I-AAP Yenza Izikhokelo Zokulala Ezikhuselekileyo Zokunciphisa Inani Lokufa Okuhlobene Nokulala
Ngo-2016, i-American Academy ye-Pediatrics (AAP) yashicilele ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezikhuselekileyo zokulala kubantwana kwiinzame zokunceda ukukhusela isifo se-infantry sudden (SIDS) kunye nokufa okuhlobene nokulala okufana nokuqhwala nokuxhatshazwa. Ngokwenza njalo, banike iziphakamiso ezingama-19 ukukhusela umntwana wakho. Into enokumangalisa kukuba ezinye zazo zenzeka ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho azalwe.
Izinto ezisisiseko kukuba kufuneka ulandele zonke izikhokelo zempilo nezokhuseleko, kubandakanya ukunakekelwa kokubeleka kunye nokunakekelwa kakuhle , wena kunye nosana lwakho. Oku kubandakanya iigcino zamancinci ezisetyenziswa ngamaziko okuLawula nokuLawula (CDC) izikhokelo. Kufuneka uqaphele kwaye ugweme ukusebenzisa iincinci zokulala ezincinci ezenza amabango ukukhusela kwi-SIDS nakweminye ingozi ngexesha lokulala umntwana njengoko kungekho cwaningo. Ukuncelisa isisu kukukhusela kwaye kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufa kwaye xa uncelisa umntwana wakho ebusuku, ukhuseleko olukhuselekileyo olukhuselekileyo lukhusele ngaphezu kombhede okanye isihlalo kufuneka ulale ngengozi. Ungafunda iinkcukacha ezingezantsi, kuquka amanye amathiphu anceda wena kunye nabo banomdla umntwana wakho.
Ukukhulelwa
Abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka bafune kwaye bafumane ukunyamekela kokubeleka. Ukunyamekela kwangaphambi kokubeletha yinto enokukunceda ngokwenene kwiiveki ezingama-40 zokukhulelwa. Inkqubo yokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha ayikuncedi kuphela ukubonelela umntu okhulelweyo kunye nosana okanye iintsana ithuba elihle lokukhulelwa okukhuselekileyo kunye nokungabikho kwengxaki, kodwa kunceda ukubeka ithoni yemoya yezempilo yobomi.
Umntwana ozalwe emva kokukhulelwa kwengxaki kunokuzaliswa ingozi enkulu kwiingxaki, kubandakanya i-SIDS. Ngokukhusela iingxaki zokukhulelwa ezinjengokuzalwa kwangaphambili xa kunokwenzeka kwaye ukwandisa indlela yokuphila enempilo, iinzuzo zihamba ngokukhulelwa kwangaphambili kunye nobuntwana.
Gwema ukukhutshwa komsi ngexesha lokukhulelwa nangemva kokuzalwa. Gwema utywala kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa nangemva kokuzalwa. Ukubhema kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye notywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuye kwaziwa ixesha elide ukuba kubangele iingxaki ezinokukhulelwa, kubandakanywa abasebenzi bokuqala , abantwana abancinci beminyaka yobudala (SGA) iintsana , iingxaki ezinobungozi , njl njl.
Kukho ubungqina bokuba ngaphezu kweengozi ezingabangela ukukhulelwa, zikhona iingxaki ezinokubakho kamva, kubandakanywa umngcipheko we-SIDS. Nceda uqaphele ukuba esi siphakamiso siyaqhubeka kubomi bentsana, ngokukodwa ngokubhema kwaye akubandakanyi kuphela umama kodwa abo bajikeleze umntwana.
Infancy
Buyela ekulala kuwo wonke ubuthongo. Ukuba usana lwakho ulala ebusweni babo luboniswe ukunciphisa inani lokufa kwi-SIDS ngokukhawuleza ukususela ekuphunyezweni kwePhulo lokuBala kwi-Sleep (okwangoku ukhuselekileyo kwi-Sleep campaign) ukusuka kwi-AAP kunye namaqabane. Esi sincomo kukuba bonke balala nabo bonke abaniki-nkonzo. Kubalulekile ukuba wenze oku kwaye uqiniseke ukuba nabani na onyamekela umntwana wakho wenza okufanayo, kubandakanya oogogo nomkhulu kunye nabanikezeli benkonzo.
Sebenzisa indawo yokulala eqinile. Ngethuba uqala ukucinga ukuba oku kuhambelana nokuqina kwendawo yamatrita e-crib, oko kukuthi, ngokuphathelele ukuphepha ukulala kubantwana njengamaqhekeza, iibhedi zamanzi, njl njl. Ezi ndawo ziboniswe ukwandisa umngcipheko wokuxhatshazwa kunye nokufa kwiintsana.
Ukuncinwa kukhuthazwa. Ukuncelisa ukukhusela kukukhusela kwaye kunceda ukukhusela i-SIDS, ngaphezu kweminye inzuzo.
Olu khuselo lwandisa ixesha elide uluncelisayo kwaye liphezulu xa unikezela umntwana wakho ubisi lwebele kuphela. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba nayiphi na ubisi lwebele lubakhusela kwaye umntwana wakho uya kufumana ezi zinzuzo xa efumana ubisi lwebele ngebhotile okanye indebe. Enye yeenguqu ezithandekayo kule nkcazo yeziphakamiso kukuba ukuba umama uya kuncelisa ubusuku, bacebisa ukuba ukuba ulele, mbuyisela umntwana kumbhede wakho (omele uqiniseke ngokwale mi khokelo) xa uthe walala nobantwana. Kuye kubekho iimeko ezininzi zokufa kwabantwana apho abazali, becinga ukuba bavikelekile, balele belele xa besondla umntwana phakathi kobusuku embhedeni okanye esihlalweni, kuphela ukuba umntwana ahlale elala embhedeni.
Ukwabelana kwamagumbi kunye nosana kwindawo yokulala ehlukeneyo kunconywa. Ukugcina umntwana wakho egumbini lakho kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala unokunceda ukukhusela umntwana wakho. I-AAP icebisa ukuba oku kufuneka kube kwibhedi ehlukeneyo xa ungayilandelanga ezinye zezikhokelo ezilapha ngasentla malunga nokwabelana ngebhedi kunye nosana lwakho. Oku kungabikho kwisikritshi, i-bassinet, okanye ulala ngecala.
Gcina izinto ezithambileyo kunye nokulala okulalayo kwindawo yokulala yintsana. Zonke iindawo zokulala, kubandakanya umbhede womzali, kufuneka zikhululeke izinto eziphathekayo, kuquka ubhedu obongezelelweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ufanele udibanise amathoyizi, imilenze yomntwana, kwaye mhlawumbi ezinye zeembhobho kunye nezinye iibhotile zokukhusela. Kungcono ukugcina umntwana wakho egqoke iimpahla ezinxibeleleyo kunokuba eneembotyi ezinokubamba kwaye zitshintshe umntwana.
Cinga ukunikela nge-pacifier ngexesha le-nap kunye nexesha lokulala. Kukho uphando oluthile olubonisa umntwana onentlalontle inokuba neyona mngcipheko we-SIDS. Nangona kunjalo, kuphawulwe ukuba awufanele umnyanzela umntwana ukuba athathe i-pacifier. Ungaphinda ufune ukunikezela nge-pacifier kuphela emva kokuncelisa ukuxiliswa kusekwe ngokufanelekileyo ukukhusela ubisi lwakho.
Kuphephe ukugqithisa. Iintsana zivame ukubonwa zikhishwe ngetoni yeempahla ezingaphezulu, kwanexesha lasehlobo. Nangona iintsana ziza kuba nemiba kunye nomgaqo wokushisa, abafaneki badinga ngaphezu kocingo ophezulu ngaphezu koko sizakugqoka. Nangona kungcono ukusebenzisa umntu olalayo ngaphandle kwengubo, qiniseka ukuba imozulu ifanelekile.
Iintsana kufuneka zigonywe ngokuhambelana neengcebiso ze-AAP neCDC. Umntwana ophilileyo akanako ukufa nge-SIDS ngaphezu kwezifo ezikhuselweyo.
Ukugcinwa, ukuphaphama kwimizuzu yesondlo kucetyiswa ukuba kuphuculwe uphuhliso kunye nokunciphisa ukuphuhliswa kwepalgiocephaly. Enye yezinto ezixhalabisayo zokulala emva kwimeko yendawo ye-plagiocephaly , apho intloko yentsana iya kuba yintlanzi yokulala kuyo. Ukukunceda ukukhusela oku kungenzeki, ixesha lokuncoma linconywa umntwana wakho ngexesha lokuvusa ngelixa unako ukuhlawula kunye nokukhusela umntwana wakho engozini.
Imveliso
Gwema ukusebenzisa izixhobo zorhwebo ezingahambelani neengcebiso zokulala ezikhuselekileyo. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezithengiswa kubazali abatsha. Zininzi zale mveliso zenza amabango angakhange aqinisekiswe ngophando lwezenzululwazi. Oku kungakhokelela kwiingozi ezenza ingozi okanye ukufa kumntwana wakho. Kukho eziliqela ezikhunjulwayo kule minyaka edlulileyo yale mveliso yeemveliso. I-AAP ifuna ukuya kwelinye inyathelo kwaye likhusele abazali ekuthengeni iimveliso ngokusekelwe kula mabango amanga. Ngoko ukuba ubona into kwaye ucinge ngokuthenga, khawuqwalasele kwakhona ukuba amabango ayabonakala engabonakaliyo kwezi zikhokelo.
Akukho bu bungqina bokucebisa i-swaddling njengeqhinga lokunciphisa ingozi ye-SIDS. I-Swaddling ibanjwe njengendlela yokukhusela i-SIDS. Oku akuzange kufumaneke kuphando. Ngoko ukuba umntwana wakho uyamthiya ukukhwabanisa, ungaxineli ngako. Ukuba wenza i-swaddle yakho intsana, qiniseka ukuba ubukele ukutshisa kunye nokukhusela amaqatha phakathi kwezinye izicwangciso ze-swaddle ezikhuselekileyo.
Ungasebenzisi basebenzi bee-cardiorespiratory njengeqhinga lokunciphisa ingozi ye-SIDS. Abanye abazali baye bacinga ukuba ukubeka iliso ukubukela umntwana kuya kuba luncedo, kodwa oku akufunyanwanga ukuba kunjalo. Gcina imali yakho kwaye uthethe ngutitshala wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izixhobo zonyango lwasekhaya.
Nkqubo
Qhubekani uphando kunye nokuvavanya kwimiba yobungozi, imbangela, kunye neendlela zokuziphatha kwe-SIDS kunye nokufa kwabantwana abancinci belele, kunye nenjongo yokugqibela yokuphelisa oku kufa. Uphando kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo uye wenza okuninzi ukukhusela ukufa kwabantwana njengoko kuhlobene nokulala. Kufuneka sihlale silindile kwaye siqhubeke sifuna iindlela zokuthintela oku kufa.
Abeendaba kunye nabavelisi kufuneka balandele izikhokelo zokulala ezikhuselekileyo kwimilayezo yabo kunye neentengiso. I-AAP iphakamisa ikhwelo layo kubakhiqizi bemveliso ukuba bangathathi iindwendwe kwiintsapho eziyesabayo kwaye zibuze ukuba zenzeni ukukunceda ukugcina iintsana zabo. I-AAP ifuna ukuba benze isabelo sabo esifanelekileyo ekukhuseleni iintsapho.
Qhubeka no-"Safe to Sleep" campaign, ugxininise iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufa kwabantwana abaswele ukulala, kuquka ne-SIDS, ukuxhatshazwa, kunye nokufa okungafunekiyo. Eli phulo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abazali bayazi iindlela zokugcina abantwana babo bekhuselekile. Ngokuqhubeka, sinokukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abazali bafumana lo myalezo.
Ababoneleli bezempilo, abasebenzi be-NICU, kunye nabanikezeli bamanyango abantwana kufuneka bavume kwaye bafezekise iingcebiso zokunciphisa ingozi kwi-SIDS ukusuka ekuzalweni. Inxalenye yemigudu yemfundo yale phulo kukufikelela kubantu ngaphandle kwabazali abanokunyamekela abantwana bakho. Oku kubandakanya oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi abanyamekela umntwana wakho esibhedlele nakwiofisi zonyango. Kwakhona kubandakanya nabasebenzi bokunakekelwa kwamasango apho umntwana wakho elala khona emini.
Ootitshala bezilwanyana kunye nabanye ababonelela ngononophelo bokuqala kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba kweli phulo. Injongo yale phulo lemfundo kukufikelela kubo bonke abadala. Nangona oko kubonakala kubanzi, khumbula ukuba abantu abaninzi banokuqhagamshelana nomntwana wakho kwaye bangayi kwiqela lezakhono. Cinga ngabantu abangasebenza kwizikole zenu zeecawa, ezi ziza kuba ngamavolontiya abengenabo abantwana okanye abantwana babo abadala, oku kuthetha ukuba abazange bakuve malunga nezikhokelo ezintsha.
> Imithombo:
> Blair PS, Sidebotham P, uPaase A, uFleming PJ. Ukwabelana ngebhedi ngokungabikho kwezimo ezinobungozi: ngaba kukho umngcipheko we-infant disease death syndrome? Uhlalutyo olwenziwe kwizifundo ezimbini zolawulo oluqhutyelwa e-UK. PLoS One . 2014; 9 (9): e107799.
> Inyanga RY; I-AAP Task Force kwiSifo Sokufa Kwasemva Kamsana. I-SIDS kunye nokufa kwabantwana abaswele ukulala: Ubungqina bokuba ubungqina bonyaka ka-2016 buhlaziywe iziphakamiso zendawo yokulala ebusana ephephile. Pediatrics . 2016; 138 (5): e20162940.
> Rechtman LR, Colvin JD, Blair PS, inyanga RY. Iifestile kunye nokufa kwabantwana. Pediatrics . 2014; 134 (5).
> Scheers NJ, Woodard DW, iThach BT. I-crip bumpers iyaqhubeka nokudala ukufa kwabantwana: imfuno yendlela entsha yokukhusela. J Pediatr. 2016; 169: 93-97, e91.
> I-SIDS kunye nezinye zokufa kwabantwana abasweleyo: Ukuhlaziywa ngo-2016 Iziphakamiso zeNtsana ekhuselekileyo yokulala. I-FORCE YOKUPHAKHA KWENKQUBO YOKUSEBENZISWA KWE-SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME. Zonyango ; esashicilelwe ekuqaleni kwe-Oktobha 24, 2016; INGXELO: 10.1542 / iindlwana.2016-2938.