Uphuhliso noPhuhliso lweZiseko
I-mean or weight average birth weight e-United States malunga ne-3,389g okanye i-7 lb, 7.5 oz.
Nangona kunjalo, nayiphi na isisindo sokuzalwa segama elitsha phakathi kwe-5 lbs, 8 oz, ne-8 lbs, 13 oz ithathwa njengesiqhelo.
Ubunzima bokuzalwa kwabantwana
Ngo-2013, kwakukho:
- Abazali abangama-55,947 ngo-1499g okanye ngaphantsi (3.3 iipounds okanye ngaphantsi)
- Ukuzalwa kuka-61,992 ukusuka ku-1500g ukuya ku-1999g (3.3 ukuya kuma-4.4 iipounds)
- Ukuzalwa kwama-200,908 ukusuka ku-2000g ukuya kuma-2499g (4.4 ukuya kuma-5,5 iilipi)
- Ukuzalwa kwama-727,987 ukususela kuma-2500g ukuya ku-2999g (5.5 ukuya kuma-6.6 iipounds)
- Ukuzalwa kwama-1,546,274 ukusuka ku-3000g ukuya ku-3499g (6.6 ukuya ku-7.7 iilipi)
- Ukuzalwa kwama-1,071,007 ukusuka ku-3500g ukuya kwi-3999g (i-7.7 ukuya kuma-8.8 iipounds)
- Ukuzalwa oku-276,592 ukusuka ku-4000g ukuya ku-4499g (8.8 ukuya kuma-9.9 iilipi)
- Ukuzalwa okungama-39,353 ukusuka ku-4500g ukuya kwi-4999g (9.9 ukuya kuma-11 iipounds)
- Ukuzalwa kwabangu-4 746 ukusuka ku-5000g ukuya ku-8165g
Nangona ininzi iintsana zizalwa phakathi kwama-3,000g (6 lbs, 9 oz) kunye no-3,499g (7 lbs, 11oz), kukho ububanzi obubanzi beentsana ezizigidi ezi-4 ezizalwa ngonyaka-ukusuka ku-1 ngaphantsi kweepounds ukuya ngaphezulu Iipounds ezili-16. Iintsana ezincinci ziqhelekile kakhulu.
Ukunyuka kweMithwalo yoTyekelo lokuzalwa kwabantwana
Kuyaziwa kakuhle ukuba abantwana bayanda, nangobunzima buntwini obunobulunga obuqhubekayo yingxaki. Kwaye ezinye iingcali zicinga ukuba ezinye zeengxaki zokugqithisa zinokuqala ekuqaleni kwexesha elitsha. Ingaba iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa zikhula , na?
Iimpawu zamva nje ngokulinganisa okulinganayo ziquka:
- 1990 - 7 lbs, 9.4 oz
- Ngo-1995 - 7 lbs, 9.17 oz
- 2000 - 7 lbs, 8.95 oz
- 2005 - 7 lbs, 7.54 oz
Njengoko uyakubona, amanani abonisa ukuba iintsana zifumana incinci encinci, kwaye oku akucingelwa ukuba ngenxa yeintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha okanye ezinye izinto ezizimeleyo.
Ulwahlulo olusandul 'ukuzalwa
Ngokuxhomekeke kwisisindo sokuzalwa kwabo kunye nobudala babo obudala , usebenzisa iitshathi ezizodwa zokukhula, iintsana zikwahlula njengezi:
- I-Small for age-gestational (SGA) - ubunzima bokuzalwa ngaphantsi kwe-10 percentile
- Ilungelelaniso leminyaka yobudala (AGA) - isisindo sokuzalwa esiqhelekileyo
- Umkhulu wexesha lokugaya (LGA) - ubunzima bokuzalwa ngaphezu kwe-90 percentile
- Isithintelo soKhula kwe-Intrauterine (IUGR) - ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi kunokuba kulindeleke ukuba ubudala bomntwana bunzima
- Ubunzima bokuzalwa obukhulu kakhulu (ELBW) - ukuzalwa kokuzalwa ngaphantsi kwama-gramu ayi-1000 okanye iipiliyoni ezingama-2.2
- Ubunzima bokuzalwa obukhulu kakhulu (VLBW) - uzalwa lokuzalwa ngaphantsi kwama-1500 amagremu okanye ama-3.3
- Ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi (LBW) - ukuzalwa kokuzalwa ngaphantsi kwama-2500 amagremu okanye ama-5.5
- Ukuzalwa okuqhelekileyo - phakathi kwama-5 lbs, 8 oz kunye ne-8 lbs, 13 oz
- Isisindo sokuzalwa esiphezulu (HBW) - ukuzalwa komzimba okungaphezu kwama-4000g okanye ama-8.8
Kutheni zonke izigaba ezahlukeneyo? Uninzi lunokusetyenziswa kunye. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa usenokuzalwa ngokuzalwa okuphantsi kokuzalwa okanye konke ukukhula okuphantsi kakhulu, kodwa kusenokuba ubunzima obufanelekileyo ngexesha lobudala bakhe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umntwana osisigxina ozalwe kwi-2 500g (5.5 iipounds) mhlawumbi uya kubalwa njengeSGA kunye ne-IUGR.
Yintoni Oyaziyo Ngomyinge wezilwanyana zokuzalwa
Ukongezelela kwezi ngcebiso, ezinye izinto ozaziyo malunga nokuzalwa kwesisindo esiphakathi kubantwana ziquka ukuba:
- Kwakukho ukuzalwa kwama-3,988,076 e-United States ngo-2014 , okwakusenyuka malunga ne-1% ukususela ngo-2013.
- Amazinga okuzalwa asebancinane asematyaleni omlando.
- Ixesha elidlulileyo lokuba oomama banomntwana wabo wokuqala uqhubeka nokunyuka kwaye ngoku uneminyaka engama-26.3.
- Iingxowa zokuhlawulelwa kwezibonelelo kunye nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuqala kokunciphisa ngo-2014.
Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, khumbula ukuba ezininzi izinto zichaphazela ukuba umntwana wakho uza kuba bunzima kangakanani xa ezalwa, ukusuka ubude bokukhulelwa kwakho kwiimpawu zemizimba. Kwaye nokuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho mkhulu kakhulu, uncinci, okanye ulungile, ubungakanani bomntwana ekuzalweni akulindelekanga ukuba ubungakanani bawo bube bubungakanani xa bekhula .
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. IZiko leSizwe leeMpilo zoLwazi. VitalStats.
> Donahue, S M. Iintlobo zokuzalwa kwesisindo kunye nobude bezobukhulu phakathi kweZing Birth Birth Terminal e-United States: 1990-2005. I-Obstetrics & Gynecology. Umqulu: 115 Issue: 2 Pt 1 (2010-02-01) iphe. 357-64.
> Hamilton BE, uMartin JA, Osterman MJK, et al. Ukuzalwa: Iinkcukacha zokugqibela ze-2014 I-vol no-12 ayi-12. I-Hyattsville, MD: iZiko leSizwe leeNkcukacha zezeMpilo.