ashrawi D, Javaid M, Stevens L, uBello R, uRamondetta L. IYunivesithi yaseTexas I-Anderson ICancer Centre. I-HPV Vaccine Uptake eTexas Izifo zoNonophelo lweZonyango:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Ishedyuli yokuNgcotshwa kwabantwana kunye nabantwana abakwishumi eli-18 ubudala okanye abatsha, iUnited States, ngo-2017.
> I-Action Coalition Yokugonywa. Ulwazi loMbuso.
> Inkomfa yeSizwe yeeNqununu zeSizwe. Amazwe kunye neNkolo okanye iNkcazo yokuXhoxiswa kweeNkxaso zeZikolo eziNgciniweyo.