Ngokubhekiselele ekuphuhlisweni komntu, igama elithi "isizinda" libhekisela kwiinkalo ezithile zokukhula kunye noshintsho. Imiba emikhulu yophuhliso ibandakanya uluntu-lwengqondo, ngokomzimba , ulwimi kunye nengqiqo.
Abantwana bavame ukufumana utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwaye olucacileyo kwidilesi enye ngexesha, ngoko kubonakala ngathi i-domain ethile yedwa efumana utshintsho yophuhliso ngexesha elithile lobomi.
Enyanisweni, kunjalo, utshintsho ngokuqhelekileyo lwenzeka nakwezinye iindawo kodwa lenzeke ngokuthe gqolo kwaye lube lukhulu kakhulu.
Zemvelo
I-domain domain ihlanganisa ukuphuhliswa kweenguqu zenyama, ukukhula ngobukhulu kunye namandla, kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezakhono zombini kunye nezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi. Esi sizinda siquka ukuphuhliswa kweengqondo nokuzisebenzisa. Ukuphuhliswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunokuchaphazeleka ngokutya kunye nokugula.
Ingqiqo
Esi sizinda siquka ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kunye nobuchule. Abantwana bahlakulela ukukwazi ukucwangcisa iingcinga, balawule, bahlakulele imemori, baqonde ingqonge yabo, benze kwaye baphumelele izicwangciso baze bafezekise. Ubugcisa bubonakaliswe. UJean Piaget ukhankanywe ngamanqanaba amahlanu okuphuhliswa kwengqondo: inqanaba lesisombululo ukusuka ekuzalweni ukuya ku-2 ubudala, isigaba sokuqala ukusebenza ukususela kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-6, isigaba sokusebenza sekhonkco ukususela kwi-7 ukuya kwe-11 ubudala, kunye nesigaba sokusebenza esisemthethweni ukususela kwiminyaka yobudala ukuya kwi-12 ubudala.
Uluntu-lwengqondo
Esi sizinda siquka ukukhula komntwana ekuqondeni nasekulawuleni iimvakalelo zabo. Baphinde babone oko abanye bakuvakalelwa. Umntwana uhlakulela abanye kunye nokufunda indlela yokusebenzisana nabo. Bahlakulela amandla okubambisana, babonise uvelwano, basebenzise ukuqiqa ngokuziphatha.
Abantwana kunye nabantwana abaselula bayakha ubudlelwane obuninzi, kubazali kunye nabantakwabo, oontanga, ootitshala, abaqeqeshi kunye nabanye kuluntu. Abantwana bahlakulela ulwazi kunye nendlela abachonga ngayo amaqela ahlukeneyo. Ubungqina babo buya kudlala.
ULwimi
Ukuphuhlisa ulwimi kuxhomekeke kwezinye iindawo eziphuhlisayo. Ukukwazi ukuthetha nabanye kukhula ukususela ekusaneni. Iinjongo zolwimi zibandakanya iifowuni (ukudala izandi zentetho), i-syntax (igrama - indlela izivakalisi ezihlanganiswa ngayo), i-semantics (yintoni na amagama athetha), kunye ne-pragmatics (ukuthetha kwiimeko zoluntu ngokubini nangomlomo). Abantwana bahlakulela ezi buchule kwiirhafu ezahlukeneyo.
Uphuhliso lweZakhiwo kwiMinyaka emibini
Ngokomzekelo, i-tweight ibonisa ukuphuhliswa okukhulu kwi-domain-emotion domain njengoko oonontanga beyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu ebomini babo kwaye bafunda indlela yokwenza ubuhlobo besikhathi eside . Abazali baqaphela ukunyuka okukhulu kwezakhono zentlalo ngeli xesha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphuhliswa kolwimi kungundoqo phakathi kwexesha eliphakathi kweminyaka; ukwanda okwenziwe ukuphuhliswa kolwimi kwenzeka ngaphambili kwimpilo. Sekunjalo, uphuhliso lweelwimi luqhubeka luqhubeka phakathi neminyaka emibini.
Ngokomzekelo, aba-12 bafumana isigama esitsha kunye nokuphucula isivinini kunye nokuqonda xa befunda.
Kukho konke, ukuphuhlisa kwimimandla ethile kunokubonakala kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimigangatho ezithile zobomi, kodwa abantwana basoloko befumana ubuninzi beenguqu kuzo zonke iindawo. Ngaloo ndlela, uphuhliso luyinkqubo ehlukeneyo enokubandakanya ukukhula, ukuguqulwa, nokutshintsha kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo.
Umthombo:
Berger, Kathleen. Umntu ophuhlisayo ngokuPhila. 2008. I-7 Edition. ENew York: Ixabiso.