Iveki Yakho Yesana Eli-15

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I-Thumb Sucking

Ngokuqhelekileyo abazali bafumana ukuba iintsana zabo ziyanamathela kwiminwe yabo, isithupha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zizama ukubeka isandla sabo sonke emlonyeni wazo malunga neenyanga ezintathu.

Nangona isisu esifunayo sinomdla ombi ohambelana nayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuba abazali banenkxalabo yokuba umntwana wabo akayi kuyeka, kuyinto evamile kwaye yendalo ukuba iintsana zenze.

Nokuba iAmerican Academy ye-Dentistry Dentistry ithi ukusondeza ngeminwe, izithupha kunye ne-pacifiers, "yinto eqhelekileyo kubantwana kunye nabantwana abancinci" kwaye baninzi abantwana banqanda phambi kokuba "nantlungu iyenziwe kumazinyo okanye emaseni."

Kutheni iintsana ezininzi kangaka ziqala ukuzondla isithupha sayo kwiinyanga ezimbini okanye ezintathu? Kule minyaka ukuba banokufumana ngokuphindaphindiweyo iminwe yabo kunye nesithupha. Baye baphaphe ixesha elide, bebanika ithuba elingakumbi lokusondeza isithupha, ngakumbi xa befuna ukuthuthuzela okanye ukuzinza.

Ngoko ungakhathazeki malunga nomntwana osiswini sokutshiza. Mhlawumbi uya kunika ngexesha eli-6 okanye ezisixhenxe ezinyangeni ubudala. Ukuba akunjalo, ngoko uya kumisa kamva, xa eneminyaka emibini ukuya kweyine ubudala. Umntwana wakho unokufumana iingxaki ezithile zeengqondo kwaye unokufuna uncedo xa engagqithanga loo minyaka, nangona kunjalo.

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Ukuqeqeshwa kwamathambo abantwana

Uninzi lwabazali baqhelana neengcebiso zemveli ukuba umntwana uya kuba sele ekulungele ukuqeqeshwa kwamanzi xa bexesha eliphakathi kweenyanga ezili-18 ukuya kwi-3 ubudala.

Oku kuhambelana nesikhokelo se-American Academy of Pediatrics, esichaza ukuba "phakathi kweenyanga ezili-18 neye-24, abantwana bavame ukuqala ukubonisa iimpawu zokulungela, kodwa abanye abantwana abanakho ukulungela kude kube ziinyanga ezingama-30 okanye ngaphezulu."

Basenokumangaliswa ngcamango yokuba unokuzama ukuqeqesha umntwana wakho ngobuthakathaka xa eneminyaka emi-2, 3, okanye iinyanga ezi-4 ubudala. Enyanisweni, iingcali ekuqeqesheni kwamanzi ebusana zithi xa ucinga ngale ndlela, usenokuba uqala ukuqala xa ungaqalanga ngexesha lakho umntwana uneminyaka engama-6 ubudala.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwamathambo abantwana

Kwakhona kuthiwa 'ukuqhagamshelana nokuqhelaniswa,' uqeqesho lwabantwana oluthile lubonisa indlela abantwana abaqeqeshwa ngayo kwiindawo ezininzi ezingezizo zaseNtshona ezingazithembi ngokugcina abantwana babo kwiidrafers .

Ngokuqeqeshwa komntwana, uzama ukufunda nokulindele xa umntwana wakho kufuneka avule okanye abe neentshukumo zokuhamba, aze ahambe e-chairty pot, kwindlu yangasese, okanye ngaphandle. Uzama kwakhona ukunika izibonakaliso zakho zentsana anokuzidibanisa nokuhamba.

Abagxeki bokuqeqeshwa kwamathambo abantwana basoloko bathi akuyena umntwana oqeqeshwe, kodwa kunomzali, ofunda iimpawu zomntwana wakhe aze amthathe ebhodweni. Kukho nto encinci yokugxeka, nangona nje unomonde kwaye uzimisele ukuchitha ixesha kunye nosana lwakho ukuze kuthathe ukugqiba ukuqeqeshwa kwamathambo esana.

Iincwadi malunga nokuqeqeshwa kwabantwana bokuQinisa:

Ukuba unomdla wokuqeqeshwa kwamantombazana, enye yazo iya kuba yinto efanelekileyo yokukunceda ukuba ufunde into enokuyenza:

• I-Baby Free-Diaper
• I-Diaper Simahla
• Amantombazane asePotty Basics
• Bjorn Baby Potty

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Ukuvavanya iimvavanyo

Ingane yakho ingakuva?

Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukuxelela, njengokuba iintsana zihlala zilungele ukulungiswa kwemisindo eninzi.

Kwiinyanga ezintathu, umntwana wakho uya kuqala ukujika kwizandi ezithile, nangona kunjalo. Kwaye kufuneka aphendule ubuncinane bomsindo omkhulu.

Uvavanyo lweNtsana olutsha

Nangona abazali bekufuneka baxhomekeke kwimibono yabo ukuba babone ukuba umntwana wabo uyayiva, ngokutsho kwe-American Academy of Pediatrics, zonke iintsana kufuneka zivavanywe phambi kokuba ziphume esibhedlele xa zizalwe.

Ngaba umntwana wakho wayenomvavanyo wokuvalelwa xa ezalwa?

Uyazi ukuba udlule?

Ukongeza kwi-screening hearing (ukuvavanya zonke iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa), i-AAP icebisa ukuba:

• Iintsana ezilahla isikrini saso kwisibhedlele kufuneka zibuyiswe
• ngeenyanga ezi-3 ubudala, "ukuvavanya okufanelekileyo kunye neengcali zonyango" kwenziwa kwintsana eqhubekayo yokuphumelela iimvavanyo zabo zokuva
• Iinkonzo zokungenelela kwangaphambili kufuneka ziqaliswe ngokukhawuleza kwaye zingadlulanga kweenyanga ezintandathu kwiintsana ezinokulahlekelwa kwindlebe

Ukuba umntwana wakho akanalo vavanyo lovavanyo xa ezalwe okanye ukuba awuqinisekanga ngeziphumo, ngoku kuya kuba lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuxoxa ngale ngxaki kunye nodokotela wezilwanyana.

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Isaziso seMpilo - Ukukhusela i-Allerggies yokutya

Ngenyanga yesithathu yintsana, abazali abaninzi baqala ukukhangela phambili xa beqala ukuthambisa isonka sazo, iziqhamo, imifuno kunye nokunye ukutya kwezingane .

Ngaba ufanele ukukhawuleza kangaka?

Iingcali ziye zacetyiswa ukulibazisa ukuqaliswa kokutya okuqinileyo kwada kwabantwana bebancinane ubuncinane beenyanga ezintandathu benethemba lokuthintela umntwana osengozini ekuphuculeni ukutya kokutya. Kwakhona bancomela ukuba iintsana kunye nabantwana baselula "bagwebe amaqanda de kube yiminyaka emi-2 ubudala kwaye bagweme iipinanci, iinqabunga zemithi kunye nentlanzi kude kube neminyaka emithathu ubudala."

Le ngcebiso ishintshile ngoku, nangona kunjalo.

Ngaba Unako Ukukhusela Ukutya Kwezilwanyana?

Iziphakamiso zangaphambilini zokulibazisa ukunika abantwana ukudla okungafunekiyo ziphelile zingabancedi kwaye azizange zithintele abantwana ukuba bangaphumeleli.

I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics, kwiingcebiso zabo zakutshanje, ngoku zithetha ukuba iintsana "ziqala ukutya okudliwayo ngaphezu kobisi lwebele okanye ifomula emva kweenyanga ezi-4 ubudala, ngokukhethekileyo kwiinyanga ezili-6."

Nangona kungekho ncitshitshi kwizinto ezinobunzima obungasondla umntwana wakho kwakhona, kwiintsana ezisengozini enkulu yokukhula, iingcali zitsho ukuba ukondla kuphela ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-4 kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenza i-eczema okanye ubisi lweenkomo, kodwa. Ukuba umntwana akanakuncelisa, ukunyusa i-formula okanye i-hydrolyzed formula ye-baby formula inganceda kwakhona.

Uyazi njani ukuba umntwana wakho usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphuhlisa ukutya ?

Imiba yengozi iquka:

• unesinye isifo esiyingozi, efana nesifo se-hay , i-asthma, okanye i-eczema
• nokuba nezinye izinto zokutya okanye iifom
• Ukuba nelungu lentsapho, njengomzali okanye umntakwabo, kunye nokutya kokutya okanye i-hay fever, i-asthma, okanye i-eczema

Ukuthintela Ukutya kwezilwanyana

Kwakhona, kucetyiswa ukuba aba bantwana basengozini enkulu. ngenxa yesifo kufuneka:

• bancelise kuphela de kube neenyanga ezine ubudala okanye ukuba bangabelisi, kufuneka baqwalasele ukusela isalathisi ye-hypoallergenic, njenge-Nutramigen okanye i-Alimentum.
• qalisa ukutya okuqinileyo emva kweenyanga ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 ubudala
• ukulibaziseka ukutya okungafunekiyo okunokuthi kubangele ukuphefumula kungaphakanyiswa

Iingcali ezininzi ziyakhuthaza ukuba umzali aqalise ngokutya ngokunyamekela, nangona kunjalo. Bethule ngokuthe ngcembe, kwanokuba umntwana wakho onobungozi bokuqala ulungele ekhaya ekhaya apho une-antihistamine ifumaneka khona xa kwenzeka ukuba aphendule. Unokwenza ngokukhawuleza unikele ngokungakumbi njengoko uqinisekile ukuba uyanyamezela ukutya kakuhle, ngaloo ndlela akayi kuba nomdla wokuqala kunye nokuphendula okokuqala ekunakekelwa kwelanga okanye esikolweni.

Kwaye ngelixa kwakunconywa ukuba unina osondeza umntwana osemngciphekweni wokutya kokutya angacinga ukuphelisa ukutya okudityanisiweyo kokutya kwakhe, kubandakanywa izilwanyana, iinqatha zomthi, amaqanda, ubisi lweenkomo kunye neentlanzi, oku kwacatshangelwa ukuba luncedo ekukhuseleni ukutya kokutya.

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Iintsana ezinomntwana kakhulu

Ukujuluka ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuqhelekileyo, kodwa kungaba ngumqondiso weemeko ezithile zezogulana, ngoko ke ukuvavanywa ngunyango wezingane kuya kuba yinto efanelekileyo.

Xa kubangelwa ingxaki yonyango, ngokuqhelekileyo ulindele ezinye iimpawu, nangona kunjalo, njengengxaki yokutya, ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza, okanye ukufumanisa ubunzima. Ngokomzekelo, ukukrazula ngexesha lokutya kungabonakalisa uphawu lokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo. Ezi ntsana ziyakhathala ngelixa zondla kwaye zinezinga lokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza, ukukhwehlela rhoqo, kunye nokufumana ubunzima obubi. Ngoko ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yeentliziyo, ulindele ukuba ezinye iimpawu zingabikho ukukhupha.

Ukuba ne-thyroid engasebenzi, okanye i-hyperthyroidism, inokubangela ukujuluka okukhulu, kodwa kwakhona, ulindele ezinye zezinye iimpawu.

Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ukugqithisa okanye ukugqithisa umntwana kwaye ukugcina ikhaya lakho lifudumala lingabangela ukujuluka okukhulu. Ekubeni ukugqithiswa ngumngcipheko we-SIDS, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba umntwana wakho akayi kugxininiswa ngu:

• Ukugcina ikhaya lakho kwiqondo lokushisa elikhululekile kumntu omdala onxibe
• ungagqithiseli umntwana wakho, kodwa kunokuba ugqoke kunye noluhlu olongezelelweyo kunokuba uzigqoke.

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Iingcebiso Zokuncedisa Abantwabantwana - Ukucoca Amazinyo Neentsana

Abazali kaninzi abakucingi ngokucoceka ngomlomo ade umntwana wabo athole inyo yokuqala.

Oku kunokuba kukude kakhulu, nangona kunjalo.

Ezinye iingcali zincoma ukuba nangaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho athole inyolo yakhe yokuqala , kufuneka usule iimfomane zentsana yakho ngesitya sokuhlambela esithambileyo okanye intsholongwane yezinyolo ezincinci kunye namanzi ngemini.

Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba umntwana unayo nayiphi na ingozi yobunzima bexesha elizayo, njengokuba unomama ngeentambo, kuba iibhaktheriya ezenza izibonda, i- Streptococcus mutans , idla ngokugqithiselwa ukusuka kumama ukuya kwintsana yakhe kwithuba lokuqala kweminyaka emibini wobomi.

Ukongeza kwangoko kucoceko ngomlomo, unokukwazi ukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wengane yakho emva kokuba ufumane izibonda xa ulandelayo:

• Musa ukwabelana ngempahla, iikomityi okanye iibhokhwe zamazinyo, kuba oko kunokunceda ukusasaza iibhaktheriya ezinokubangela imithwalo emlonyeni wakho kumlomo wakho umntwana.
• Ukuphepha ukunika umntwana wakho isandi esikhulu sesiphumo, kwaye akukho siphumo sesithelo phambi kweenyanga ezintandathu, okanye nasiphi na isiselo seziphuzo.
• Nika umntwana wakho umntwanantombazi xa sele eneenyanga ezintandathu ubudala, ekhumbula ukuba ezininzi iimpahla zamanzi ebhotile azinayo i-fluoride.
• Ungavumeli umntwana wakho alale ngebhotile yefomula okanye ehlala eongika ngobusuku emva kokuba enamazinyo.

Ukongezelela ekufundeni ukunyamekela iintsana kunye namazinyo abantwana, enye yezinto ezilula abazali abakwazi ukuzenza kubantwana babo banakekele ukucoceka komlomo wabo kwaye bavakashele rhoqo amazinyo abo ukuze baqinisekise ukuba amazinyo abo aphilile.

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Isaziso seMpilo - Iimpawu zokuKhusela kunye neNkqubo yokuNgcwaba

Iingcali zisoloko zichaza izitofu njengenye yezinto eziphambili zezokwelapha kuzo zonke iimbali. Enyanisweni, ii-CDC zibika ukuba "izitofu ziye zanciphisa okanye zazisusa izifo ezininzi ezithathelwanayo ezaziye zabulala okanye zonakalisa ezininzi iintsana, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala."

Abanye abazali bayakhathazeka malunga nokuba abantwana abancinci banokufumana iigonya ezininzi ngelixesha abaneminyaka engama-4 kuya kwe-6 ubudala, kuquka:

• 3 i-Hep B
• 2 okanye 3 i-Rotavirus isitofu sokugonya (kuxhomekeke kwi-brand ye-vaccine esebenzayo)
• Amayeza angama-5 eDTaP
• Ama-3 okanye 4 ama-Hib (kuxhomekeke kwi-brand ye-vaccine esebenzayo)
• 4 amayeza e-Prevnar
• 4 i-IPV
• 2 ama-MMR
• 2 izilwanyana zesitofu sokugonywa kwenkukhu
• 2 i-Hep A
• yokugonya umkhuhlane wonyaka

Oku kungongeza kwi-vaccine engama-36 ngelixesha umntwana wakho eneminyaka engama-4 ukuya kwe-6 ubudala. Ngethamsanqa, ukuphuhliswa kweentambo ezihlanganisiweyo ( Pediarix , Pentacel, Kinrix, ProQuad, kunye neComvax), ngomlomo (RotaTeq), kunye neentsholongwane zamanzi (i-FluMist) ngoku kuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho akanako ukufumana izibhamu ezininzi. Ngoku, umntwana wakho angafumana izigulane ezingama-36, kodwa u-22 nje.

Iimpawu ezikhethiweyo kunye neeShedyuli eziNye

Akukho nanye kwezi zitofu. Ngokutsho kweCDC, ukuba abazali abaninzi baqala ukufumana iishedyuli ezizezinye zokugonya kwaye banganiki abantwana babo okanye zonke ezi zitofu, ke ezininzi zezi zifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya , kuquka imasese kunye ne-pertussis, "iya kunyuka kumazinga okugonya kwangaphambili."

Abantwana abangahlambulukanga kunye nalabo abangagonywanga ngokupheleleyo banokubeka ingozi kwiintsana ezingagqityiyo uchungechunge lwabo lokuqala lokugonywa kunye nabantwana abanenkinga yokuzikhusela komzimba.

Iigonti zibalulekile. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga neentsholongwane zomntwana wakho okanye udidekile malunga naluphi na uluvo olungalunganga malunga nezitofu ozifundile ngazo, qi niseka ukuba uthethe kwinqanaba lakho lezingane.

Ukusebenzisa nayiphi na uhlobo lweehedyuli zokhuseleko lokugonya lokungakhuselekanga, olukhethwe ngumzali, olukhethiweyo, njengalezo eziye zaxhaswa nguDkt. Bob Sears, uDkt. Jay Gordon kunye nabanye abaninzi "abanezonyango" shiya umntwana wakho engakhuselekanga. Enyanisweni, uSandra, uG. Hassink, MD, FAAP, uMongameli we-AAP uthi "ukunyanzeliswa kokubambezeleka okanye ezinye iishedyuli zokugonywa kwandisa ingozi kubo bonke abantwana."

_Imithombo:

> Ingxelo yeNkqubo ye-AAP. I-Conforming Concept ye-Childhood Infant Death Syndrome: Ukuchithwa kweCoding Shifts, Iingxabano ngokubhekiselele kwiNdalo yokulala, kunye neeNguqulelo ezintsha zokuCinga ngokuNciphisa ingozi. PEDIATRICS Vol. 116 No. 5 Novemba 2005, iphe. 1245-1255.

> Ingxelo yeNkqubo ye-AAP. Unyaka ka-2007 Ingxelo yeNgxelo: Iimigaqo kunye nezikhokelo zokuLawulwa kweNkqubo yokuPhulaphulwa kweNtloko kunye neNkqubo zoLungiso. Iingcali zonyango 2007 120: 898-921.

> Ingxelo yeNkqubo ye-AAP. Uvavanyo loMngcipheko wezeMpilo kwiMpilo yeeNyango. Iingcali zonyango 2003 111: 1113-1116.

> I-American Academy yezilwanyana zamathambo. Iiprogram zeMfundo zabazali. Isibonda, iMinwe kunye nePasifier Habits.

> I-American Academy yezilwanyana zamathambo. Isikhokelo kwiNkcazo yeMpilo yeMlomo yaseNtwaneni. Kuhlaziywa ngo-2004.

> I-American Academy yePediatrics. Uqeqesho lweeThoyile.CDC. Isiko likaZwelonke sokuNgcotshwa kunye nezifo zokuphefumula. Yintoni eya kuyenzeka Ukuba Sasiyekile Amagciwane? .

> Dee, Deborah. Imithombo yoNcedo lweNsimbi phakathi kweintsana ezibelethwe ngexesha loNyaka woBomi bokuQala. I-Oktobha 2008; 122: I-Supplement 2 S98-S104.

> UGerer, uFrank MD. Iimpembelelo zeNkqubo zokuNyulwa kweZondlo zoPhuhliso lweZifo eziPhezulu kwiintsana kunye nabantwana: Inxaxheba yeSimiselo sokuTywala kwaBaMama, ukuNxiliswa, ukuHlanywa kwexesha lokuSungulwa koKutya kokuQinisekisa, kunye namaFomula aHlrolyzed. Izifo zengqondo ngo-2008; 121; 183.

_{UPawulos A. Ukunikezela, MD - Ingxaki Ngeshedyuli yeDr. PEDIATRICS Vol. 123 Nombolo 1 Januwari 2009, iphe. E164-e169.}