Iingxaki Zokuba Iingxaki Zomfazi

1 -

Yintoni Ebangelwa Izibilini Zesifazana?

Phakathi kwe-10 ne-15% yezibini ziya kubakho ukungena. Oku kuthetha ukuba abayi kuzala emva komnyaka omnye wokuzama. Kule mibini engatshatanga, malunga nesithathu kwisithathu iza kufumana iingxaki zokuzala kwinqanaba lomfazi, enye yesithathu iya kufumana ingxaki kwicala lomntu, kwaye abanye bayakufumana iingxaki kumacala omabini okanye bafumane ukuxilongwa kokungafumaneki.

Yintoni ebangela ukuba abantwana bangabi nantlungu?

Ngendlela elula kakhulu, ukungabikho kwentombi kubakho xa kwenzeka enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo ...

• Into ehamba kakubi nge-ovulation
• Into ekhusela iqanda kunye nesidoda ekuhlanganisweni
• Into evimbela umbungu onempilo ukuba ungadalwa (Oku kungabangela iingxaki kwicala.)
• Into ekhusela ukufakelwa kwempilo embryo

Yintoni enokubangela iingxaki ezinokuthi zivelise? Izifo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, iimeko kunye neemeko.

Nazi izizathu ezi-8 ezibangelwa ukungabikho komntwana, kunye nempawu zabo eziqhelekileyo, indlela abachaphazela ngayo ukuzala, kunye nokhetho lokunyanga.

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I-Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (i-PCOS)

Mhlawumbi uye waziva nge-polycystic ovarian syndrome (i-PCOS.) I-PCOS yimbangela eqhelekileyo yokungabikho komntwana kwaye ichaphazela ukuqikelelwa kwe-8% yabasetyhini.

Abasetyhini abane-PCOS banokuba namazinga aphezulu kunye nama-hormone "angamadoda". Oku kunokukhokelela iingxaki nge-acne kunye nokukhula kweenwele ezingafunekiyo.

Abaninzi kodwa abafazi bonke abane-PCOS balwa nobunzima babo. Basenokuthi bafumane ukuxhatshazwa kwe-insulin.

Ngophando lwe-ultrasound, ii-ovaries zabasetyhini abane-PCOS zingabonisa iintambo ezincinane ezinjenge-pearl.

• Oko Kufuneka Ukwazi Nge-PCOS

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo : izijikelezo ezingekho phantsi okanye ezingekho kwiinyanga, i-acne, isikhumba esinamafutha, ukukhula kweenwele ezingavamile kunye nokunyanya.

Indlela i-PCOS ibangela ngayo iingxaki zokuzala : i-PCOS ibangela ukugqithisa okungaqhelekiyo. Abanye abesifazana abane-PCOS abayi kuphelisa. Ukungalingani kwe-hormonal kwandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu.

Unyango oluqhelekileyo : Uninzi lwabasetyhini abane-PCOS luya kunyangwa ngamachiza okuqala okuzala okunjenge- Clomid okanye i- Femera (letrozole.) Ukuba le nto ayiphumelelanga, izidakamizwa ezinamandla zokuzala ezifana ne- gonadotropins zinokuzama ukulandela .

Ukuba akukho nanye yalezi zinto, i- IVF ingahlolwa emva koko.

Ukuba ukuxhatshazwa kwe-insulin kukhoyo, unyango nge-diabetes ye- metformin inokucetyiswa ngaphambi kokuba unyango lweziyobisi luqalise.

Iingcebiso zendlela yokuphila zingabandakanya ukulahleka kwesisindo, ukuzivocavoca rhoqo, kunye noshintsho lokutya.

• Indlela Yokufumana Isibeleko Nge-PCOS

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Endometriosis

Kuqikelelwa ukuba 1 kwabasetyhini aba-10 bahlushwa yi-endometriosis. Ngenxa yokuba ukuxilongwa kuyinkimbinkimbi - ayinakufunyanwa ngokuvavanywa kwegazi okanye i-ultrasound - abaninzi besetyhini bahluphekile.

Ukuqonda i-endometriosis, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba yintoni i-endometrium. I-endometrium yimizimba eline-uterus. Iyakhula kwaye ikhule yonke imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini, ilungiselela isibeleko sombungu.

Ukuba ukukhulelwa kungenzeki, i-endometrium iyahla, ishiya umzimba wakho ngokuya esikhathini.

I-Endometriosis xa i-endometrium ikhula ngaphandle kwesibeletho. (Oku akufanele kwenzeke.) Bangase bafake eduze kwee-ovari kunye nama-tublopian tubes, malunga ne-urinary kunye nesisu, kunye nakwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kwimiphunga.

Iimali zokugcina i-endometrial zingabangela intlungu kunye nokungabikho.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo : ukuya esikhathini, ubuhlungu be-pelvic ngexesha lokuya esikhathini, kunye nentlungu ngexesha lokuxhatshazwa kunye / okanye ukucoka, ingakumbi ngexesha lakho.

Nangona kunjalo, abanye abasetyhini abanakho iimpawu ezicacileyo ze-endometriosis . Isayina kuphela into ephosakeleyo ingaba yintsapho.

Indlela i-endometriosis ibangela ngayo iingxaki zokuzala : i-endometrial deposits ingawuthintela iqanda ukusuka ekufikeleleni kumathambo angama-fallopian. I-Endometriosis inokubangela iingxaki nge-ovulation, ingakumbi ukuba i-cyometri ye-endometrial ifom e-ovari.

Nangona iibhubhu ze-fallopian zicacile kwaye i-ovulation eyenzekayo, ukuvuvukala okubangelwa yi-endometriosis kunokuphazamisa ukufakelwa kwempilo embindi. Akukho nto malunga ne-endometriosis kunye nokuzala okuqondakalayo.

• Oko Kufuneka Ukwazi Nge-Endometriosis
• Imibuzo: Ngaba usengozini ye-Endometriosis?

Unyango oluqhelekileyo : unyango luxhomekeka kwindlela ekugqithise ngayo i-endometriosis. (Ngendlela, intlungu ayiyona ingqiqo echanekileyo yobunzima. Unokuba ne-endometriosis enobunzima obuhlungu, okanye i-endometriosis enamandla engenazo iintlungu zentlungu.)

Ukutshatyalaliswa kokutshitshiswa kwe-deposometer deposits kunokucetyiswa ngaphambi kokuba unyango lwenzululwazi lwenziwe.

Ukuba kukho iingxaki nge-ovulation, iziyobisi ezinokuzala zizakuzama. Ukuba ama-tublopian tubes avaliwe, unyango lwe-IVF lungadingeka .

Indlela yokuphila iguquka njengokutya kunye nokuzilolonga kunokucetyiswa ukunceda ukujamelana nentlungu, kodwa kukho ubungqina obuncinane obuya kunceda ekukhulelwe.

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Ukungafihli

Akukho zizathu zonke zokungabikho kwesifo isifo okanye imeko engavumelekanga. Ukuguga okunempilo yimbangela eqhelekileyo yokungabikho komntwana.

Ngoxa amadoda namabhinqa banciphise ukuzala njengoko bekhula, le ncitshiseko ibonakala ngakumbi kubasetyhini.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo : ukungabikho kwexesha elidlulileyo kunaloo mpawu.

Iingxaki zokufumana ukungabikho komntwana ziqala ukwandisa kakhulu unyaka ngamnye ukususela kwiminyaka engama-35 kwaye zenzeke ngakumbi emva kwe-40.

Abanye abafazi baya kuba neempawu, eziquka ukutshintsha kwimihla (ukuphuma kwegazi kuya kukhanya), imijikelezo engavumelekile, kunye nokomama okwesisu (ukunciphisa umlomo wesibeletho).

Ziziphi iimeko ezinobangela iingxaki zokuzala : nokuba ngaba uhamba ngeqanda, umgangatho weqanda uhla xa usudala. Yingakho abasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 basengozini enkulu yokufumana isisu okanye ukuba nomntwana onesifo somzimba.

Abanye abesifazana baya kuba namava okungaqhelekanga, ngaphezu kokunciphisa umgangatho weqanda.

• Yintoni Enzima Ukufumana Isibeleko Emva kwe-35?

Unyango oluqhelekileyo : oku kuyahluka kakhulu. Amanye amabhinqa aya kuba nako ukukhulelwa ngoncedo lwezonyango ezisezantsi ezinjengeClomid. Abanye baya kufuna izidakamizwa ezinamandla ngakumbi kwaye mhlawumbi i-IVF.

Isithintelo esikhulu ngokusweleka kwexesha elidala kukuthi ukunyanga iziyobisi akunakwenzeka.

Ngokomzekelo, ngelixa i-IVF yokuphumelela kwimilinganiselo yeminyaka engama-31 ubudala i-38%, izinga lempumelelo kumlinganiselo oneminyaka engama-43 ubudala li-10% kuphela.

• Ziziphi iirhafu ze-IVF?

Oku kungenxa yokunciphisa ama-ovarian reserves . Abanye abafazi baya kufuna iqanda okanye umnikeli wombindi ukukhulelwa.

• Izinto ezi-7 ozoziwayo ukuba uzama ukuqonda emva kwe-35

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I-Thyroid Dysfunction

I-thyroid iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-endocrine. Ifumaneka phambi kwentamo kunye nje ngaphezu kwekhollarbone yakho, igciwane le-thyroid lisebenzisa i-iodine ukuvelisa amahomoni e-thyroid. Ezi ihommoni zilawula amandla kunye ne-metabolism kuwo wonke umzimba.

I-Hypothyroidism yilapho i-thyroid gland ingavelisi ngokwaneleyo kwezi hormone. I-Hyperthyroidism (eyona nto ibangelwa yinto eyaziwa ngokuba yiziNgcwaba zeNgcwaba) xa i-gland ikhiqiza i-hormone ye-thyroid.

Nangona i-thyroid gland ayinxalenye yenkqubo yokuzala, i-hormones elawulayo ingaba nefuthe ekuzaleni kwakho.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo : i-hypothyroidism, ukukhathala, ukufumana ubunzima, rhoqo ukuziva kubanda, kunye nokuxinezeleka ziyimpawu eziqhelekileyo.

Kwi-hyperthyroidism, ukuxhalaba, ukulula, ukukhathala, ukulala, kunye nokulahleka okungaqhelekanga kunokwenzeka.

• Iimpawu zeCroroid Disorder

Abasetyhini abaneengxaki ze-thyroid bangaba nexesha elingavumelekanga.

Indlela i-thyroid eyenzeka ngayo ingabangela ukuba iingxaki zokuzala : nokuba unayo i-thyroid okanye ngaphantsi kwe-thyroid, nokuba imeko ingaholeleka kwi-ovulation engavumelekanga. Oku kunokubangela ingxaki ngokukhulelwa.

Abo baneengxaki ze-thyroid ezingapheliyo nazo zisengozini enkulu yokukhulelwa kwesisu kunye nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa (ukuba bayakhulelwa.)

Abafazi abaneentsholongwane ze-thyroid banokubangelwa ingozi yokufumana ezinye izifo zokuzala, ngokugqithiseleyo i-endometriosis.

Unyango oluqhelekileyo : ngokungakhathaliseki ukuba akukho zengxaki ezongezelelweyo zokuzala, ukuxilongwa, kunye nonyango lweengxaki ze-thyroid ziya kulawula ukuhamba kwimizi kubhinqa abaninzi.

Emva kokuba i-hormone yazo ilawulwa, iyakwazi ukukhulelwa ngokwabo.

6 -

Ukunyanya

Ukunyanyiswa yiyona nto ibangelwa yintsholongwane engakhuselekanga kumadoda nabasetyhini.

Ngokwe-American Society of Medicine Reproductive, i-6% yabasetyhini abangenabantwana abangenabantwana abangenabantwana abangakwazi ukukhulelwa bengakwazi ukukhulelwa ngenxa yokukhuluphala.

Kwezinye iimeko, ukunyamezeka kukubangelwa ukungalingani kwe-hormonal. Ngokomzekelo, zombini i-PCOS (ngokukodwa ngokuxhatshazwa kwe-insulin) kunye ne-hypothyroidism kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zongxaki.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo : izijikelezo ezingaqhelekanga, ixesha elide ngokungaqhelekanga, kunye negazi elininzi ngexesha lokuya esikhathini. Abanye abasetyhini banokuthi bayeke ukuhamba. Abanye abafazi baya kuba nokukhula kweenwele ezingavamile.

Ubunzima bunjani obangela iingxaki zokuzala : iiseli ezinamafutha zidlala indima kwimimiselo ye-hormonal. Xa kukho iininzi ezininzi zeoli, umzimba uvelisa i-estrogen engaphezulu.

Oku kuchaphazela inkqubo yokuzala. I-estrogen kakhulu inokubonisa ukuba inkqubo yokuzala ivalwe, iholele kwiingxaki zokuvuthwa.

Ukuvuthwa okungaqhelekiyo okanye ukugcoba kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukukhulelwa kwabesetyhini.

• Kutheni Ubhala Bakho Ubunzima Ukuba Uzama Ukuqonda

Unyango oluqhelekileyo : ukulahleka kwesisindo ngokutya kunye nokuzilolonga ngonyango osebenzayo wokunyamekela ukunyamezela.

Ngaphezu kwe-70% yabasetyhini abagqithisileyo abathintela ubunzima babo kumgangatho ophilileyo baya kuba nemizimba yabo ngaphandle kokunyanga.

Ukuba kukho ukungalingani kwe-hormonal ebangela ukufumana isisindo esingaqhelekanga okanye ukwenza ubunzima obuqhelekileyo bunzima kunzima, oku kufuneka kuphathwe kuqala. Ngaphandle koko, isicwangciso sokulahlekelwa kwesisindo singaphumeleli okanye kunzima kunzima ukufezekisa.

Ukuba kukho ezinye iingxaki zokuzala, ukulahleka kwesisindo akunako okwaneleyo. Kule meko, unyango lwezityalo luyafuneka kwakhona.

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Ukungafezeki kwe-Ovarian engaphambi kokuqala (ukungaphumeleli kwe-Ovarian yangaphambili)

Ukungafihleli kwe-ovarian esesikhatywayo (i-POI) xa ubukhulu kunye nobungakanani beqanda kwii-ovary ziphantsi ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-40. Iyenzeka ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabasetyhini.

I-POI ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi-failure yo-ovarian failure (POF).

Nge-POI, ii-ovari zingaziphenduli kwiziyobisi ezikhulayo ezenza i-ovulation. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukunyanga.

Ezinye izizathu ezibangelwa yi-POI ziquka:

• Iimeko ezibangelwa ngumntwana okanye zomzimba (njengeFragile X)
• Inyango yokuphanda kwiiyunithi
• Ukuxhoma kwe-Toxin (njenge-chemotherapy)
• Akwazanga - oku kunjalo kwininzi yamatyala

I-POI ibonakala ihamba kwiintsapho. Ukuba unyoko okanye ugogo unalo, usengozini.

I-POI nayo ibonakala ihambelana nezifo ezithile ezizimele, kuquka ukukhubazeka kwe-thyroid.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo : izihlandlo ezingekho phantsi okanye ezingekhoyo, ukomama wesisu, ukutshisa okutshisa, ukuguquka kwemizwelo kunye nokulala.

Abanye abafazi abanePPI abanamava ngaphandle kwemvelo.

Indlela i-POI ibangela ngayo iingxaki zokuzala : umgangatho kunye nobungakanani bamaqanda aphantsi. Basenokungabi yi-ovulating nonke, okanye ukuvuthwa kwe-ovulation kungahle kube yintsholongwane. Ukuba i-ovulation iyenzeka, umgangatho weqanda ungasweleka. Oku kunciphisa ubunzima bokukhulelwa.

Abasetyhini abane-POI abanakho nje ukukhulelwa ngokwabo, nabo banakho amathuba okufumana unyango lokunyanga.

• Izikhokelo ze-Ovariya: Yintoni Eyiyo Nento Ethetha Ngayo

Unyango oluqhelekileyo : unyango luxhomekeke kubukhulu bemeko. Kwiimeko ezintle, iziyobisi zonyango, kunye neyeza ze-IVF zingancedisa umfazi ukuba ahlalelwe.

Akunakwenzeka kubasetyhini abanePPO ukukhulelwa ngamaqanda abo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-10% yabasetyhini iza kubakholelwa okanye ngaphandle kokuncediswa kweziyobisi zokuzala.

Ngaloo nto yathi, abaninzi abafazi abane-POI bafuna iqanda okanye umnikeli wombindi.

8 -

Ukuphambi kwexesha / Isikhathi sokuqala seMenuopause

Ukumiswa komzimba kwangaphambi kokuqala komzimba kungukuthi ukuphuma komzimba kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka engama-40.

Kufana noko kodwa akufani nokokungafihleki kwexesha le-ovarian (POI). Nge-POI, usenako ukuvumba, kwaye ukukhulelwa ngamaqanda akho kusenokwenzeka.

Ngethuba lokumiswa kwexesha elide, ukugqitywa kwe-ovulation kuye kwagqitywa. Awukwazi ukukhulelwa ngokwakho okanye ngamaqanda akho.

Ukuqeda umva kwangaphambili kusebenza kwiintsapho. Iyakwenzeka kwakhona emva kokuba unyango (njengokhemotherapy) okanye utyando (njengokwenyuswa kokukhangela ii-ovari.)

Ezinye izifo zofuzo kunye nezifo ezingafihliyo zingakhokelela ekuphumeni kwesisu.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo : ukuhamba kwimizuzu engangangeenyanga ezili-12, ukutshisa okutshisayo, ukunyuka kwesisu, ukuguquka kwemizwelo, kunye nobunzima bokulala.

Ukuqala kwexesha lokusuka kwindoda kubangela iingxaki zokuzala : abafazi ekuqaleni kokuphuma kwesisu abanako ukuvusa. Ngoko ke, abakwazi ukukhulelwa ngamaqanda abo.

Unyango oluqhelekileyo : IVF kunye neqanda okanye umnikeli wombindi yile yonyango kuphela.

Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi akunakusetyenziswa ukuvuselela ama-ovari emva kokuphuma kwesantya.

9 -

Hyperprolactinemia

I-Hyperprolactinemia yinto eqhelekileyo kodwa engaphantsi kwezona ziyaziwayo ezibangelwa ngokungaqhelekanga kubomi besetyhini.

Ngokwe-American Society of Medicine Reproductive, 1 kwaba-3 kwabasetyhini abanamaxesha angaqhelekanga kodwa ngenye indlela ama-ovari anempilo ane-hyperprolactinemia.

Iprolactin iyimodemoni eyenza izibeleko kwaye inceda ukuvelisa ubisi lwebele. Amanqanaba e-prolactin aphezulu ngokwemvelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuncelisa.

I-Hyperprolactinemia yilapho amazinga e-prolactin ephakamileyo, kodwa lona wesifazane akakhulelwe okanye uncelisa.

(Qaphela: Abantu banokufumana i-hyperprolactinemia, kwaye kunokubangela ukuba abantu bangabi nantoni .)

Iziganeko eziqhelekileyo : ukukhutshwa kwamathambo kwiintlobo, izihlandlo ezingekho phantsi okanye ezingekhoyo, ubulili obubuhlungu ngenxa yobume bendoda, ukukhula kweenwele ezingafunekiyo, kunye ne-acne.

Abanye abafazi baya kuba neengxaki zomlomo okanye iingxaki. Abanye abafazi abanalo iimpawu ezibonakalayo.

Indlela i-hyperprolactinemia ibangela iingxaki zokuzala : ngokuqhelekileyo, iprolactin ikhishwa xa ukhulelwe okanye uncelisa.

Ngaphandle kokunceda ukuvelisa ubisi lwebele, amazinga aphakamileyo yeprolactin avimba inkqubo yokuzala. Ngale ndlela, xa unesana lokuncelisa, ungekho amathuba okuba ukhulelwe omnye umntwana.

(Ukunciphisa ngokwemvelo kokuya esikhathini ngexesha lokuncelisa ibele kubizwa ngokuba yi-amenctrhea ye-lactational.)

Nge-hyperprolactinemia, inkqubo yokuzala ikhutshwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esihle. Ukuvuthwa kuya kuba ngumntu ongaqhelekanga okanye ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo, kwaye oku kubangelwa ukungabikho.

Unyango oluqhelekileyo : unyango luxhomekeke kwi-hyperprolactinemia.

Amachiza e-bromocriptine kunye ne-cabergoline aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ekunciphiseni amanqanaba eprolactin kwaye abuyisele i-ovulation rhoqo.

Amanye amayeza angabangela i-hyperprolactinemia. Ukuba le yimeko yakho, ugqirha wakho unokukukhupha kwiyeza.

Abanye abafazi bafumana i-hyperprolactinemia ngenxa yengxaki ye-thyroid. Ukunyangwa kwe-thyroid kufuneka kuphungulwe amanqanaba eprolactin.

• Izinketho ezili-17 zoNyango lweZonyango

_Imithombo:

_{UG.William Bates, MD Ubunzima boBunzima boMzimba: Isizathu esinqandekileyo sokungabikho kokungenzi lutho. https://www.asrm.org/Abnormal_Body_Weight/}

_{Hyperthyroidism. MedlinePlus. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hyperthyroidism.html}

_{Hypothyroidism. MedlinePlus. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000353.htm}

_{Hypothyroidism. MayoClinic. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-infertility/expert-answers/hypothyroidism-and-infertility/faq-20058311}

_{I-Hyperprolactinemia (amanqanaba aphezulu aseprolactin). Ishiti yeenyani. ReproductiveFacts.org. https://www.asrm.org/FACTSHEET_Hyproproctetemia_Prolactin_Excess/}

_{Krassas GE1, Poppe K, Glinoer D. "Umsebenzi we-thyroid kunye nempilo yokuzala komntu." U-Endocr u-2010 Oct; 31 (5): 702-55. i-doi: 10.1210 / er.2009-0041. Epub 2010 Juni 23. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02752.x/full}

_{Ukunqumla kwimiqathango yokunqumla komsebenzi: Ukuqala kwexesha / ukusa kwimihla yokumisa. WomensHealth.gov. http://womenshealth.gov/menopause/early-premature-menopause/}

_{Ukungaphumeleli kwe-Ovarian. MedlinePlus. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/prematureovarianfailure.html}

_{Ukungaphumeleli kwe-Ovarian yangaphambilini (POF). Umbutho waseMelika weMithi yokuzala. https://www.asrm.org/FACTSHEET_Premature_Ovarian_Failure/}

_{Iprolactinoma: Izifo neemeko. MayoClinic.org. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prolactinoma/basics/symptoms/con-20028094}

_{Priya DM1, Akhtar N1, Ahmad J2. "Ubuninzi be-hypothyroidism kwabasetyhini abangenasiphelo kunye nokuvavanywa kwempendulo kwonyango ye-hypothyroidism ekungabikho komntwana." I-Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Jul-Aug; 19 (4): 504-6. i-doi: 10.4103 / 2230-8210.159058. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3657979/}

_{Yuk JS1, Park EJ, Seo YS, Kim HJ, Kwon SY, Park WI. "Izifo zeMangcwaba zihlangene ne-Endometriosis: Isifundo se-3-Based Based Section-Sectional Study." I-Medicine (iBaltimore). Ngo-2016 uMar; 95 (10): e2975. i-doi: 10.1097 / MD.0000000000002975. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26962803}