Isikhokelo soPhuhliso oluPhambili
Izakhono zamandla ezithinteleyo zingenye yeziganeko ezimangalisayo zonyaka wakho oneminyaka emithathu. Nangona izinga lokukhula komntwana wakho luza kuphuculwa kulo nyaka, nganye iveki inokuletha utshintsho kwizinto anokuzenza kunye noko akuqondayo.
Ngamanye amagama, uya kubona ukuphuhliswa kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Izakhono zombane ezininzi
- Izakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi
- Izakhono zobuchule okanye iingqondo
- Izakhono zobungqina
- Izakhono zentlalo nezengqondo
Oko kwathiwa, ungakhathazeki ukuba umntwana wakho akakwazi ukufezekisa zonke izakhono ezibhalwe ngezantsi. Wonke umntwana ukhula kwizinga lakhe.
KwiZakhono zoPhuhliso
Izakhono zonyango zihambelana nendlela umntwana asebenzisa ngayo umzimba wakhe. Izakhono zemoto ezininzi zisebenzisa amaqela amakhulu omzimba kwaye zihlobene nomdlalo osebenzayo. Izinto ezibalulekileyo kule minyaka zingabandakanya:
- Ukuqhuba iididi eziliqela ngaphandle kokuwa
- Khuphula ifenitshala ephantsi kunye ne-jungle gyms ngokulula
- Hamba kwiifto
- Hamba umgca ochanekileyo
- Hamba uye phezulu phantsi izitebhisi zokuhamba ezinyaweni
- Ukushaya ibhola
- Gxuma ngeenyawo zombini
- I-pedal itricycle
- Phonsa ibhola enkulu
Ewe, konke okusebenzayo, ukunyuka, ukuxumla kunye nokuyeka ukuhamba kusinzima ukuhambisana. Kungaba nzima ukuxelela umntu oneminyaka emithathu ukuba "uhlale." Kodwa ukumvumela ukuba inkululeko yokuhamba ibalulekile. Ukunikezelwa ngexesha kunye nendawo yokusebenzisa izakhono zakhe zomzimba, uya kuphucula ibhalansi kunye nokuzithemba. Nangona ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuba neengxaki zokuhlambalaza kunye neentlobo, lesi sigaba sinokumnceda aphephe ukuwa okukhulu kunye nokulimala kwiminyaka ezayo.
Izakhono zoBuchule beZakhono
ImiSebenzi ethembele kwizakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi yilabo basebenzisa izandla kunye namaqela amancinci amancinci. Izakhono ezintle zezakhono ezinokuthi ulindele ukuba umntwana wakho afumaneke kwi-3 ubudala zibandakanya:
- Zondla ngokwakho (nangona, unokwazi ukulinda izidlo)
- Vula amaphepha kwincwadi
- Bamba kwaye ubhale ngekrayoni
- Geza kwaye usome izandla
- Beka izicathulo (kodwa ungayibopheli)
- Ugqoke uqobo ngolunye uncedo
- Yakha i-block tower
- Iingxowa ezivulekileyo ezivaliweyo ezivaliweyo
Enye yempumelelo eyenziwa ngumntwana kulo nyaka iya kufunda ukufunda "ukudweba," nangona iifoto ziza kubakho izihlomelo kunye nemigca kwiphepha. Ukukhuthaza umlobi wakho wokubhala kunye nomculi, unikezele ngamaphepha amaninzi kunye nezixhobo zokubhala ezifanelekileyo ubudala (iikhrayoni, iimpawu zokunxiliswa, iimpawu zomunwe ). Mbonise indlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo ngokufaka umbala kunye nokudweba naye. Mfundise into enhle ukuyifaka (iphepha) kunye nento engekho (umbhede omhlophe), kodwa ungaphinda ufune ukutshala imali kwipeyinti enokutshayoka nje xa ifika kwiindonga kunye nefenitshala yezinto ezingenakugwema.
Zakhono zoBugcisa
Ingqondo yomntwana kunye nengcamango iya kuluhlaza kulo nyaka. Njengoko ekhulisa imemori aze aqale ukuqonda ngakumbi ngehlabathi elikujikelezile, uya kuzaliswa ngemibuzo. Kungaba ngumngeni ukwazi oko umntwana wakho uyaziqonda kwaye oko kufuneke ukuba kufundwa ntoni, kodwa ezi ngenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ongalindela ukuba ziphumelele ekupheleni konyaka:
- Ukuchonga imibala engundoqo
- Bala ukuya ezintlanu
- Yithetha i-alfabeti (kodwa ingenako ukufumanisa ileta ebhaliweyo nganye)
- Dlala ukukholelwa ngamadonki, amathoyizi okanye abanye abantu
- Hlela izinto ngokuma nombala
- Ukuchonga iimoko ezisisiseko
- Match izinto
- Gcwalisa iipuzzle ezilula
- Qonda iimbono ezimbini
- Qaphela izandi zansuku zonke
- Qonda "ngaphambili," "emva," "ngoku," "kungekudala" kwaye "kamva"
- Khumbula oko kwenzeka ngezolo
- Yazi apho udlala khona
- Ukuhleka ngeengcamango ezingcolileyo okanye amahlaya
- Qonda imithetho ethile ebalulekileyo yokukhusela (ungathinti isitofu eshisayo; hlala kude newindow)
- Landela imiyalelo emibini okanye ezimbini
- Ukuqwalasela malunga nemizuzu emithathu
Kule minyaka, kubalulekile ukuqonda nokuncipha kwengqondo yomntwana wakho. Akazange afunde ukuhlukanisa imfesane kwizinto eziyinyaniso, ngoko unokukholelwa oko akubonayo kumabonakude okanye kwiincwadi eziyinyani kwaye akanakho ukuqonda ingqungquthela efana neengxelo: "Ukuba udla iinqatyambo ezininzi uya kuguqula i-orange." Ukholelwa ukuba yonke into ihambelana nento ayenzile.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukuba kukho into "embi" unokuzigxeka ngokwakhe okanye abuze into ayenzileyo.
Nangona ufike ixesha elide, izakhono zakhe zokuqiqa zinqongophe kakhulu. Ukunamathela ngeenkcukacha ezicacileyo kuya kukunceda ukulawula ukuziphatha ("faka amaloli ebhokisini kwaye ungadla ukutya kwakho" ngokuchasene "kuhle kwaye siya kufumana into").
Zakhono zoLwazi
Ngeendlela ezininzi ukuphuhliswa kwentetho kubonakalisa utshintsho olukhulu kwintsapho yakho yonke. Njengoko umncinci wakho unako ukubonisa iimfuno zakhe kunye nokufunayo, unokukwazi ukuphepha ukuziphatha okutyhafayo okwenzeka rhoqo ngenxa yokuba akanakukuxelela ukuba ufuna. Ezinye zeenkqubela phambili kulwimi onokubona kulo nyaka ziquka:
- Landela imigaqo eyodwa okanye ezimbini
- Sebenzisa amagama osapho kunye nabahlobo
- Igama eziqhelekileyo
- Qonda kakhulu into oyithethayo (ingxoxo yansuku zonke)
- Thetha izivakalisi ezintlanu
- Sebenzisa izibhengezo (mna, wena, mna, thina, bona) kunye nezinye ezininzi
- Uthetha ngokucacileyo ukuba abantu abangaziwayo baqonde amagama amaninzi
- Qalisa ukunandipha imilolozo kunye nemidlalo yokuzilahla ngolwimi (ukubeka amagama angalunganga kwiingoma ozithandayo
- Ukuqonda "yam"
- Sebenzisa "mna" kunye "nawe" ngokufanelekileyo
- Tshela amabali
- Yenza intetho yesibini ukuya kwezivakalisi ezintathu
- Jabulela iincwadi kunye namabali
- Buza imibuzo elula
Ngokwe-American Academy ye-Pediatrics, kukho ukuhlukahluka okukhulu ekuphuculweni kolwimi phakathi kwabantwana balobudala kunanoma yintoni enye indawo yophuhliso. Kukho uluhlu olubanzi "oluqhelekileyo" kunye nolunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, izakhono zolwimi zamantombazana zihlala zikhula phambili kunamakhwenkwe. Abanye abantwana abancinci banokuxoxa ngengqungquthela xa abanye bezolile. Umntwana unokufumana izakhono zolwimi eziphuculwe kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa unokukhetha ukuthetha kakhulu. Nangona uqaphela ukulibaziseka kweelwimi ukulibala, zama ukuthelekisa izakhono zomlomo wakho zomntwana kwabanye.
Zakhono zoLuntu
Ngomhla wokuzalwa komntwana wakho wesithathu unokwazi ukubona utshintsho ngendlela asebenzisana ngayo nabanye abantwana. Le ngongoma apho abantwana abaninzi beqala ukuhamba ukusuka kumdlalo ofanayo (apho abantwana badlala khona kunye) kunye neqela lokudlala (apho asebenzisana khona kwaye adlala nabanye). Oku kuthetha ukuba uya kuqala ukufuna ukufunda indlela yokuhamba ngayo ubudlelwane. Kuyixesha apho uya kuphuhlisa izakhono ezibalulekileyo ezifana:
- Shintshana kwiimidlalo
- Yiba zimeleyo
- Bonisa umdla ekuzameni izinto ezintsha
- Yenza umdlalo wefantasy imidlalo
- Ukusebenzisana nabanye abantwana
- Bonisa uluhlu lweemvakalelo
- Kopisha abanye abantu abaziphatha (abadala kunye noontanga)
- Bonisa uthando kwabanye ngabanye (ngaphandle kokuba ucinga ukuba unike umngane umququzelelo)
- Yazi igama lokuqala kunye negama lokugqibela
- Qaphela xa ezinye izenzo zingalunganga kwaye uzive uxolo
- Zama ukwenza abanye bahlekise
- Dlala neqela labantwana
- Bonisa umdla kwi- potty training
Nangona umntwana wakho efuna ukuzimela kunye namava amatsha, unokuthukuthela xa ehlukaniswe nawe. Nangona kunzima ukuba abazali babone ukukhungatheka komntwana, banike amathuba omntwana ukuba ahlalisane ngaphandle kokuba kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa kwakhe. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uzame ukungagodli xa umntwana wakho edlala nabanye kwaye angaphazamisi kwimpikiswano ngaphandle kokuba ufuna ngokwenene.
Omnye uphazamisekile ngenxa yokuba ithoyiphu ibanjwe okanye omnye umntwana akafumananga? Elula "masibelane kwaye sidlale kunye" elandelwa yinto ekhuthazayo yokubuyela komnye nomnye inokusebenza ngakumbi kunokungena ekujongeni imeko. Gcinani engqondweni, umntwana wakho kunye nabahlobo bakhe kufuneka bafunde ukudlala omnye nomnye, kungekhona nabazali bomnye nomnye.
Imithombo:
CDC.gov. "Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu: Umntwana wakho kwiminyaka emithathu." IWebhu.
"Izinto eziphambili zoPhuhliso: 3 ukuya ku-4 ubudala." I-Healthycihldren.org. KwiWebhu.
UPowell, J. kunye no-Smith, CA "Izinto eziphambili zoPhuhliso: Isikhokelo sabazali." UManhattan, KS: iNkonzo yaseKansas yeNyuvesi yokuThuthukiswa kweNyuvesi. KwiWebhu.
Shelov, uSreven PMD, MS, FAAP, kunye. al. Ukunyamekela Ukuzalwa Kwabantwana Abantwana nabantwana abaselula ukuya eBangeni 5. Incwadi yeBanatam, 2009. Print.