Isikhokelo Sokudala-Nge-Age kwiZigaba zoPhuhliso lwaBantwana

Yintoni onokuyilindela ekuzalweni ngokusebenzisa ubutsha

Ukususela kwiminithi abazalelwa kuyo, abantwana bakhula ngamazinga ahlukeneyo kwaye bahlakulele ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwiingqungquthela ezinkulu, zihamba ngokuguqulwa okukhulu-ukususela ekuxileni kwibele okanye kwibhotile ukuya ekufikeni ubusuku-kwaye kufinyelele kwiimfuno ezibalulekileyo zokukhula ngokomoya ngexesha elifanayo.

Kodwa nangona kunikwe ukuba kukho uluhlu oluqhelekileyo oluqhelekileyo xa kuthethwa kwisantya apho abantwana beqhamuka kwiintsana ezincinci zokubethelwa kwentsha, kunokwenzeka ukuqikelela ngezinga elithile lokuqinisekiswa apho umntwana uya kuba seminyaka ethile kunye nesigaba. Nantsi isiqalo esiphezulu senkqubela yentuthuko yabantwana ukususela kwimini enye de ikhulile.

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Wakho osana

Ukutya nokutya

Ukuba uceba ukumncelisa , faka umntwana wakho kwibele yakho ngokukhawuleza xa ezalwa. Uya kuzama ngokuzenzekelayo ukufumana ingono yakho, nangona engasenakucima ngokukhawuleza. Kulungile. Uya kuba nexesha elininzi lokuseka isibophelelo sokuncelisa. Akunakukwazi ukwenza oku ukuba unayo icandelo lesarean , kodwa ungakhathazeki: Uza kuba nethuba lokuncelisa xa usuke uphume kwigumbi lokubuyisela. Ngandlela-thile, umongikazi uya kuba nako ukunceda wena kunye nosana lwakho ufumane uxolo lokunesi. Kuyinto engokwemvelo ukuyenza, kodwa akusoloko kulula ukuqalisa. Ukuba udinga uncedo emva kokuba uye ekhaya, umcebisi we-lactation unokukunika ukhokelo olongezelelweyo kunye nenkxaso.

Indlela efanelekileyo yokumisela ukunyusa ukutya akuyi kuluhlela. Endaweni yoko, unesi ekufuneni-oko kukuthi, xa umntwana wakho evukile aze abuze (kakuhle, ukukhala) ukuba atywe. Oku kuya kuba njalo rhoqo emva kwemizuzu engama-90. Iintsana ezondla ifom ephuma kwibhotile ziza kuthatha ii-ounces ezi-1 ukuya kwiiyure ezimbini ukuya kwiiyure ezine. Ifomula oyikhethayo kufuneka iqiniswe ngesinyithi. Udokotela wakho wezilwanyana uya kuba nako ukunceda ukhethe okulungileyo kumntwana wakho.

Ukulala

Xa umntwana wakho osandula engadli, mhlawumbi uya kulala . Ukuba unako, yenza okufanayo: Nambani xa elala kwaye uvumele omnye umntu anakekele imisebenzi yasekhaya. Ufuna zonke ezinye onokuzifumana ukuze uphinde ufumane ukuzala. I-National Sleep Foundation (i-NSF) incoma iintsana kunye neentsana ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3 zokulala ezi-14 ukuya kuma-17 iiyure ngosuku, nangona ezinye iintsana zimbalwa nje ngeeyure ezili-11 okanye ezili-19 ziyamkeleka. Ukuba umncinane wakho ulele ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwelo xesha, vumela oonyana bakho bazi.

Ukuhlolwa kokuQala

Udokotela wakho wezilwanyana uya kufuna ukubona umntwana wakho xa eneminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwi-5 ubudala. Ngenxa yokuba zonke iintsana zilahlekelwa i-ounces ezimbalwa kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala, ugqirha uya kulubala ubuncinci bakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba akayekanga amaninzi. Uya kuhlala ehlala emjonga ukuba i- jaundice .

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Indlela ekhuselekileyo yonyana yokuhamba emotweni isesikhundleni sokugqibela, ngokukhuselekile ikhonxwe kwisitulo esibheke ngasemva. Enyanisweni, isibhedlele okanye isikhungo se-birthing kuya kufuna ukuba ngaphambi kokuba uthathe umntwana wakho ekhaya. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlanganisa isitulo semoto kunokukhohlisa. Ukuba udinga uncedo ngalolu hlobo, khangela kwisebe lendawo yamapolisa. Baya kuba neengcali zecala lokuhlala emotweni okanye banokukuqondisa kwelinye.
• Beka umntwana wakho alele kumqolo wakhe ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-infant disease syndrome (SIDS ). Ungalokothi umbeke phantsi yedwa kumbhodlela wamanzi okanye i-beanbag, kwaye ushiye amathoyizi athobileyo okanye iingubo ezigqithisiweyo kwi-bassinet yakhe okanye isikhalazo esingazijonga ngandlela-thile ubuso bakhe kwaye simvimbele ukuphefumla.
• Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho akhulile kwaye isistim somzimba sakhe sesigxina, sinomqondo omuhle ukumgcina kumaqela amakhulu abantu okanye abanye abantwana abagulayo. Ungabi namahloni ngokubuza umntu ofuna ukubamba umntwana wakho ukuhlamba izandla kuqala.

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Iintsana zakho ezineminyaka eli-2 ukuya kwe-8 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Ukuba uncelisa: Unesiza umntwana wakho ngokufunwa ngokulandela iziphumo zakhe. Akukho ukukhala konke kuthetha ukuba ulambile, ngoko ke ukuba ubonakala ufuna ukutya ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuneeyure nesiqingatha okanye kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba akaphikisi ngenxa yokuba ufuna ukuguqulwa kwe-diaper okanye akakhululekile ngesizathu esithile. Mhlawumbi inqaku elincinci entanyeni ye-onese likhanda intamo yakhe, okanye ayifudumala ngokwaneleyo. (Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintsana zidinga olunye uluhlu olungaphezulu kunabantwana asebekhulile kunye nabantu abadala.) Unokudinwa kwaye unenkxwaleko.

Ukuba usondlo lwebhotile: Intsana yakho iya kuthatha ii-ounces ezi-2 ukuya kuma-3 zendlela yokuchithwa kwesebe rhoqo kwiiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezine.

Ukulala

Ukuba umntwana wakho elala ngaphezu kweeyure ezine okanye ezintlanu ngaphandle kokondla, mvusa ngenyameko kumnesi okanye uthathe ibhotile. Eyona nto, uya kubhenkcela i-14 ukuya kwi-17 iiyure ngosuku, kwaye akukho ngaphantsi kwe-11 okanye ngaphezulu kwe-19, ngokwe-NSF.

Ukuhlolwa kweeveki ezimbini

Kulo tyelelo olusenyana, umntwana wezilwanyana uya kulinganisa ukuphakama kwengane yakho, ubunzima, kunye nentloko kunye nokumhlola ukuba akhule kwaye aphuhlise njengoko kulindeleke. Ngalesi sikhathi kufuneka ukuba afinyelele (okanye ogqithiswe ngamanani ambalwa) ubunzima bakhe bokuzalwa . Ugqirha unokuphinda aphinde iimvavanyo zomntwana wakho omtsha. Ukuba umntwana wakho akafumananga ukugonywa kwakhe kwe-hepatitis B kwisibhedlele, unokufumana udutshulwa kwi-2-week-checkup.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Kwiiveki ezi-4 ungacinga ukuzisa umntwana wakho kwi- pacifier . Kuya kuncedisa ukwanelisa isidingo sakhe sokusana, esiyinzululwazi esinamandla nesithuthuzelayo kwiintsana ezintsha. I-binky ingakhonza enye injongo ebalulekileyo: Kukho uphando olubonisa ukusebenzisa i-pacifier lunokukhusela kwi-SIDS. I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics (AAP) icebisa ukunika i-pacifier ngexesha lokulala. Ukuba ithe yawela emlonyeni wakho umntwana xa ephuma, ungayibuyisela kwakhona.
• Eminye imiba yempilo eqhelekileyo ukuba iyazi kwiiveki ezimbini ziye zahlaziya kunye ne-baby acne.

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Umntwana wakho oneminyaka eli-2 ukuya kwe-3 ubudala ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Ukuba unamncelisayo: Nangona kufuneka uqhubeke nokutya ngesondlo, mhlawumbi umntwana wakho (ekugqibeleni) uya kuba neshedyuli esivamile kwaye akwazi ukuhamba iiyure ezintathu ukuya kwezine phakathi kweeseshoni zokongamela.

Ukuba usondlo lwebhotile : Umntwana wakho uya kuthatha ama-ounces ama-5 ukuya kuma-6 enomtshini ochanekileyo wensimbi rhoqo emva kweeyure ezintathu ukuya kwezine. Iimbalo ezimbalwa zokuncedisa ibhotile ukugcina engqondweni: Musa ukubeka encinane ibhotile yakho okanye uqhube ibhotile ukuze umondle "ngaphandle kwezandla." Yaye ke awuyikutshisa i-formula, okanye ubisi lwebele kulo mbandela, kwi-microwave. Faka ibhotile kwisitya esipheleleyo ngamanzi ashisayo kwiminithi embalwa ukukhupha.

Akukho mfuneko yokunika amanzi umntwana wakho, ijusi, okanye ukotya okwamanje. Enyanisweni, i-AAP icebisa ukulinda de kube ngumntwana oneminyaka elilodwa ngaphambi kokunikela ijusi, nokuba ngaba i-100% yejusi yesithelo. Kodwa qaphela ukuba i-AAP icebisa ukuba abantwana abancinciweyo bafumane i-vitamin D yomlomo behla nganye imihla ukukhuthaza amathambo anamandla, anempilo.

Ukulala

Kuze kube ngoku, umntwana wakho walala e-bassinet okanye kwindawo yokulala. Eli lixesha elihle lokumhambisa kwisibhedlele. Yenza indawo ephephile yokulala: Musa ukubeka iibumpers okanye ukulala okulalayo kwisibhedlele. Iphepha elidibeneyo yiyo yonke into oyifunayo; sebenzisa loo mntwana onobubele obomvu njengodonga oluxhomekeke okanye ulususe ngaphaya kwesihlalo sokugungqa ngoku. Nangona ithoyiji ekhuni ingayifakela ngokungahambi ubuso bomntwana kwaye yenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Ukugcina umntwana wakho efudumele kwaye epholile, ugqoke kwisitya esisodwa.

Ukuhlola umntwana kakuhle

Kulo tyelelo, ugqirha wengane yakho iya kulinganisa ubude bakhe, ubunzima, kunye nekhanda lekhanda kwaye umhlolisise ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyakhula kwaye ukhula njengoko kulindeleke. Umntwana wakho uya kuqalisa ukufumana izigodlo eziqhelekileyo , kuquka iDTaP, IPV, HepB (ezi zintathu zinokudibaniswa kwelinye shot), Hib, Prevnar, kunye neRotaTeq.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Ukuba umntwana wakho unamafutha , iimpawu zakhe kufuneka ziveze ngeeveki ezingama-6 kwaye zihambe kakuhle ngelixesha eli-3 okanye eli-4 ubudala.
• Umntwana wakho usemdala ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba inambuzane ibuyele i-DEET. Udokotela wakho wezilwanyana unokuncoma omnye ukuba ngaba lixesha lonyaka xa umiyane belixesha kwaye uya kuba ngaphandle kweqela.
• Yilungele ukuhlaselwa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezalandelayo, lindele ukuba umntwana wakho amomotheka, ahlekise, aze enze imisindo, aze aphakamise intloko kunye nesifuba sakhe xa elele esiswini sakhe. Uya kuba naye endleleni yokuqhubela phambili , ephethe ubunzima emilenzeni yakhe, ehleli kunye nenkxaso, kunye nokubamba kwi-rattle.
• Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule xa ifika kwizinto eziphambili: Iintsana zikhula ngokweenqanaba lazo kwaye kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto eziqhelekileyo xa kuziwa xa zifikelela nganye. Zama kanzima ukuthelekisa inkqubela yakho encinane kunye nomzala wakhe okanye umntwana wakho omhle. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba umntwana wakho uhlehla ngasemva ngenye indlela, jonga oogqirha bakho.
• Eminye imiba yempilo onokuyilwa nxamnye kweli nqanaba ibandakanya i-thrush, i-diaper rash, i-reflux yabantwana, ukugqithisa ukushisa, kunye ne-eczema.

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Umntwana wakho oneminyaka eli-4 ukuya kwe-5 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Kwiinyanga ezi-4, ubisi lwebele okanye i-formula ekhutshwe nge-iron echanekileyo yinkwenkwe kuphela yondlo lwakho umntwana olufuna ngokwenene. Ukuba uyamnceda, unokuqhubeka nokumondla ngokufunayo. Iintsana eziphephe iibhola kufuneka zifumane ama-ounces ama-5 ukuya kuma-6 weesomfom ezine ukuya kwezihlandlo ezithandathu ngosuku-i-ounces ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-32. Ngenyanga ezayo okanye ezimbini, unokuqala ukuqalisa umntwana wakho ngokuziva ngesitya sokutya nesigxina emlonyeni wakhe. Emva kokufumana ukukhanya okuluhlaza kumgqirha wengane yakho, xuba isisana somntwana kunye nobisi lwebele, ifomula, okanye amanzi uze uyondle umntwana wakho ngesipuni (kungekhona kwibhotile). Abazali bavame ukuqala ngedayisi yerayisi kodwa ngezinye izihlandlo kubangele ukumbumba. Zama i-oatmeal okanye enye i-cereal ngefiber xa i-rice cereal ingxaki.

Ukulala

Ingane yakho iyakucoca iindidi ezimbalwa ngexesha lokulala ixesha elipheleleyo: I-NSF isincoma iintsana ezineminyaka engama-4 ukuya kwe-11 zilala iiyure ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-15 ngalunye suku, kuquka ne-naps.

Ukuhlola umntwana kakuhle

Kwiinyanga ezi-4 zokuhlola, udokotela wezilwanyana uza kulubala umntwana wakho kwaye alinganise ubude bakhe kunye nentloko. Uya kumnika ngokugqibeleleyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uya kukhula kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo kwaye uya kukubuza imibuzo malunga nokutya kwakhe nokulala. Kuza kubakho izibhengezo ezingaphezulu: Ukugonywa kwale minyaka kubandakanya iDTaP, IPV, HepB (ezi zintathu zinokudibaniswa kwi-combo vaccine Pediarix), Hib, Prevnar, RotaTeq.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Ezinye izinto ezimnandi zokubheka phambili ngelo xesha: Ingane yakho ingakwazi ukuguqa phambili ukusuka phambili ukuya ngasemva, ithwele ubunzima emilenzeni, ihleli kunye nenkxaso, idonsa kwisihlalo sokuhlala kunye nokuhlala kunye nenkxaso, kwaye ibambelele kwi-toy.
• Ekubeni mhlawumbi uya kuthweswa iziqu kwi-tub yabantwana ukuya rhoqo, usethe ukushisa kwamanzi akho ashushu afike ku-120 F ukukhusela ngokukhawuleza ukutshisa.
• Ewe, akukhuselekile ukushiya umntwana wedwa embhedeni okanye kutshintsha itafile.

Iingxaki zeNtlungu eziqhelekileyo

Qhubeka ukhangele imimiselo yemiba eqhelekileyo ebhekiswe kwiinyanga ezi-2. Ukongezelela, qaphela ukukhwabanisa kwesikhumba eyaziwayo njengekhanda lokuzalwa.

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Umntwana wakho oneminyaka engu-6 ukuya kwe-7 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Qhubeka unikela ukutya oku-4 ukuya kwe-5 kwilisi yobisi okanye ifomula ye-infant-echanekileyo yensimbi (i-24 ukuya kuma-32 i-ounces) kunye ne-4 okanye ngaphezulu kweepunile ze-cereal yosuku olusisiseko. Unokuqala ukunyusa ukutya kwakhe okuphekiweyo, okuxutywe, okanye okugcobileyo okanye iziqhamo okanye ukutya okusemntwaneni okulungiselelwe ukuthengisa.

I-AAP icebisa ukuba "ukuncelisa kufuneka kuqhutywe ubuncinane kunyaka wokuqala wobomi kunye nangaphezulu kwexesha elide elifunwa ngumama nomntwana."

Ingane yakho iya kuba yanikezela ukutya okuphakathi phakathi kobusuku ngeli xesha (nangona ezinye iintsana ezibelethweyo ziya kuqhubeka). Ukuba akunjalo, kwaye umntwana wakho uzuza isisindo kakuhle, unciphise ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubeka ngaphi ibhotile ubusuku bonke. Kancinci ukuyeka oku kutya kunye ndawonye.

Ukulala

Iipatheni zobuthongo bakho zingenakuguquka kakhulu kweli nqanaba:

Uhlolo lweNtwana

Lindela uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba, ukuhlaziywa kweeshedyuli zokutya kunye nokulala, kunye nokulinganisa okuqhelekileyo. Kwakhona, ukugonywa kubandakanya i-DTaP, i-IPV, i-HepB (ezi zintathu zinokudibaniswa kwi-combo vaccine Pediarix), Hib, Prevnar, okanye iRotaTeq.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Usana lwakho mhlawumbi luphindwe kabini ubukhulu bokuzalwa kwakhe ngoku.
• I-American Academy ye-Dediatric Dentists ithi kulungele umntwana ukuba asebenzise i-pacifier ukuya kwi-3 ubudala, kodwa ngoku ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuqala ukulukhawulela kwi-naps kunye nexesha lokulala.
• Qalisa ukukhusela umntwana ekhaya, ngaphambi kokuba umntwana abe ngumakhalekhukhwini.
• Iimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibalulekileyo ezinyanganeni ezineminyaka engama-6 kuya kwe-7 zihleli kwaye zijikeleza.
• Ulusu lolutsha lwakho lungakwazi ukusingatha isikrini esilulayo ngoku, kodwa kusabalulekile ukumlondoloza ilanga kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Xa ungaphandle, kwaneentsuku ezishisayo ugqoke kwiingubo ezingapheliyo ezigubungayo iingalo nemilenze, i-sunbonnet okanye isitya esinomphetho kuyo yonke indlela ukukhusela ubuso bakhe nentamo yentamo yakhe, kunye nezikhanyiso zelanga (ukuba Ndiza kuzigcina). Nangona ungasisebenzisa ngokusemntwaneni wakho, thintela kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga.
• Ixesha lokufika kwezinyo zokuqala zentsana liyakwazi ukuhluka ngokukodwa, kodwa lungele ukulungiselela loo mapareleya okuqala ukuba aqale ukuhamba-kwaye ukungahambi kakubi kunokukuzisa. Ezinye iintsana zibonakala zingaboni kakuhle, kodwa ezinye azixhalabisi. Ukutsalwa kwento kwaye kwaye, ngokuvuma kwakho ugqirha, i-dose efanelekileyo ye-acetaminophen inganceda.

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Umntwana wakho oneminyaka eyi-8 ukuya kwe-11 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Qhubeka unikela umntwana wakho kathathu ukuya kwintlanu yokunyusa ubisi okanye i-ounces ezingama-24 ukuya kwi-32 yefomesana encinci yeesityambo ngosuku. Yongeza kwii-4 okanye ngaphezulu kweepunile ze-cereal, imifuno, kunye neziqhamo kanye okanye kabini ngosuku. Kananjalo ungaqala ukongeza ukutya okuqulethe iiprotheni kunye nokutya kwamunwe.

Ukulala

Iintsana esi sikolo zilala zizonke ezili-12 ukuya kwi-15 iiyure, kubandakanywa njengabantu abambalwa kunye kunye neyure enye yeeyure ukuya kweeyure elide ngelixa, ngokutsho kweSizwe soLwandle lokuLala.

Ukuhlola umntwana kakuhle

Ekutyelelekeni komntwana wakho umntwana, umntwana uya kumnika ukuhlolwa okusemzimbeni, uphelele ukutya kunye neendlela zokulala kunye nawe, ulinganise kwaye umlinganise, kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uhamba kunye neentuthuko zakhe. Uya kufumana isantya sakhe sesithathu sokugonya kwe-HepB ukuba engazange athile kwaye umongikazi angathatha igazi ukumkhusela i-anemia kwaye iholele ubuthi.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Umntwana wakho uya kuthandana imidlalo ephindaphindiweyo njenge-poek-a-boo kunye ne-pat-a-cake. Uya kunandipha ukufundelwa. Akukafaneli kusasa kakhulu ukukhahlela incwadi. Uya kuba ngumsebenzi wokufumanisa ihlabathi lakhe, ngoko mnike amaninzi amathuba okuhlola. Ngokugqithisileyo, njengoko ekhula ngokuzimeleyo angase aqale ukubonisa iimpawu zokuxhalabisa kunye nokukhathazeka kwamanye amazwe. Mkhuthaze ukuba ahlolisise, kodwa angamvumeli ukuba alahleke. Kufuneka ugcine iliso ukhuseleko lwakhe kwaye uya kufuneka azi ukuba ufuphi.
• Umcebisi wakho omncinci uya kukhangela yonke into angayifumana ngayo ama-mitts akhe amancinci ukwenzela ukuba uqaphele ngakumbi ngeengozi zokuphepha. Gcina umgangatho kunye nayiphi na indawo engakwazi ukuyifumana ekhululekile yeengxowa zeplastiki okanye izinto ezincinci ukuze anqamle. Indlela efanelekileyo yokulinganisa oku: Nantoni na engakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwiphepha langasese okanye iphepha lokubhebha kwiphilisi yingozi yokukhahlela. Ukutshatyalaliswa kweetoni kunye nefenitshala engaqinisekanga kwakhona kuyingozi kubantwana abakwazi ukukhupha kwizinto. IiTV ezikhuselekileyo, iithalafu, kunye nantoni na enye inokuthi ikhuphe kalula kwiindonga.
• Musa ukulingwa ukuguqula isithuthi semntana wakho ngeenxa zonke: Ufanele aqhubeke egibela ebhekene nelokubuyela emuva ade abe ngowesi-2 okanye ufikelele kwisisindo kunye nokuphakama kwemida yesitulo sakhe semoto. Nangona oku kuthetha ukuba ezinye iintsana ezininzi zikulungele ukugqiba kwisitulo sevili esibhekene ne-back-convertible esele sibheke emva, kukho iindidi ezininzi zeendawo ezisezincinaneni ezineemilinganiselo ezingama-30 ukuya kwe-35-imilinganiselo yokulinganisela okufuneka ikufikelele kwisiza esiphezulu sephepha lokuphepha.

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Umntwana wakho oneminyaka eyi-12 ukuya kwe-14 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Ukuba uthe wayelisela i-formula, umntwana wakho angatshintshe ubisi lweenkomo. Mnike ubisi obupheleleyo, kungekhona ukuhlamba okanye ukuthotywa kwamafutha. Iingcali ezininzi ngoku zikholelwa ukuba ubisi oluvela kwiinkomo ezisondeza ngotshani luphilile ngakumbi kunobisi be-hormone-and-antibiotic-laden ezivela kwiinkomo ezidla ukutya, ikakhulukazi kubantwana. Kuthatha imali encinci, kodwa kwixesha elide linokubaluleka. Khangela oko ugqirha wezingane zakho ucinga.

Ukuba uqhubeka uncelise ubuncinane ii-2 okanye amaxesha amathathu ngosuku, akukho sizathu sokuzisa ubisi lweenkomo (ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wengane yakho ikucebisa ukuba). Yaye ungaba neentloni ngokuqhubeka nokunyanga ukuba wena nomntwana wakho nandipha ubomi obusondeleyo. Ngokutsho kwe-AAP, "akukho mkhawulo ongaphezulu kwithuba lokuncelisa kwaye akukho ubungqina beengqondo okanye intlungu yokuphuza kunyaka wesithathu wobomi okanye ixesha elide."

Ngaphandle koko, umntwana wakho uya kuba kwishedyuli yokutya ehambelana nentsapho yonke: ukutya ezintathu kunye neentsuku zokutyhulwa iintsuku ngalunye. Nangona ezinye iinyanga kwiinyanga ezili-12 zidla ukutya kwetafile kuphela, ezinye zihlala zidla ukutya kwabantwana zodwa, kwaye ezinye zizonwabela encinci nganye. Ukuba ufuna ukunikela isantya sakho somntwana ngeli nqanaba, qiniseka ukuba i-juice ye-juice yesithelo engenaso ishukela okanye isiphunga esithandayo. I-AAP ithi ii-ounces ezi-4 zeerusi ngosuku zininzi kubantwana abaneminyaka eli-1 ukuya kwe-3.

Ukulala

Umntwana wakho kufuneka akwazi ukulala ubuncinane ubuncinane iiyure ezili-11 nganye ebusuku. Usenokuthatha ezimbini iintsuku ngosuku, nangona ezinye iintsana ziyeka ukunqabana kwantambama ngexesha eliphakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 neye-18.

Ukuhlola umntwana kakuhle

Kulo tyelelo lugqirha, lindela ukuhlolwa okusemgangathweni, ukuhlaziywa kwenkqubo yokutya komntwana kunye neeshedyuli zokulala, kunye nokulinganisa okuqhelekileyo. Ukugonywa kungabandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kweMMR, Varivax, Hib, Prevnar, kunye ne-hepatitis A. Njengoko ubudala beenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-15 ngenxa yezi zihlwele, umntwana wakho uya kufumana ngoku kunye nakwezinye iinyanga ezili-15 zokuhlolwa. I-IPV yesithathu ne-HepB shots zidla ngamanye amaxesha kwiinyanga ezili-12.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Ukuba umntwana wakho akamthathi amanyathelo okokuqala, mhlawumbi uya kwenza oko kungekudala. Myeke ahambe ngeengubo ezingenasiphatho esininzi (kungekho ngaphandle apho anganyathela khona into ebukhali okanye ayitshise iinyawo zeenyawo zakhe kwisantya eshushu, ngokuqinisekileyo), ukuba amvumele ukuba akhe izidumbu ezinjalo ezinyaweni nasezinzwaneni ezincinci.
• Kwixesha lokutya kunye nexesha lokudla umntwana wakho kufuneka afunde ngokuzondla. Mkhuthaze ukuba adle ngeminwe yakhe, zama ukudibanisa ukutya okunothileyo kunye nesipuni sakhe, uphuze kwindebe. Makhe afuneke ahlaziyeke njengokuba kuyimfuneko: Yiyo leyo ibh (kunye nezilwanyana ezifuywayo).
• Fumana ukuba kukho i-fluoride emanzini okupompoza. Ukuba akukho nto okanye ukhetha ukusebenzisa amanzi okanye i-bottled okanye ucocekileyo, udokotela wakho wezilwanyana unokufuna ukumisela i-supplementary fluoride ukuze uncede abantwana bamhlophe babe namandla kwaye banempilo njengoko beqhubeka ukungena.

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Umntwana wakho oneminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwe-17 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Ngeenyanga ezili-15, mhlawumbi umntwana wakho uthe uhambe ngokutya umntwana kwaye udla ukutya okutyunyiwe okanye ukuguqulwa kwezinto wena kunye nabo bonke osapho odlayo. Qaphela ukuba ungakhonzi ukutya anokunyamezela, njengezidiliya ezipheleleyo; imifuno eluhlaza; Amaqhashu ; izinja ezishushu; iinantambo kunye nembewu; iziqu zenyama, ushizi, okanye ibhotela ibhokhwe; kunye ne-candy ekhuni okanye enamathele. Ukuba usaluncelisayo, yigcine ixesha elide njengoko wena nomntwana wakho nithanda; akayi kuyidinga ubisi lweenkomo, nje kuphela xa engabongi ubuncinane amabini okanye kathathu ngosuku.

Ubisi lobisi lweenkomo kunye nemveliso yobisi ukuya kuma-ounces ama-16 ukuya kuma-24 imihla ngemihla kunye nejusi kuma-ounces ama-4. Eli lixesha elihle lokuyeka ukunika umntwana wakho ibhotile ukuba awukho.

Ukulala

Ngokufanelekileyo, ngokwe-NSF, umntwana wakho uya kulala iiyure ezili-11 ukuya kwezi-14 ngalunye suku, kubandakanya enye okanye ezimbini.

Ukuhlola umntwana kakuhle

Kuhloliswe kweenyanga ezili-15, ugqirha lomntwana wakho uya kumhlola ukuba ahambe ngaphezu kokutya kwakhe nokulala, amlinganise kwaye alinganise ukuphakama kwakhe kwaye aqhubeke neshedyuli yokugonywa. Amaqhosha awafumanayo kulo tyelelo kuya kuxhomekeka kwiiyiphi azifunayo kwiinyanga ezili-12 kwaye angabandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kwe-MMR, Varivax, Hib, Prevnar, ne-Hepatitis A. I-DTaP yesine kunye ne-IPV yesithathu kunye ne-HepB shots nazo ngamanye amaxesha kunikwa iinyanga ezili-15.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Lindela umntwana wakho ukuba adibanise iibllabha; uthi mama / dada kunye namanye amagama; ukuqonda imiyalelo elula; ahambe kakuhle-mhlawumbi aze asebenze okanye ahambe amanyathelo ambalwa; benga izinto ndawonye (mnike ukufikelela kwiipot, ipane, kunye neepuni zokhuni ekhitshini kwaye uya kuvuyiswa njenge-lark); nwabela ukufunda kunye nokukhomba imifanekiso yezinto eziqhelekileyo.
• Iintsantrum aziqhelekanga kule minyaka; okanye ukutya okukhethiweyo. Bobabini iziphathamandla eziqhelekileyo zibangelwa ukuzimela komntwana, into enhle, ngoko kuzama ukusebenzisa ubuchule obunomnene, obunothando, njengokuphazamiseka, xa kunokwenzeka. Futhi mdumise wakho omncinci ngokuziphatha okuhle. Kunokwenzeka ukuba aqhubeke ekwenza into akhuthazayo kunokuba ayeke ukwenza into ajeziswa ngayo.

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Umntwana wakho oneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kwe-23 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Zama ukungavumeli umntwana wakho azalise ubisi okanye ijusi; ngenye indlela, akanakho ukufumana indawo yokutya okuqinileyo . Musa ukumtyhola ukuba adle ukuba akalambile okanye ahlambulule isitya sakhe xa ezele phambi kokuba engenanto. Oku kungaba iresiphi yokutya iingxaki phantsi kwendlela. Akuqhelekanga ukuba abantwana beli lizwe badle kuphela ukutya okugqibeleleyo kabini imihla ngemihla, ngoko ukuba i-tot yakho inesidlo sasekuseni nesidlo sasemini, mhlawumbi mhlawumbi ifanelekile ukuba ikhetha nje ukutya kwayo. Umntwana wakho unokuqala ukungafuni ukutya ukutya okunye, nokuba ngumntu othakazelisayo, okanye uhambe ngeebinge apho uya kufuna kuphela ukutya okuthile. Indlela ebalulekileyo abantwana abafunda ngayo ukuzimela ngokuzibeka ngokuzimela malunga nokutya, ngokokuba umntwana wakho ekhula ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye unamandla amaninzi okufikelela kumhla wokudlala mhlawumbi akukho sizathu sokuba akhathazeke malunga noko adlayo okanye ubuninzi.

Ukulala

Akufanele kubekho iinguqu ezinkulu kwixesha lokulala lokulala komntwana kweli nqanaba: Kumele angene phakathi kweeyure ezili-11 ukuya kwe-14 zokuvalwa kweso ngosuku, kubandakanywa ne-nap.

Ukuhlola umntwana kakuhle

Yintoni enokuyilindela: ukuhlolwa okusemzimbeni, ukulinganisa, kunye nokugonya. Umntanakho mhlawumbi uya kufumana ukugonya kwe-DTaP kulo tyelelo kwaye, ukuba akayikho, iHepB yakhe yesithathu, i-IPV yesithathu, i-Varivax, kunye / okanye i-hepatitis A idutshulwa.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Abantwana kule minyaka banomdla kakhulu kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo abakulungele ukuphuculwa ukuqonda indlela yokwabelana ngayo. Kulungile. Umntwana wakho angeke adlale nomnye umntwana, kodwa uya kudlala kunye nabanye abantwana.
• Kwiinyanga ezili-18, uninzi lwabantwana banakho ukubamba i-pee kunye neentshukumo zokuhamba, ngokwe-AAP. Kodwa abantwana abasebudala abanqabile ukuba bahlale bekulungele-ngamanye amagama, banako ukuqonda ukuba isifiso sokuzikhulula sithetha ukuba kufuneka bahlale kwindlu yangasese bayenze. Nangona unokuba ukhangele phambili ukuxhamla i-diapers, zama ukunyamezela. Ukuba uphakamisa ukuqeqeshwa kwamanzi ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho ulungele, kuya kuba yinto eninzi imfazwe kunokuba ungalinda ezinye iinyanga ezintandathu okanye njalo. Ngelo xesha "uya kufumana" ngokulula, uya kuba nekhono lokuphatha iimpahla (ukunqanda ibhulukhwe, ukudonsa ngaphantsi kweengubo kunye nokunye okunjalo), kwaye mhlawumbi uya kuba nokufuna ukusebenzisa indlu yokuhlambela nxalenye yentsapho.

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Umntwana oneminyaka emi-2 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Iintsana ezineminyaka emibini ubudala ziyakwazi ukuba zizidlo, kwaye ezininzi azikwazi ukutya ukutya okunokulinganisela rhoqo ngosuku. (I-macaroni e-Plain kunye ne-appleauce yokutya kwasekuseni, isidlo sasemini, kunye nesidlo, nabani na?) Nangona kunjalo, ngaphaya kwekota, abancinci abaninzi baya kulawula ukufumana iindidi ezaneleyo kwizidlo zabo ukuze bahlanganise iziseko zondlo. Ukuba ukhathazekile ngumntwana wakho, khuluma nodokotela wezingane.

Unokuphinda ucubungele uhlobo lobisi obunika umntwana wakho. Unokuqala ukunikezela ngepesenti ezi-2, i-fat fat, okanye i-milk yolwandle ngoku, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iingcali zondlo ziza ngokuya kucebisa wonke umntu osela ubisi lweenkomo ukuba anamathele ngokupheleleyo. Kukho ubungqina bokuthi ubisi obushushu buyakwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana ubunzima kunye ne-type 2 yeswekile. Naluphi na uhlobo lobisi osebenzela umntwana wakho, cinga ukuchitha iincenti ezimbalwa kwiibisi ezivela kwiinkomo ezixutywe ngotshani ezingazange zinike ama-hormone okanye i-antibiotics. Buza udokotela wengane yakho ukuba anike iingcebiso. Ukuba wena kunye nefuthe lakho ufuna ukuqhubeka nokuncelisa, kulungile. Ngokutsho kwe-AAP, "akukho mkhawulo ongaphezulu kwithuba lokuncelisa kwaye akukho ubungqina beengqondo okanye intlungu yokuphuza kunyaka wesithathu wobomi okanye ixesha elide."

Ukulala

Umntwana wakho kufuneka alele i-11 ukuya kwi-14 iiyure, kuquka ne-nap napasemini, imihla ngemihla.

Ukuhlola umntwana kakuhle

Kulo tyelelo lugqirha, unokulindela ukuhlolwa okusemgangathweni kwakho ugqirha wakho wenza njalo. Ukugonywa kuya kufaka phakathi kwesibini isibetho se-Hepatitis A kwaye umongikazi angathatha igazi ukuze aphinde asebenzise isikrini sobutyhefu kunye ne-anemia.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Lona lixesha apho kudla ukuba kunengqiqo ukuhambisa umntwana kwisibhedlele ukuya kumbhede omncinci , ingakumbi ukuba uqala ukukhuphuka kwisibhedlele okanye ufikelele kwi-3 feet ubude. Yenza kumnandi ngaye: Makhethi akhethe iibhedi zakhe (nangona ungeke ukwazi ukuma ngcamango ye-pink pink dinosaurs) kwaye wenze umkhosi omncinci ngaphandle kwenguqu. Oku kuya kunceda ukwenza utshintsho lokumshiya isikhalazo esiqhekezayo esilungeleyo sokuhlelwa kwamalungiselelo amasha okulala.
• Ku-2, umntwana wakho unokuqala ukuthetha nawe, ukudala izivakalisi ezimfutshane kwisigama samazwi angama-50, kuquka izibhengezo (mna, mna, mna). Uyazi kwakhona amagama omzimba womzimba aze akwazi ukulandela imiyalelo emibini, njengokuthi, "Yenza isitya sakho kwikhemitha uze uyifake."
• Kule minyaka, unokulindela ukuba umntwana wakho aqale ukugqoka, ukuxubha amazinyo ngoncedo lwakho, ukugqoka iimpahla, kunye nokubethelela iibhloko ezine. Kumele akwazi ukuhamba ngamanyathelo, ukukhaba ibhola uze uphonye omnye, uphinde ukhuphe phezulu.
• Umntwana wakho unokulungele ukuqala ukuqeqeshwa kwamanzi ngokunyanisekileyo. Ngokutsho kweZero kwiThathu, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ezinikezelwe kubazali abaxhasayo kwizigaba ezicebileyo zokuphuhlisa, ukulungela ukuqeqeshwa kwangasese kubandakanya ukuhlala omile iiyure ezimbini ngokulandelelana okanye ukuvusa omile kwi-naps; ekuqapheliseni ukuba uyaphonononga okanye ukhonkxa njengoko kwenzeka (angase angene kwelinye igumbi xa ehamba ngokunyakaza, umzekelo); Unako ukwenza izinto ezifana nokuhamba ukuya kubumbi kwaye uhlale kuyo (ngoncedo, ukuba uyayifuna); unokukrazula ibhulukwe kuye phezulu; unokulandela imiyalelo elula; kwaye ebaluleke kakhulu, ucela ukugqoka iingubo ezincinci ezingaphantsi okanye ukusebenzisa i-potty njengomama okanye ubaba okanye umntakwabo omdala.

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Umntwana wakho oneminyaka engama-3 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Umntwana oneminyaka engama-3 uya kufuna ukuqhubeka nokuthetha okuninzi kwizinto azifaka emlonyeni wakhe ngokusemandleni. Umsebenzi wakho ke ngoko kukunika amaninzi okutya, kodwa qi ni sekise ukuba baphilile. Ukuba unako ukukhetha phakathi kweetapati zezitshalo kunye neerberberries, unokuhamba ukuya kwii-chips. Kodwa ukuba unikwe i-strawberries okanye i-blueberries, i-corn-grain cereal okanye i-oatmeal, i-yogurt okanye i-hummus, yonke into ayisebenzayo iya kuba yinto enhle kuye.

Ukulala

Njengoko engena kwiminyaka yakhe yokufundela, umntwana uya kufuneka afune ukulala kancane. I-NSF icebisa abantwana abaneminyaka engama-3 no-5 balala phakathi kweeyure ezili-10 ukuya kwe-13. Abanye abantwana beli lizwe banokufikelela kwiiyure ezili-8 okanye banokufuna ezininzi ezili-14 iiyure zokulala. Yaye nangona umntwana wakho enokumelana nayo, kufuneka aqhubeke nokuthatha intambama emini.

Ukuhlola umntwana kakuhle

Kulo tyelelo lomntwana, umntwana wezilwanyana uza kwenza uvavanyo olusisigxina, uthathe ukulinganisa (ubunzima kunye nokuphakama), khangela ukuba isikolo sakho sokufunda esikolweni sijoliswe kwiinjongo zokuphuhlisa, kwaye mhlawumbi wenze ukuhlolwa kombono . Ukuba umntwana wakho engazange amthole i-HepA shot, unokufumana ngoku ngoku.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Kwimoto, bhinqa umntwana wakho kwisihlalo somoto esibheke phambili esineentambo zokukhwela aze aphume esihlalweni. Unokubhikisha, kodwa le nto ayithethi.
• Kule minyaka, umntwana wakho uya kuba omeleyo. Unokulindela ukuba agqoke kwaye abuye asebenze amaqhosha, atyelele ezininzi njengeebhloko ezili-9 okanye ezili-10, udwebe izibonda kunye nezikwere, kwaye usebenzise izikrini ezingenangqiqo. Naye uya kukwazi ukuqala ukuxubha amazinyo akhe, kodwa jonga ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana yonke indawo yonke into emhlophe emhlophe. Lo ngumnyaka kufuneka abe nokutyelela kwakhe kokuqala kwidokotela wamazinyo.
• Abantwana abaneminyaka emithathu banokukwazi ukulawula imizimba yabo kwaye baqina ngakumbi ngomzuzu. Inkwenkwe yakho iya kukwenzela zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana zomzimba: ukuhamba ngamanyathelo ngokutshintsha iinyawo zakhe, ukuxhuma phantsi ukusuka kwisiteji esiphantsi sezitepsi, i-hoppin, ukuhamba ezinzwaneni zakhe, ukuhamba ngeetricycle. Isigama sakhe siya kwanda kakhulu kwaye uya kuba nokubeka amagama amathathu okanye amane kwizivakalisi. Oku kungakuqhubela udidekile ngenxa yokuba mhlawumbi uya kuqala ukubuza imibuzo eninzi "kutheni" imibuzo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uya kuvuya ukufumanisa ukuba unokukhumbula izandi zokunyumba kunye kwaye unokufumana iingxoxo ezintle kunye nezihlobo ezicingayo.
• Ekubeni mhlawumbi uya kuba sezikolweni zee-nursery, ootitshala bakhe banokukhangela iimpawu zeengxaki zokufunda ezinokuthi zenze ingqalelo ingxaki yokungaxhamli (ADHD). Oku kulungile, kuba kungekudala umcimbi onjalo ufumaniswe, kulula ukuba kusebenze.

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Umntwana wakho oneminyaka engama-4 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Njengoko kunjalo, oko umntwana wakho adlayo kubalulekile kwimpilo yakhe yonke. Ukutya ayifake emzimbeni wakhe kunokuba nomthelela omkhulu kumngcipheko wokuba ungaphezu komzimba, ukuhlakulela isifo sikashukela, okanye ukugula kwamathambo. Qhubekani ukumnika ukhetho oluphilileyo kwizidlo kunye nokutya okutyiwayo. Gcina ukhetho oluphantsi kwishukela elongezelelweyo kunye namafutha angenampilo kwaye umncede ahlakulele intle yesithelo kunye nemifuno, inyama ephilileyo kunye nemveliso yobisi engaxilwanga. Iindlela zakho zokutya ziza kubumba, ngoko akunakulimaza ukwenza isondlo esichengileyo sokutya kwintsapho.

Ukulala

Ukuze uthuthukise umzimba wakhe nangokwengqondo, uneminyaka engama-4 ubudala kufuneka aqhubeke nokulala phakathi kweeyure ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-13 ngosuku, kuquka ne-nap, emva kwe-NSF. Ukuba umntwana wakho unqanda ukulala, uyibize ixesha lokuphumla kwaye umbeke embhedeni wakhe ngencwadi yokujonga. Mhlawumbi uya kulala (kwaye ukuba akayena, uya kuba nobuncinci ukunikezela ngokuphumula).

Ukuhlola umntwana kakuhle

Ukongeza kwimeko yokuhlola rhoqo, uneminyaka engama-4 ubudala uya kufumana ukutyhulwa kwezibhengezo kulo tyelelo logqirha, kubandakanywa neDTaP, MMR, IPV, kunye ne-booster ye-Varivax (ukuba akazange abe nenkukhu). Ugqirha (okanye umongikazi wezakhono) naye unokumchukumisa umboniso kunye neengxaki zokuva.

Unokuqala ukutyelela kudokotela wamazinyo njalo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwishedyuli yengonyango yengonyango yengane yakho. Phakathi kwale minyaka emibini yokuqeshwa, qhubeka ubeka iliso ukuxubusha kwakhe ukuqinisekisa ukuba wenza umsebenzi ogqithisiweyo ubuncinane kabini ngosuku. Ukuba unamazinyo asondelene kunye, udokotela wamazinyo angasikisela ukuba uqale ukudibana phakathi kwabo. Oku kunokuba ngumngeni kumntwana omncinci, kodwa kukho ezininzi ezilula zokulawula i-flossers eyenziwe iminwe emincinci. Cela umntanakho wakho wamazinyo oko akucebisayo.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

Gcina umntwana wakho ukhuselekile emotweni ngokuqhubeka nokumbamba kwisitulo esibheke phambili seemoto kunye namahashe. Ukuphakama nokulinganisela, kungekhona ubudala, kufuneka kube yintoni eqikelela xa umntwana ehamba ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo lokukhusela imoto.

Qala ukuthetha nomntwana wakho malunga nolwazi lwasemzini. Ngokucacileyo akayi kuhamba naphi na ngaphandle kokuba akhulile naliphi na ixesha kungekudala, kodwa kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo ukuba azi kakuhle.

Kule minyaka, ungalindela ukuba umntwana wakho agqoke ngokupheleleyo (kodwa akakwazi ukubopha izicathulo zakhe okwamanje), ukudlala imidlalo yebhodi elula kunye nemidlalo yamakhadi (ngoko zilungiselele ukujikeleza okungapheliyo kweNtlanzi yeNtlanzi), kwaye ufunde kwaye ulandele imithetho, njengokuthi "Hlalani nihlamba izandla zenu ngaphambi kokutya" okanye "Akukho zicathulo kwi-sofa." Kufuneka akwazi ukupheka, ahambe emanzini angaphantsi kweenyawo, aqoke kunye nezi-4- ezi-5 izivakalisi zegama, igama ezine okanye ngaphezulu kwemibala, kwaye ubale ubuncinane ubuncinane. Kwakhona unokuthanda ukucula kwaye uya kuzinikela ngokuzithandela ukukuxelela izinto ngaphandle kokubuza.

Ukuba uqeqeshwe ngamatye ngokupheleleyo, kwanobusuku, usenokumisa umbhede ngamanye amaxesha. Ukuba oku kwenzeka kakhulu, khuluma nomntwana wakho. Kananjalo unokubonisa iimpawu zokukhula kabuhlungu .

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Umfundi wakho oneminyaka emi-5 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Kalokunokuba uhamba e-kindergarten kwaye unokuchitha isikhathi esivela ekhaya ngaphandle kwakho, ngexesha lokudlala kunye nabahlobo, umzekelo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba (ngokuyininzi) uyadla impilo enempilo: Ngale ndlela xa enikwa unyango , tshilo, umcimbi wokuzalwa okanye xa uxhoma kunye nogogo nomkhulu, uyazi ukuba uya kulungelelaniswa nento adla ngayo ekhaya. Oko kungatsho ukuba akufanele ujonge ii-cookie okanye i-ice cream naye ngamanye amawe ngokwakho. Emva koko, yintoni ebuntwaneni ngaphandle kweshukela elincinci?

Ukulala

Ngexesha elithile phakathi ko-5 no-6 iimfuno zokulala komntwana wakho kunye neepatheni ziya kutshintsha ngokuqhelekileyo. I-NSF ithi ininzi abantwana bayaphula umva emva kweminyaka emva kweminyaka emi-5, nangona kukho abantwana abaya kuqhubeka befuna (okanye ubuncinane badinga) ukunyundela okanye ukuphumla iyure emva kokuba bebuya ekhaya besuka kwixesha elixakekileyo esikolweni.

Ukuhlola umntwana kakuhle

Akufanele kubekho into emangalisa kulo mvavanyo: Ootitshala bezingane baya kuqhubeka nokulinganisela nokulinganisa umntwana wakho, ukujonga ukukhula kwakhe ngokomzimba nophuhliso, isikrini sombono kunye neengxaki zokuphulaphula, kwaye anike naluphi na amahlumela afanelekileyo. Izigulane eziqhelekileyo ekutyelele abantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 zibandakanya i-DTaP, i-MMR, i-IPV, ne-boovax booster (kubantwana abangenayo inkukhu).

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Ngenxa yokuzimela kwakhe kakhudlwana engqondweni, qhubeka uqinisa ulwazi lokhuseleko malunga nomngcipheko ongaphandle, indlela yokuwela esitalato, njalonjalo. Eli lixesha elihle lokufundisa umntwana ukuba adibanise 911 kwimeko engxamisekileyo. Unokufunda idilesi yakhe kunye nenombolo yakho yefowuni.
• Ukuba kusekelwe kwingcaciso efike kwisihlalo somoto sakho somntwana uyele ubude kwaye uyalinganisa ngokwaneleyo ukuba uyifake, ungamhambisa kwisihlalo esixhasayo esiya kumphakamisa ngokwaneleyo ukuba angakwazi ukukhunjulwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwimoto kunye ne- i-belt belt. Ingcambu iya kulungelelanisa ngaphaya kweentonga zayo kunye neqabunga lehlombe kufuneka liwele esihlubeni ngaphandle kokumba entanyeni yakhe.
• Xa uneminyaka engama-5, umntwana unokuqala ukuthatha imisebenzi ethile elula kwaye abaninzi abantwana abakwiminyaka banqwenela ukwenza njalo. Zama ukungaphuthelwa ngeli thuba ukuze ufumane umncedi omncinci ekwenzeni izinto ezifana nokubeka iimpahla zakhe ezingcolileyo ekuphazamiseni, ukucoca izitya zakhe etafileni, nokunika ikati okanye inja entsha okanye i-dog.
• Umntwana wakho unokuqala ukufunda ngemali ngoku. Cinga ukumnika isibonelelo esincinci kwaye ucacise ukuba yintoni imali: ukugcina i-toy ekhethekileyo, mhlawumbi okanye ukuchitha imali ngexesha lokuphumula. Umgaqo omhle wesithupha ubala inani lemali yesibonelelo seveki esekelwe kwixesha lakhe: i-50 cents okanye idola ngonyaka, umzekelo.

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Uneminyaka engama-6 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Ukunyaniseka kwezingane kuye kwafikelela kumanqanaba obhubhane. Ipesenteji yabantwana abagqithiseleyo kunamaxesha angaphezu kwesithathu ukusuka ngee-1970, ngokwe-CDC, ebeka izinto ezinjengeekhalori ezininzi kwijusi, i-soda, ukutya okukhawulezileyo, izabelo ezingaphezulu, kwaye akukho msebenzi okwaneleyo. Unokunciphisa umngcipheko womntwana wakho wokuba ungaphezu komzimba obunobungozi ngokuqhubeka nokukhuthaza imikhuba yokutya enempilo, ixesha lokunciphisa phambi kweemidlalo zevidiyo kunye neTV okanye izikrini zekhompyutheni, kwaye ubeke umzekelo omhle ngokwakho.

Ukulala

Ukususela ngoku kude kube ngumntwana osemtsha, umntwana wakho uya kuyidinga phakathi kweeyure ezithoba kunye ne-11 zobuthongo obuphezulu ubusuku bonke. Ezinye iindlela zokukhuthaza ezi zinto zibandakanya ukuba azivale ifowuni yakhe, ithebhulethi, okanye i-laptop yakhe ubuncinane kwiyure ngaphambi kokulala; ukunyanzelisa ixesha lokulala eliza kumvumela ukuba angene kwiiyure ezi-9 ukuya kwiiyure ezili-11 (nje ubale emva kwayo nayiphi na ixesha ekufuneka ayenayo ukuze alungiselele isikolo); kunye nokwenza ikamelo lokulala libe yindawo yokuphumla.

Ukuhlola umntwana kakuhle

Ugqirha lomntwana wakho uya kujonga impilo yakhe yonke ngokuhlolwa okusemzimbeni ngokupheleleyo, kumnike nayiphi na iigcino alahlekileyo, kwaye umbonise umbono wakhe nokuva.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Yiba nokujongana neenkxalabo eziqhelekileyo zesikolo ezifana ne-ADHD, i-allergies, ne-asthma. Umntwana wakho unokufumana iintlungu ezikhulayo.
• Xa sele bechitha yonke imini esikolweni abanye abantwana bayaziqaphela ngokusebenzisa indlu yokuhlambela kwaye baya kubamba ukunyakaza kwabo baze bafike ekhaya. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubanjeni, ekugqibeleni, imeko eyaziwa njenge-encopresis. Ewe, awufuni ukunyanzela umntwana wakho malunga nale nto ukuba uyakrokrela ukuba yingxaki, kodwa qiniseka ukuba ukhululekile ukuza kuwe malunga nale nto okanye nayiphi na into.

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Uneminyaka engama-7 kuya kwe-8 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Abantwana abaninzi abaneminyaka esikolweni bafumana iikhalori ezininzi kwizinto abaziselayo-kungekhona kuphela kwi-soda kunye nezinye iziselo ezishukela iishukela kodwa kwi-juice yesithelo: I-AAP icebisa abantwana abaneminyaka engama-7 nangaphezulu ukuba bangaphuze ngaphezu kwama-ounces angama-8 e-fruit of unsweetened and pasteurized 100% ijusi nganye ngosuku. Zonke ezinye iimveliso zamanzi kufuneka zivela kubisi kunye namanzi. Kwabantwana abadlala kakhulu kwizemidlalo ngexesha elithile emva kokuba umsebenzi we-sweaty ulungile.

Ukulala

Isikhathi sokulala esiza kuvumela umntwana wakho ukuba afike phakathi kweeyure ezisi-9 kunye ne-11 zobuthongo obuphezulu ubusuku bonke kuya kuba yintloko ekuncedeni ukuba akhule kwaye afunde. Ngokusemandleni akho, zama ukugcina ishedyuli yokulala kwakhe ngeveki efanayo neyo ngeveki. Ululeko olufanayo luya kwikhefu zesikolo kunye neeholide zeholide: Kungenokuba nzima ukwenza isithuba sokulala emva kokuhlwa nobusuku obuthathaka.

Uhlolo lweNtwana

Oku kuya kuba yinto yokuhlola ngokuqhelekileyo, kunye naso nasiphi na isibhamu esingafanelekile. Abanye abantwana baqala ukubonakalisa iimpawu zokuza kutshatyalaliswa kule minyaka; udokotela wezingane uza kukuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho ungomnye wabo.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Unako ukuphosa ulungelelwano, kodwa de kube ngumntwana wakho phakathi ko-8 no-12 kwaye ubuncinane ubunama-intshi ezingama-57 (4 inyawo, 9 intshi). yakhe engozini. Oku kunokuba yinkxalabo yinkomo yabantwana bayo abangabangaphezulu kunokuba kunjalo, kodwa lo myalelo omnye awuthathelanga.
• Ukusebenza kweSikolo kunye nemiba yoluntu kuya kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba unenkxalabo phambi kokuba udibaniselwano lwenu-ntlanganiso-ntetho-titshala, ufikelele ootitshala bezingane zakho uncedo kunye nesikhokelo. Baza kuba njengotyalomali ukubona umntwana wakho ephumelela njengoko ukhona.
• Lindela umntwana wakho ukuba abonakale ebhuomerang kude nawe nakwezinye iintsapho-ngamanye amaxesha ukugxininisa ekwenzeni izigqibo malunga nezinto ezinxibayo okanye ukuba izinwele zakhe zinqunywe njani kwaye kufuneka zidityaniswe kwaye zidibene. Kungenza ube nutshu, kodwa hamba kunye nokuhamba kwelokuba ukhululekile: Ngethuba nje umntwana wakho ukhuselekile kwaye uphilile ukuba aqale ukuhlakulela imilinganiselo yakhe yokuziphatha kunye nezindlela ezizimeleyo zokucinga.

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Uneminyaka engama-9 ukuya kwe-10 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Khuthaza umntwanakho ukuba ahlakulele imikhuba efanelekileyo yokutya okuza kukhulisa ukukhula nokuphuhliswa kwakhe ngoku kwaye ummisele ixesha lokuphila ngokutya okunempilo. Sisebenzela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezithelo kunye nemifuno kunye neeprotheni ezinomzimba ezinjengeentlanzi, ikakhulukazi iintlobo zamanzi ezibandayo eziphezulu kwi-omega 3 amafutha, i-nut kunye ne-butter butter, ioli ephilileyo njengomnqumo, kunye ne-avocados. Ukutya ukutya okukhawulezileyo kunye nokutya kwe-junk njengento yokuphatha.

Ukulala

Imfundo, umsebenzi wesikolo, kunye nemidlalo yamasemini kunye neminye imisebenzi iya kuqala ukuyidla kwimini yengane yakho, enokubangela umngeni xa kufikelelwe ekuqinisekiseni ukuba uyakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi kunye nokudlala ixesha kunye nokulala ngokwaneleyo-phakathi kwe-9 kunye 11 iiyure nganye ebusuku-ukuphumula kakuhle. Ukuba uneselfowuni, ithebhulethi, okanye i-laptop yakhe, eli lixesha lokumfundisa ukuba kubalulekile ukuvala okungenani iyure ngaphambi kokulala: Ukuboniswa ekukhanyeni kwiskrini kunokuphazamisa ubuthongo obuphezulu.

Uhlolo lweNtwana

Oku kuya kuba yinto yokuhlola ngokuqhelekileyo, kunye naso nasiphi na isibhamu esingafanelekile. Umntwana wakho unokubonakalisa iimpawu zobushushu, oza kugqirha nodokotela wakhe nawe.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Ukuba ayengekafiki, qalisa ukuthetha nomntwana wakho ngeengozi zokubhema ugwayi, ukuphuza, ukusela utywala, kwaye, ewe, kwanamachiza. Iintsana ezininzi sele sele ziqalise ukuzama ezi zinto ngeli xesha ziqala isikolo esiphakamileyo, okanye nakwisikolo esiphakathi, ngoko, ngokwe-AAP, awukwazi ukuqala incoko ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuxhatshazwa kungabangela ingxaki kubafundi bokuqala. Kwi-website yayo, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo I-Stomp Out Inkcazo yokuxhaphaza ibonisa ukuba umntwana uxhatshazwa, kuquka ukuxhalaba ngokuya esikolweni, ukudakumba okanye ukudandatheka, ukulahleka kwesidlo, ukuchithwa okungaxeliweyo okanye ukunyanyiswa, ukwesaba ukuya esikolweni, kunye neendlongo.

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Uneminyaka yakho-11 ukuya kwe-12 ubudala

Ukutya nokutya

Unokufumanisa kuba nzima ngakumbi ukuhlala phantsi njengentsapho ekudleni, ngenxa yemfundo yomculo, izenzo zemidlalo kunye neziganeko, kunye nokuzimela komntwana wakho kunye nokuthanda ukuxhoma kunye nabahlobo. Zama ukusebenza kwintsapho okanye ezimbini ngeveki ngeli xesha: Le ndlela ebalulekileyo yokukhusela abantwana ekudleni kuninzi kwaye ibandakanyeke kwimisebenzi enobungozi njengokusela nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. Gcinani engqondweni, akufuneki ukuba sidle! Iidlo zokutya ngeveki okanye iibhontshisi, okanye kunye neesondlo kunye ndawonye.

Ukulala

I-Preteens idinga ubuncinane ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezili-9 ukuya kwe-11 zokulala imihla ngemihla, kubandakanywa ngeveki, ngokweSNSF.

Uhlolo lweNtwana

Ugqirha lomntwana wakho uya kuphakamisa ukuba umntwana wakho athathe i-HPV yakhe yokuqala ukudubula ngexesha elijika ngayo 11. I-HPV imele ipapillomavirus yabantu, ibonakaliso eboniswe ukwandisa umngcipheko weentlobo ezithile zomhlaza xa zisasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano lwezesondo. I-CDC icebisa ukuba "bonke abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-11 okanye eyi-12 ubudala kufuneka bafumane izibhengezo ezimbini ze-HPV yokugonya ezintandathu ukuya kweyeshumi elinesibini ngaphandle. Iintsholongwane ezifumana iifotshane ezimbini ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezintlanu ziya kufuna i-dose yesithathu yokugonya kwe-HPV." I-CDC iphinda ikhuthaza abantwana ukuba bafumane isitofu sokugonywa kwamadoda ngo-11 okanye ngo-12.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

• Iminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo iphakathi kweyona mngeni kunzima kakhulu kuwe kunye nokudideka komntwana wakho. Ubushushu bubodwa banele ngokwenzela ukuba ube nantoni ezincinane. Inokwenzeka ukuba intombi yakho iya kuqala ukuhlakulela amabele kwaye kufuneka uqale ukugqoka ibra. Kwakhona unokufumana ithuba lokuqala, ngoko yinto efanelekileyo yokugcina isitokethi kwiindawo zokuhlambulula iimeko zangasese.
• Oku kuya kukhwankqisa, kodwa yinto efanelekileyo yokugcina iso ngaphandle kwimiqondiso yakho yeshumi elinokuba lunokusetyenziswa nokusela okanye iziyobisi. Ezi zibandakanya ukuvumba komsi okanye utswala kotywala kumntwana wakho okanye ukuphefumla; amehlo obomvu; ukuziphatha okuyimfihlo; kunye noshintsho olukhawuleza kubahlobo abaxhomeke nabo.
• Ngama-13, i-CDC ithi ininzi abantwana banamanani ngokwaneleyo ukuhamba ngokuphepha kwindawo ephambili yemoto.

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Uneminyaka engama-13 ukuya kwe-18 ubudala

Uhlolo lweNtwana

Ngexesha elithile kwiminyaka yeshumi elivisayo, umntwana wakho unokufuna ukutshintshela kwisigqirha sesigqirha sofana nesimo-ngokumzekelo, ukuba ugqirha wengane yakho uye wahlala ebhinqa, unokuziva ekhululekile xa ebonwa yindoda ugqirha kwisenzo esifanayo okanye esinye isenzo. Akunabo bonke abantwana abavakalelwa ngale ndlela, kodwa yinto efunekayo yokuyiqonda kwaye ilungiselelwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ugqirha, mhlawumbi uya kugxothwa kwigumbi lokuhlola; Udokotela wengane yakho uya kuthetha nawe emva kokubona umntwana wakho.

Okulungileyo Ukwazi: Ukhuseleko, Izinto ezinzima, kunye nokunye

Umntwana wakho uya kuqalisa ukuqhuba ngexesha eli-17. Awukwazi ukugxininisa ngokwaneleyo ingozi yokuthumela imiyalezo okanye ukuthetha kwiselfowuni ngelixa emva kwevili lesithuthi. Musa ukuthetha nje intetho, nangona kunjalo; uhambahamba. Kwaye abantwana abadala baqhubeka befunda ngomzekelo baze bakopishe ukuziphatha kwabazali babo. Enyanisweni, kuba ngumqhubi okhuselekileyo ngandlela-thile: Ukuba uphuze okanye ukhathele ukuqhuba ngokukhuselekileyo, vumela umntwana wakho akubone ukushiya izihluthulelo kumhlobo okanye ukubiza imoto ukuba ufumane ukusuka kwinqanaba A ukuya kutsho B .

> Imithombo:

> I-American Academy yePediatrics. "Ukunxila kunye nokusetyenziswa koMlenze wabantu." Pediatrics . 129 (3): e827-41. i-doi: 10.1542 / iindlwana.2011-3552. 2012.

> HealthyChildren.org. "I-Pacifier Safety". Novbaby 21, 2015.

> I-American Academy ye-Pediatric kunye ne-Pediatrician Endocrine Society. "Ubunzima beVithamini D kunye neeRicket." 2015.

> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. "Ubuncinane beNkcazo yeBantwana." 2017.