Usana lwakho ngeveki elishumi elinesithathu (iinyanga ezintathu zenyanga)

1 -

Ukutya kwaBantwana

Ngenyanga yesithathu yintsana, ukumondla kusekuhle kakhulu.

Kule minyaka, umntwana wakho usasafuna isifuba okanye ukuba awuyilibele, ufuna i-formula encinci ye-iron.

Ingaba lixesha lokutya kakade okanye ukutya komntwana? Hayi, iinyanga ezintathu zaziza kusencinane ukutya kwasebantwaneni. Uninzi lwabantwana alulungele ukutya kwasebantwaneni de kube liinyanga ezine ukuya ezintandathu ubudala.

UkuQala Ukutya Kwabantwana Abaqinileyo

Uyazi njani xa umntwana wakho ekulungele ukutya okanye ukutya okunye umntwana?

Nangona ezinye iintsana zikulungele kwiinyanga ezine, ezinye azilungele de kube zikhulile. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ubunzima bomntwana okanye ubudala bakho bodwa abucacisi ukulungela kwakhe ukutya okuqinileyo.

Nazi ezinye iimpawu zokukhangela ezo ziza kukuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho ulungele ukuqala ukutya okuqinileyo , kunye nokutya okuqala okusemntwaneni ngokuqhelekileyo kukuba ngumsila werayisi ochithwe nge-iron:

• Ubeka intloko yakhe kwaye uyakwazi ukuhlala kunye nenkxaso.
• Ufika kwaye ubonise umdla kumdla.
• Uvula umlomo wakhe xa ebona ukutya.
• Akasayi kulukhupha ulwimi xa esondla, ngoko unako ukugcina ukutya emlonyeni wakhe aze awuginye. Iilwimi ezixhomekeke kwi-reflex ngokuqhelekileyo zithini imingcipheko engabantwana ekuqalekeni kokutya kwangoko.
• Uyakwazi ukuguqula ikhanda xa ezele kangangokuba awukho nasengozini yokunyusa umntwana wakho.

Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ulungele ukutya okuqinileyo ngaphambi kokuba unike yona. Akukho sizathu esihle sokumkhawuleza ekudleni ukutya okuqinileyo ngaphambi kokuba ulungele.

Khumbula ukuba i-American Academy ye-Pediatrics icebisa "ukunyelwa okuthe ngqo kwiinyanga ezili-6," kodwa ukuthintela ukukhubazeka kwe-iron anemia, i-AAP icetyisa ukuba iintsana ezibelethwe kuphela zixhaswa ngomnxeba womlomo zize ziqale ukutya ukutya okunesidanga esinexesha elide 4 ukuya kweenyanga ezili-6.

_Imithombo:

_{I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics Clinical Report. Ukuxilongwa kunye nokukhusela ukuNqongophala kweNtsalane kunye nokuNqongophala kwe-Iron-Anemia kwiintsana kunye nabantwana abaselula (0-3 kweminyaka yobudala). Iintsholongwane 2010; 126: 1040-1050.}

_{I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics Policy Statement: Ukunxiliswa kunye nokuSebenza koMlambo wabantu. Pediatrics 2012; 129: 3 e827-e841}

2 -

Imini yokuSondeza kwiintsana

Abazali bahlala becinga malunga nokubuza malunga nokuba umntwana wabo ufanele enze ntoni ebusuku. Umntwana wabo kufuneka alele ixesha elingakanani? Baza kulala nini ubusuku bonke?

Nangona le mibuzo ibalulekileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqwalasela oko kufuneka umntwana wakho akwenze emini. Enyanisweni, iintsuku zentsuku zakho zentsuku zinokuchaphazela oko akwenza ebusuku. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana ogqithisileyo akayi kulala kakuhle ebusuku.

Iifoto Zomntwana Wakho

Kwinyanga yesithathu yintsana, ngaphezu kokulala malunga neeyure ezisixhenxe ukuya kwi-9 ebusuku, uya kulala ngeeyure ezongezelelweyo ezine neyesigama emini. Ubuthongo bemini buza kuhlulwa zibe zimbini ukuya kwezine ezine- naps zentsuku ezahlukileyo phakathi kwelanga.

Iindlela Zomntwana Wakho

Ngoko ke, ukuba phakathi kwe-naps nobusuku ubuthongo umntwana wakho ulele ngeeyure ezingama-13 ngosuku, oko kuthetha ukuba uqala ukuchitha ixesha elithile livukile. Ukongeza kokutya, uza kuba nexesha elininzi ngoku ukubamba, ukuthetha, ukuhamba ukuhamba, nokudlala nomntwana wakho.

Uyifumana njani umntwana wakho ngemini yemihla ngemihla? Ngethemba ukuba, ukunyusa okufunekayo kwintsana yakho kwangaphambili kwamshukumisela ukuba abe yinto enhle yosuku lomhla yakhe. Unokuthi unamathele kwinto eqhubekayo imihla ngemihla, enokuvumela ukuba kubekho ukuguquguquka kodwa akufuneki kube yinto engacwangciswanga okanye engaqinisekanga.

Ukugcina umntwana wakho kwishedyuli, kunokukunceda:

• Zama uhlele usuku lwakho malunga neshedyuli yengane yakho
• Qaphela amaxesha apho umntwana wakho angase aphelelwe ishedyuli, njengokuba xa ehamba ngokukhula okanye ugula
• Gcina kwishedyuli efanayo ngeliveki nangeveki
• Zama ukumenza ahlale ephaphekile ngexesha lokuhlwa, ngoko ke uya kuthemba ukuba ulala kakhulu ebusuku.
• Ukongeza kwi-naps kunye nokutya, zama ukucwangcisa ezinye izinto ngexesha elifanayo, njengexesha lokulala lomntwana, iibhate, kunye nexesha lokudlala

3 -

Uhambo olugulayo kunye neNzululwazi

Ngaphambi kokuya kwirejista yakho yokugula esilandelayo kunye nodokotela wezilwanyana xa umntwana wakho egula, unokuthatha umlinganiselo wokwandisa ixesha lakho kunye nogqirha:

1) Zibuze ukuba kuthathe ixesha elingakanani ukufumana ukuqesha kunye nodokotela wakho?

Qhubeka ukhumbule ukuba abaninzi abantwana bebona abagulane abagulayo, ingakumbi kwiingxaki ezinjengomkhuhlane, intlungu yeendlebe, okanye intlungu yomlomo, ngosuku olufanayo. Ukuba awukwazi ukungena kwiofisi yakho yonyango xa umntwana wakho egula, oko kusenokuba sele kusisithuba sokutshintsha oogqirha.

2) Yenza uluhlu lwemibuzo kumgqirha wakho.

Abazali bahlala belibale imibuzo yabo ngexesha lokutyelela. Ngaphandle kokuba bebaluleke kakhulu kwaye kufuneka baphendulwe ngokufowunelwa ngokukhawuleza kwiofisi, qalisa ukubhala imibuzo njengoko beza kuwe, kwaye balethe uluhlu ekutyelele ngokuzayo.

3) Buza imibuzo ngaphambi kokuba uhambe.

Ngokukodwa xa umntwana wakho egula, ezinye izinto omele wazi ngaphambi kokuba uhambe eofisi ziquka:

• Ukuxilongwa komntwana wakho
• Xa umntwana wakho eqala ukuphucula nokuba yintoni isicwangciso esiya kubakho ukuba ayenjalo (ungathanda ukubiza, buyela emva kokuhlaziya, okanye ufumane imithi ebizwa ngokuba yi-pharmacy)
• Izibonakaliso okanye iimpawu ezingabonisa ukuba umntwana wakho uya kuqhubeka
• Xa kufuneka ubuyele ekuqeshweni okulandelelanayo (oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiimeko ezingapheliyo njenge-asthma kunye ne-allergies)
• Kuze kube nini ufanele uthathe nawaphi na amayeza anikezelweyo kunye nemiphumo yazo
• Xa umntwana wakho akayi kusasazeka kwaye angabuyela ekunakekelwa kwamasango okanye kwisikolo

4 -

Ukhuseleko lweStroller

Ingaba unama-$ 800 ukuya kwi-1 000 i-Stokke okanye i-Bugaboo umqhubi okanye i-stroller ye-$ 40 ukuya kwi-50 ye-stroller engabizi kangako, uya kufumana ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwindwendwe yomntwana wakho kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala.

Gcina ukhumbule ukuba akukho bonke abahambahambayo abaklanyelwe ukusetyenziswa kunye neentsana ezincinane. Enyanisweni, ezo zingagqithanga ngokupheleleyo zingafanele zisetyenziselwe iintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu ubudala kuba zingenaso ukulawula kakuhle kwekhanda okwamanje. Inkqubo yokuhamba okanye isitulo-sithintelo sokuhlala esikuvumela ukuba usebenzise isitifiketi semoto sakho sinokuba yinto efanelekileyo kule minyaka. Iinqwelo zokuhamba okanye ukuhamba ngokuhamba kunye nokuhambahambayo ezinye iindlela.

Ezinye iingcebiso zokukhusela xa usebenzisa umlindi womntwana ziquka ukuba:

• Funda imiyalelo ngokucophelela ukuze udibanise i-stroller yakho ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukuphonononga ukuphakama kunye nemilinganiselo yesisindo somqhubi womntwana wakho, ukuqonda ukuba abahambahambayo banokuba ngumlinganiselo wesisindo esingama-35 ukuya kuma-50, kuxhomekeke kulowo unayo.
• Khusela umntwana wakho kwi-stroller usebenzisa i-straps yayo.
• Xa isetyenziswe kwisithuba esinqumlekileyo, qiniseka ukuba ufihla imivalo yomlenze ukuze umntwana wakho angakwazi ukuphuma.
• Gwema ukubethelela iikomityi kwi-stroller kuba ziyakwazi ukutshiza kwaye zitshise umntwana wakho.
• Vala iibhuleki kumqhubi wakho womntwana xa ungahambanga kwaye ungashiyi umntwana wakho wedwa kwi-stroller yakhe.
• Gcina iminwe yakho yomntwana kude ne-stroller xa uyivula kwaye uyivale ukuze bangabinki.
• Qinisekisa ukuvala okanye ukukhwela umqhubi evulekileyo xa uvula.
• Ungafaki nayiphi na into enzima kwimigqomo, engenza ukuba umqhubi abuyele emuva.
• Khusela umntwana wakho elangeni, emoyeni, okanye ezinambuzane ngokusebenzisa i-canopy, ikhava ekhutshweyo, i- sunscreen , kunye ne-insects repellent kwintsana yakho xa ehamba.

5 -

Runny Noses

Impumlo egijima yinto eqhelekileyo yokuba abantwana abancinci bafumane.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kubangelwa yintsholongwane, ukusuleleka kwe-sinus, okanye ukunyamezela, kungaba yinto efanelekileyo yokufunda indlela yokunceda umntwana wakho azive engcono xa ephethe impumlo.

IziLungiso zaseKhaya zoLawulo lwe-Runny

Ngokukodwa kuzo zonke izilumkiso zangoku nje ngokungabaniki abantwana abantwana abancinci amayeza atshisayo, kunokukunceda ukwazi ezinye izigulane zasemakhaya ezingabandakanyeli ukunika umntwana wakho unyango olubandayo.

Ezi zonyango zasemakhaya zingaquka:

• Ukusebenzisa i- humfidifier ye-mist cool .
• Ukubeka amaconsi ambalwa e-saline nasal emanzini emntwaneni wakho, anokuncedisa ukunqambela i-muscus ekhaleni lomntwana wakho, ulinde umzuzu okanye ezimbini, uze ulandele nge-aspirator yangasese eyenzelwe iintsana.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho uhlanjululwe ngokuqhubeka nokunyundela okanye ukusela imfesane yakhe yomntwana. Ukuba akabonakali ephuza, mnike i-ounces ezimbalwa zesisombululo se-electrolyte njengePedialyte, okanye endaweni yesondlo ngasinye.
• Ukunika umntwana wakho intlungu okanye ukukhupha umkhuhlane xa ebonakala ekhuni, kuquka iimveliso kunye ne-acetaminophen (iTylenol) okanye ibuprofen (i-Motrin okanye i-Advil), nangona ibuprofen kufuneka inikwe kuphela xa umntwana wakho uneminyaka emithandathu ubudala.

Xa usebenzisa i-aspirator yangasese okanye i-bulb yokutya, fakela i-bulb ngaphambi kokuba uyibeke ekhaleni lomntwana. Esi sikhokelo sichitha umoya kwaye sinceda ukwakha. Unokubeka ngobumnene i-bulb tip in ekhaleni lomntwana kwaye ukhulule ngokukhawuleza i-bulb.

Ubiza umnxeba wakho

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka ubize unobantwana bakho ukuba uphendule iphimpini yakho yengane ngaphezu kweentsuku ezisixhenxe ukuya kwi-10, ukuba uneminyaka engaphantsi kweenyanga ezimbini ukuya kweyesithathu kwaye unesifo somlilo, unenkinga yokuphefumla, okanye ibonakala ingabonakaliyo kwaye ingabikho.

6 -

Umbala weMivements Movements

Umbala weentshukumo zentsana yakho yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kunokuba abazali abaninzi bacinga.

Nangona umbala ungabonakalisa ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yesisu, njengesifo sesisu okanye ukunyamezela kokutya, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqhelekile ukuba umntwana wakho akanakho ezinye iimpawu.

Xa izilwanyana zihamba ngokuluhlaza, oko kuthetha ukuba ukutya kuhamba emathumbu omntwana wakho ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Oku kunokubangelwa urhudo okanye ukutya okuphezulu kwefayibha , kodwa kunokwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo.

Iimpawu zokunyuka kwezilwanyana ezincinci zingabangela ukuba imeko yonyango ingabandakanya ukuba umntwana wakho naye unobungozi, unobungozi, unesifo sohudo, okanye uhlamba. Ezi zongezelelweyo iimpawu zithetha ukuba umntwana wakho unentsholongwane, njenge-rotavirus, okanye ukunganyamezelani into ayidlayo. Ukuba umntwana wakho uncelisa, ukunyuka kwesibhakabhaka kunye nezinye iimpawu kungabonakalisa ukunganyamezelanga into into umama adlayo okanye ukusela, njengobisi okanye ushizi.

Ingane yakho ingaba nesiguphu esitsheli xa isifo sesisu sesisu.

Imibala yeStool

Nangona abazali bexhalabele malunga nezitulo eziluhlaza, ngokubhekiselele kulo, kwaye kufuneka ubize unobantwana bakho ukuba unyameko lwentsana yakho:

• Ubomvu obomvu - uphawu lokuphuma kwamanzi kwindawo ethile emathunjini okanye ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusuka kwintlungu ephuma kumbindi
• Umnyama - uphawu lokuphuma e siswini okanye emathunjini amancinci, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuya kubangela ukuba isitulo sihlale siphele kwaye siphunga (melena)
• Umbala okanye ubumba obunobumba - uphawu lokuba akukho bhala kwi-stool

Gcina ukhumbule ukuba i-Omnicef, i-antibiotic esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, inokukwenza ukunyakaza kwamathumbu kubantwana kubonakale kubomvu okanye i-orange ngenxa yokuba idibanisa nentsimbi.

7 -

Inqwelo yokuThuseleko

Abazali abaninzi abaye bacinge kabini ngokubeka umntwana wabo kwinqwelo yokuthenga xa behamba ngokuthenga emva kokuba konke, kulungile. Kwaye de kube umntwana wakho ehamba kwaye elandela imiyalelo, kunokubonakala ngathi yedwa uyenze xa uthengisa kunye nezingane zakho.

Ukuyekisa umntwana wakho kwinqwelo yokuthenga kuyingozi, nangona kunjalo. I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics ibika ukuba abantwana abangama-24 000 ngonyaka baphathwa ngamagumbi okuphuthuma esibhedlele ngenxa yokulimala kweenqwelo zeenqwelo.

Enyanisweni, ngokubhekiselele kwiKhomishoni yoKhuseleko kweMveliso yabathengi base-United States, "ukuwa kwiivenkile zethengi ziphakathi kwezona zinto ezibangela ukulimala kwentloko kubantwana abancinci."

Ngaba awukwazi nje ukufakela isithwathwa somntana wakho kwinqanawa yentengiso? Okwenene inokwenza inqwelo yokuthenga iphezulu kakhulu kwaye ikwazi ukuphosa.

Ukugcina abantwana bakho bekhuselekile xa bethenga kwaye ngelixa ekujikelezeni iinqwelo zokuthenga kunokunceda:

• Gwema ukuthenga iinqwelo kwaye usebenzise umqhubi okanye ugqoke umntwana wakho endaweni yokuphatha okanye ukugoqa
• Zama uze uthenge xa ​​omnye umntu enokubukela abantwana bakho ukuze ungabi nako ukuza nabo okanye ukuzisa umntu kunye nawe ukuba abukele abantwana bakho xa uthenga
• Sebenzisa iibhanti zokuhlala kwiinqwelo kwaye ungavumeli umntwana wakho ukuba akhwele kwibhaksi okanye ngaphandle kwinqwelo ukuba kufuneka usebenzise inqwelo yokuthenga
• jonga ukuthenga izithuthi ezilungiselelwe abantwana, njengazo ezinemoto emiselweyo imoto

Kufuneka ukhuphe ngokukodwa ukusebenzisa ii-carts zokuthenga xa unomntwana ongaphezu komnye. Uninzi lweenqwelo zeenqwelo-moya zenzeke xa umntakwabo omdala ezama ukuza ngaphandle okanye ukutsala inqwelo enesibini encinci ekhwele kuyo, ebangela ukuba iphose.

_Imithombo:

> Ingxelo yeNkqubo ye-AAP. Iinqwelo zokuthengwa kweenqwelo-nxi-ezihlobene nabantwana. PEDIATRICS Vol. 118 No. 2 Agasti 2006, iphe. 825-827.

> IKhomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabasebenzisi base-US. Inqwelwana yokuThengisa ukhuseleko.