Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Chaining Teaching Tool

I-Chaining yindlela yokufundisa apho iinqununu ezincinci ziqiniswa ngokulandelelana ukwenzela ukuba umfundi enze iimpawu ezinzima. Ngokomzekelo, ekufundiseni umntwana ukubopha izicathulo, isinyathelo ngasinye, ukususela ekuqiniseni izilwanyana ukwenzela ukuba wenze izingxenye zeqhina, ziya kufundiswa kwaye ziqinisekiswe de kube umntwana akwazi ukwenza umsebenzi opheleleyo.

Imizekelo kubo bonke abafundi

I-Chaining isetyenziswe kwiimeko ezininzi, kubantwana nakubantu abadala.

Nangona icingwa njengesixhobo sokufundisa abantu abaneemfuno ezizodwa , ngokwenene kuyindlela eyaziwayo yokufundisa malunga nayiphi na umsebenzi kunoma yimuphi umntu. I-Chaining ibaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi enezinto ezininzi ezidibeneyo ezimele zilandelwe ngokulandelana ngqo.

Khawucinge uzama ukufundisa umntu ukuba ahlasele iqanda. Cinga ukuba umfundi akanalo ulwazi lokupheka okuyisiseko. Abaqondi indlela yokuqanda iqanda, indlela yokusebenzisa isitofu, okanye indlela yokutya ukutya-ngoko isinyathelo ngasinye somsebenzi kufuneka sichazwe:

1. Thatha iqanda kunye nebhotela kwifriji.
2. Thatha ummese, ifom, kunye nesipuni somthi kwi-drawer ekhitshini.
3. Thatha isitya kwikhabhinethi.
4. Thatha ipani elincinci, elisezantsi phantsi kwesitofu.
5. Sebenzisa ummese ukusika esinye isipuni sesibhotela.
6. Beka ibhotela epanini.
7. Beka ipenki kwisitofu.
8. Vula isitofu ngokushiya ukudayela phakathi.

...kwaye nakanjalo.

Imiyalelo efana nale, enika ukulandelelana-okanye "intambo" -ezenzo ezichanekileyo zinokuba luncedo kumntu opheka okokuqala.

Ngaphandle kweencwadi zokupheka, ezinikeza imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kwinqanaba elithile, unganikeli ngolwazi oluyisiseko malunga nokuba ufuna kuphi izinto eziyimfuneko nendlela yokusebenzisa isisombululo ngasinye ngokuchanekileyo.

Imizekelo yeziZimfuno eziZodwa zabafundi

Iimfuno ezizodwa abantwana kunye nabantu abadala bangadinga ukutyunjwa ukuze bafunde imisebenzi abanye abangayifunda ngokubukela nokuxelisa.

Kusenokwenzeka nokuba ngaba iimeko ezizodwa ezifunayo abafundi abanalo isifiso sangasese sokufunda imisebenzi ethile. Nangona umntu oneminyaka emihlanu ubudala efuna ukufumana ukuzimela ngokubanzi ngokufunda ukukhawuleza i-snaps kunye ne-zippers kwisambatho sakhe, iimfuno ezikhethekileyo ezineminyaka emihlanu ubudala zingaziveki zifuna ukuba "zenze oko ngokwam."

Ukuze ufundise izakhono kwiimfuno ezizodwa zabafundi, utitshala udla ngokufuneka anikezele "abaqinisileyo" ekugqityeni ngokugqibeleleyo "ikhonkco" nganye "kwikhonkco." Abahlaziyili banokudumisa okanye iimbasa abafundi abazithandayo. Ngoko, umzekelo, kwimeko yokukhupha ingubo, utitshala unokucwangcisa ukufundisa izakhono ngokuhamba kwexesha-kwaye uhlawule isinyathelo ngasinye endleleni:

1. Fumana ingubo yakho (umsebenzi omkhulu!)
2. Beka ingubo yakho ngokuzimela (inkwenkwezi yegolide)
3. Yenza i-zipper uze uyikhuphe (uphathwe okhethekileyo)
4. Gqibezela ukulandelelana kwakho ngokwakho ngaphandle kwenkxaso (umvuzo wokugqibela)

Ukusebenzisa ukuCoca ekhaya naseKolweni

Ukuba ukhenketha usebenza kakuhle kwiimfuno ezizodwa zabafundi, kunokusetyenziswa kwiindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ingcamango enhle kubazali nootitshala ukuthetha ngokuchaneka kusetyenziswa kwizicwangciso ezahlukeneyo. Xa umntwana esebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo zokufunda ekhaya nasezikolweni, banokukwazi ukulandela imigaqo ngokukhawuleza kwaye bafumane ngokukhawuleza izakhono ezintsha.

Ukubuyisela emuva

Ngamanye amaxesha ukutshitshiswa kungabandakanyeka kakhulu kumfundi onokukhungatheka okanye ukulahleka ahambe ngokunyuka kwamanyathelo. Kwimeko efana nale, ukulungiswa kwangasemva kungaba yinto efanelekileyo. Kwi-chaining back, umzali okanye ootitshala bagqiba uninzi lwemisebenzi kwinqanawa, okuvumela umntwana ukuba aqedele umsebenzi wokugqibela. Njengoko lo msebenzi wokugqibela uba lula, umntu omdala angaphinda ahlawule kwaye abuye azalise ezinye izinto kwikhonkco.

Ngokomzekelo, ekwenzeni umbhede umntu omdala angenza phantse yonke imisebenzi esuka kwinqanaba lokugqibela-ukubeka umlenze embhedeni-kumntwana.

Njengoko umntwana ekwazi ukugqiba le nyathelo, umntwana unokucelwa ukuba angene kwisinyathelo esilandelayo-sokugqibela ukukhupha umthuthuzi-njalo njalo.

Psychology of Chaining

I-Chaining ithembele kwindlela yokufunda kwi-psychology ebizwa ngokuba yimeko yokusebenza. Isimo sokusebenza, i-brainchild ye-BF Skinner isebenza phantsi kwengqiqo yokuba ukuqonda iingcamango zangaphakathi kunye nefuthe akuyimfuneko ukuqonda ukuziphatha. Kunoko, sinokubangela izizathu zangaphandle zokuziphatha.

Inkqubo yokufunda yokumisela imeko ithi ukufunda kuyaqiniswa (okanye ivinjelwe) ekuphenduleni imivuzo kunye nezohlwayo. Ngokomzekelo, izenzo ezilandelwa ngumbono onamandla (njengegama lokudumisa okanye inkwenkwezi yegolide) inokuphindaphinda. Ngamanye amazwi, kuba ngumphumo wokuziphatha ochaza ukuba umntwana ufunda kunokuba ukhuthaze ngaphakathi.

_Imithombo:

_{Sadock, B., Sadock, V., noP. Ruiz. I-Kaplan ne-Sadock's Synopsis ye-Psychiatry: IiNzululwazi zokuziphatha / iCliniki Psychiatry. 2014.}