Umntwana Wakho Ngeveki 8

by UVincent Iannelli, MD, ugqirha oqinisekisiweyo webhodi

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Iinjongo zokuxilisa

Inti St Clair / Getty Izithombe

Uceba ixesha elingakanani lokuncelisa?

Akuyinto into yokuba abantwana besondlo babecinga ngokubanzi, kodwa ukuba nesicwangciso okanye injongo yokuncelisa kunokuba luncedo.

Umzekelo, ukubeka iinjongo malunga nokuba ufuna ukuncelisa ilanga elingakanani unokukunceda ukuba uqiniseke ukuba awuyi kuyeka ekuqaleni xa uqala ukufumana iingxaki, njengoko ufumana uncedo kunye neengcebiso zokuqhubeka ude udibane nomgomo wakho.

Ukugqiba ukuba ufuna ukubelesa ixesha elingakanani kunokuncedisa ukuba ulindele nayiphi na imiba yokuncelisa ibele efana no:

ukuncelisa kuluntu
buyela emsebenzini
yintoni omele uyenze xa umntwana wakho efumana amazinyo kwaye ehlabayo okokuqala

Kwaye xa ucinga ukuba kuseka ixesha elingakanani ukubeka iinjongo zakho, khumbula ukuba i-American Academy of Pediatrics incoma ukuba "ukunyamezela kufanele kuqhutywe ubuncinci kunyaka wokuqala wokuphila kunye nangaphezulu kwexesha elide elifunwa ngumama nomntwana."

Ukunceda Ukufikelela Kwinjongo Yokuxilisa

Ingaba injongo yakho yokuncelisa ibele iiveki ezimbini, iinyanga ezimbini, okanye iminyaka emibini, ukuba unengxaki yokudibana nomgomo kunye nosana lwakho lubonakala lulile ngaphambi kokuba ulungele, ngoko kufuneka ufumane uncedo.

Olu luncedo lunokuvela kwamanye amama ababelethe abantwana babo, ootitshala besidanga abancedisayo bokuncelisa, kunye / okanye umcebisi we-lactation.

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Iishedyuli zokutya

Guerilla / Getty Izithombe

Ukuqonda ishedyuli yesondlo sakho somntwana kulula kakhulu kwiiveki ezisibhozo. Emva kwakho konke, umntwana wakho akayilungele ukutya, imifuno okanye izityalo. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akayilungele ukutya kweminwe okanye ukutya kwetafile.

Oko kuthetha ukuba kule minyaka, ukutya komntwana wakho kuya kuba nobisi lwebele, okanye ukuba umntwana wakho akabeleli, ifomula yesana esomeleleyo.

Into ephambili edibanisa abazali kukuba baninzi kangakanani na ukunyusa umntwana wabo.

Inani leZondlo

Izinto zilula lula kunina. Ekubeni abadla ukuba bacinge malunga nokuba bangaphi na abantwana babo, banokucinga nje ngexesha elingakanani lokunyanga.

I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics (AAP), kwincwadi ethi First Year's Baby, ithi, "ininzi intsana inelisekile nge-3 ukuya kwi-4 iununces ngokutya kwinyanga yokuqala, kwaye ukwandisa loo mali ngeyure enye ngenyanga ukuya kwiiyunithi eziyi-8. "U Kwinyanga eneminyaka emibili, oko kuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho uya kuba wayiphuza malunga nee-ounces ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5 ngelo xesha.

I-AAP inikeza esinye isikhokelo esichaza ukuba "ngokuqhelekileyo, umntwana wakho kufuneka athathe malunga nee-2 / i-ounces ezimbini zefomula ngemini nganye kwimizi yesisindo somzimba." Ngoko kwintsuku eneminyaka emibili eneminyaka engama-2 ubudala, esilinganisa iipounds ezili-12, eziza kuba malunga nee-ounces ezingama-30 ngosuku.

Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ezi ziphakathi, ngoko ezinye iintsana zifuna ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwondlo ngalunye nangosuku ngalunye. Ukuba umntwana wakho unelisekile phakathi kokutya kunye nokufumana isisindo ngokuqhelekileyo, ngoko unokutya okwaneleyo.

Nini Ukutya Umntwana Wakho

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka usondle umntwana wakho xa elambile, kodwa mhlawumbi uye wahamba naye kwishedyuli ehleliyo ngoku.

Kule minyaka, ezininzi iintsana zidla malunga neeyure ezi-2 ukuya kwii-4, mhlawumbi enye ilanga elide elingama-4 ukuya kwi-6 iiyure xa zilele. Oku kudla ngokuguqulela kwi-7 ukuya kwi-9 yokutya ngomhla.

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Iishedyuli zokulala

IzithombeBazaar / Getty Izithombe

Ngaba umntwana wakho ulele ubusuku? Ngaba kufanele ukuba

Kuhlobo oluxhomekeke kwingcaciso yakho "ebusuku," kodwa abaninzi abaneminyaka engama-2 ubudala bahlala besuka bodwa kanye phakathi kobusuku ukuba badle. Enyanisweni, abaninzi banokuvuka kabini ukuba badle. Emva kwexesha elide elide li-4 ukuya kwi-6 iiyure, kwaye emva koko emva kweeyure ezingama-3 okanye ezine.

Ezinye iintsana ezinamazinyanga ezimbini ziyakwenza ukususela ngo-10 ntambama okanye ngo-11: 00 ukuya kutsho ngo-5 ngomhlaka-6 okanye ngo-6 ekuseni, kwaye abazali bazo baya kuqwalasela ukuba njengokulala "ebusuku." Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi iintsana, ziza kuba zenye enye inyanga okanye ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba zilale ubusuku bonke okanye iiyure ezili-10 okanye ezili-11 ngaphandle kokuvukela ukutya.

Ukuncedisa umntwana wakho ukuphucula ukulala ebusuku, kunokukunceda:

Zama ukubeka umntwana wakho embhedeni xa elele kodwa engahlali ngokulala. Sekunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba ufanele umshiye ukhale yedwa embhedeni wakhe ukuba akayi kulala yena ngokwakhe kule minyaka. Injongo ephambili kukuba umntwana wakho akafundanga ukudibana nokulala nokunyamekela okanye ukugubungela ekubeni ufuna ukuba ekugqibeleni ulale. Lo mkhuba ungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ukuba ufunde kwaye nokuba yinto ekufuneka usebenze kuyo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zentsana.
ukubeka umntwana wakho ukuba alele ngaphambi kokuba aphelelwe ngumzimba.
Qinisekisa ukuba awuvumeli ukulala kwakho nyanga ezimbini ezinyangeni emini, ukhumbula ukuba uneminyaka engama-2 ubudala elele ukulala malunga nee-7 okanye iiyure eziyi-8 ngelilanga kwi-naps e-3 eyahlukeneyo kunye ne-8 okanye i-9 iiyure busuku.
ukubeka ilindeleke ukuba ulindele umntwana wakho, ugcine engqondweni ukuba abanye abantwana abaneminyaka emibili badla yonke iiyure ezi-3 ebusuku, ngokukodwa ukuba besadla iiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezi-3 ngosuku.

Xoxa nodokotela wezilwanyana ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho akalala kwaye kufuneka abe.

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Ukhuseleko lweMveliso yeBantwana - iSihlalo seMntwana saseBumbo

Tom Merton / Getty Izithombe

Kwiiveki ezisibhozo, umntwana wakho usenokukhathala ngokulala nje ngeenxa zonke.

Ngoku ukuba unentamo engcono kunye nokulawula kwekhanda, mhlawumbi ufuna ukufumana isikhundla esithe tye ngakumbi okanye emininzi yosuku. Unokukuphawula oku njengoko umntwana wakho ekhuni okanye ekhuselekile xa ezama ukumbeka kwindawo apho elele khona nje, njengesihlalo somoto, isikhephe okanye isikhala. Esikhundleni sokulala phantsi lonke ixesha, umntwana wakho uya kufuna ukuqala ukuhlala phezulu rhoqo.

Kule nkalo, abazali abaninzi baqala ukusebenzisa i-swing okanye bouncer ukugcina umntwana wabo emnandi. Nangona abantwana bekunandipha le mveliso yobuntwana, ekubeni bebebeka ingcinezelo entloko yomntwana wakho, banokubeka umntwana wakho engozini yokuphuhlisa intloko.

Ezinye iimveliso zentsana enokuyithokoza ngalo umntwana wakho kule minyaka, kwaye enokukunceda ukugcina umntwana wakho kwindawo egciniweyo kunye nentloko yakhe, ndakanya:

esihlalweni, njengeBumbo
ukugoba umtya
umntwana ophetheyo

Abazali bavame ukucinga ngokusebenzisa umgca wengubo kwi-horizontal, i-newborn bearing position. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ungasebenzisa kwakhona ukuloba kwakho kwi-snuggle isikhundla sokugcina umntwana wakho ejongene nawe kwindawo efanelekileyo. Kwaye emva kokuba umntwana wakho osandul 'ukuzalwa uneminyaka emithathu ukuya ezintandathu ubudala, ungatshintshela kwisithuba se-kangaroo ukuze ubambe umntwana wakho ethe tye kwaye ekhangele phambili.

Bumbo lweSihlalo soKhuseleko lwaBantwana

Ngokungafani nokuguqula umtya okanye umntwana ophetheyo, iSihlalo seBumbo saseBumbo asibandakanyi nantoni na ukuncedisa intloko yengane yakho. Oko kubangela kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuxhasa intloko yentsana yakho ngelixa ehlala kwisihlalo seBumbo Baby okanye ulinde ade abe nekhono lokulawula ikhanda ukuhlala esihlalweni ngaphandle koncediso.

Abazali bafanele bakhumbule iilebula zelumkiso zeBumbo kwaye bangashiyi umntwana wabo bengalindelekanga okanye bafake umntwana wabo kwiBumbo kwindawo ephakamileyo, njengetafile, idesksi okanye i-countertop. Yaye khumbula ukuba iBumbo "yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwinqanaba lomgangatho kuphela."

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Buyela kwisikhumbuzo sokulala

Izithombe ngeTang Ming Tung / Getty Izithombe

I-syndrome yokufa kwintsana ngokukhawuleza, okanye i-SIDS, njengoko igama lichaza, yinto eyoyikisayo.

Ngethamsanqa, iirhafu ze-SIDS ziye zehla njengoko abazali befundiswe ukuba ukulala umntwana elele kumqolo wakhe kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko we-SIDS.

Ngeke ucinge ukuba abazali baya kufuna isikhumbuzo sokunciphisa ingozi yomntwana we-SIDS. Nangona kunjalo, uya kumangaliswa ukuba bangaphi abazali ababeka abantwana babo ukulala ngesisu ngenxa yokuba bacinga ukuba kubanceda balele kangcono.

Ezinye izikhumbuzo ezilungileyo ziquka:

buyela elele
buyela phambili

Amaqiniso ngeSIDS

Umngcipheko we-SIDS, uqala malunga nenyanga enye, unqabile kwiintsana. Kuye kwanda kuze kube yinto ephakamileyo xa umntwana wakho uneminyaka emibili ukuya kweyesithathu ubudala. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthathe onke amanyathelo okunciphisa unako ukunciphisa ingozi yengane yakho ye-SIDS ngoku ukuba umntwana wakho unesonto ezisibhozo.

Ukongeza kokubeka umntwana wakho embhedeni, kwaye kungekhona icala okanye isisu, ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yengane yakho ye-SIDS zibandakanya:

Njalo ubeke umntwana wakho alele kwi-matrix enekratshi ekhutshwe ngumshicileli, ngaphandle kwezinto ezithambileyo, ukulala ngokulala, imithwalo, okanye amathoyizi afakwe kwi-crib.
Ukuba umntwana wakho elele kwi-bassinet ehlukeneyo, isikhalazo, okanye umsila osondelene nombhede wakho kwigumbi elilodwa, kodwa kungekhona ebhedini lakho .
Ukunika umntwana wakho i-pacifier, ngoku ngoku ukuba umntwana wakho uneminyaka engaphezu kwenyanga ubudala, kodwa unikele kuphela nge-pacifier ngexesha lokulala, kwaye ungayifuni kwakhona xa umntwana wakho elele.
Ukungabonakalisi umntwana wakho ngomsi wesibindi.
Ukuthintela umntwana wakho ukuba angakhathazeki xa elele.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abanonophelo bayazi ngezi ngcebiso.

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Izifo zabantwana

Westend61 / Getty Izithombe

Ngethuba ixesha umntwana eseneminyaka e-ezisibhozo ubudala, mhlawumbi uya kuphuma endlwini kaninzi kwaye usenokuba usesikhatyweni. Oko kuthetha ukuba usele mngciphekweni kwiintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo zobuntwaneni.

Ukuqaphela iimpawu zezi zifo kunokukunceda ukulungiselela ukuba umntwana uyagula.

RSV

Ngelixa i-RSV inokubangela ubanda kubantwana abadala, kunokubangela ukusuleleka kubantwana abancinci. La bantwana, kuquka nabantwana abasanda kuzalwa, banokuhlakulela i-bronchiolitis, ehambelana nokuvuvukala emiphakeni, ukuphefumula nokuphefumula.

Croup

Iintsana ezinamaqhekeza zivusa phakathi phakathi kobusuku kunye nekhwehlo ezwakala ngathi isitywina sokuqhaqhazela kwaye ukuphefumula komsindo kunye nokukhala okukhulu.

URoseola

I-Roseola yintsholongwane ekhoyo yentsholongwane eyenza i-fever high iintsuku eziliqela. Emva kokuba umkhuhlane uphuphuke, ukugqithisa kuphuka yonke into emzimbeni wakho.

Umkhuhlane ohambayo

Iintsana ezinokukhwehlela okanye i-pertussis zingaba nokukhwehlela okungazinzima ukuba ziphefumle.

Ngelishwa, iintsana zisenomngcipheko wokukhupha izifo ezibangelwa ukukhukhuka kubantu abadala abangaba nokukhwehlela okukhawuleza okubangelwa yimeko engaziwayo ye-pertussis. Yaye ngelixa kukho i-pertussis yokugonya, umntwana wakho akakhuselekanga de emva kokufumana i-dose yesithathu xa sele eneminyaka ezintandathu ubudala.

Rotavirus

I-Rotavirus yimbangela eqhelekileyo ye-viral gastroenteritis kubantwana, kubangela ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, kunye nomkhuhlane. Ingane yakho inokufumana i-rotavirus entsha yokugonya, uRotaTeq, xa ineminyaka emibili, emine, neyesithandathu ubudala ubudala ukunceda ukunciphisa amathuba akhe okugula nge-rotavirus.

Izifo Zentloko

Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokusulela indlebe zingabandakanya ubuhlungu beendlebe, umkhuhlane, ukuxubha, ukukhwela ezindlebeni, umchamo weendlebe, zonke ezo zihlala zihamba kunye nebandayo.

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Iveki Eight Q & A - Iiveki kunye neenyanga

Westend61 / Getty Izithombe

Q. Uliphi ixesha lokuyeka ukuchaza ubudala bentsana yakho kwiiveki kwaye uqale ukusebenzisa iinyanga? Ngokomzekelo, xa ndithi umntwana wam iiveki ezisibhozo okanye iinyanga ezimbini ubudala?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abaninzi abazali basebenzisa iiveki de kube kudideka.

Ngokomzekelo, abantu bayakwazi ngokuthe ngqo ukuba uthetha ntoni xa uthe umntwana wakho uneminyaka ezintandathu, ezisibhozo, okanye iiveki ezili-10 ubudala. Kudideka kakhulu xa uthe umntwana wakho uneminyaka eyi-14, 18, okanye iiveki ezingama-20 ubudala, nangona kunjalo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa iiveki ezinxulumene neenyanga ngokuqinisekileyo kuyinto ekhethekileyo.

Gcina ukhumbule ukuba udokotela wakho wezilwanyana unokusebenzisa iiveki ade umntwana wakho uneminyaka emibili ukuya kweyesithathu ubudala. Ukusebenzisa iiveki kuvumela ukuba oonyana bakho baqonde ngakumbi xa ukhetha unyango lwezonyango xa umntwana wakho egula.

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Iveki Eyesibhozo zeZonyango ezisibhozo - Ukulahleka kweenwele

Cecile Lavabre / Getty Izithombe

Okumangalisa kukuba, iintsana zihlala zilahlekelwa ziboya, nazo zibizwa ngokuba yi-alopecia.

Kwaye abo bazalwa benentloko yeenwele banokufumanisa ukuba mhlawumbi baxakeke baze bawele yonke indawo. Ezinye iintsana zifumana indawo yecala emva kweentloko zawo.

Ukulahleka kweenwele kwiintsana ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye iinwele ziya kukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Telogen Effluvium

I-Telogen effluvium yigama lezonyango elichaza ukulahleka kweenwele zentsana eziqhelekileyo. Izinwele zentsana zihlala zihlala kwindawo yokuphumla ebangela ukuba iwele lula. Oku kudla njalo kubantwana abadala nakubantu abadala emva kokugula okunzulu okunjengesifo esikhulu, ukhuhlane oluphezulu okanye ukuhlinzwa okukhulu.

Emva kokuba ubunwele bentsana bakho bungena kumjikelezo wokukhula kwakhona, iinwele, zokuphumula ziphelelwa ngaphandle, okwenza kubonakale ngathi umntwana wakho ulahlekelwa iincwele zakhe.

I-Friction Alopecia

Enye indlela iintsana ezilahlekelwa ngayo iinwele zabo xa zilala kwindawo efanayo, ngokukodwa isitrato emhlane wabo. Ezi ntsana zihlala zixubha intloko yabo emakhonteni abo, isihlalo saloo moto okanye swayipha. Ukuqhaqha ukuxubha intloko malunga nale ndawo kubangela ukuba izinwele ziphume, zenze iindawo ezincinci ze-bald emva kwentloko yesana.

Ngethamsanqa, la mabala enqabileyo ngokukhawuleza azalise ngeenwele xa umntwana ehleli, eqaqa phambili, kwaye echitha ixesha elincinane emva kwakhe.

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Iinyanga eziMibini i-Well Child Check

JGI / Jamie Grill / Getty Izithombe

Uza kubakho rhoqo ukutyelela oogqirha bonyango wakho kunyaka wokuqala wobomi bomntwana wakho ukujonga ngokukhawuleza ukukhula kunye nophuhliso lwakhe. Ezi ziquka ukuhambela ezimbini, ezine, ezithandathu, ezithoba, neenyanga ezilishumi elinesibini.

Ukuze ufumane uninzi lwezi zihlandlo, bhala phantsi nayiphi na imibuzo ongayenza ngayo kubantwana bakho ngaphambi kokutyelela ukuze ungabalibali. Uluhlu loLutsha lokuHlola lunokukunceda ulungiselele ukuhlolwa kwengane yakho.

Kwiinyanga ezimbini zokuhlola, unokulindela:

Ukuhlolwa okusemgangathweni ngokusemgangathweni kwiintshontsho zentsana yakho ukujonga i-hip dysplasia
Uviwo lokukhula kosana lwakho nophuhliso
Ukuhlaziywa kweeshedyuli zokutya nokulala
Ukulinganisa ubude bakhe, ubunzima, kunye nentloko
Ukucebisa ukunqanda ukulimala
Ukugonywa: DTaP, HepB, Hib, IPV, Prevnar, RotaTeq

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kunye nezingane zakho kuza kuba xa usana lwakho luneenyanga ezine ubudala.

Izixhobo ezingakumbi

> Imithombo:

_{I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics Policy Statement.} _{Ukuxiliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa koMlambo wabantu.} _{Ukuxiliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa koMlambo wabantu.}

_{I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics Policy Statement.} _{I-Conforming Concept ye-Child Immance Death Syndrome.} _{PEDIATRICS Vol.} _{116 No. 5 Novemba 2005, iphe. 1245-1255.}