Yonke into enifanele ukwazi ngayo ngokubonwa komboniso womntwana
Ukubonwa kombono oqhelekileyo kubalulekile kuba ukungaqhelekanga okuninzi kuyaphiliswa xa kufumaneka kwangaphambili, kwaye kungakhange kulandelwe, kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kombono kunye nokungaboni. Phakathi kweengxaki zombono ootitshala bezingane zakho uza kuhlolisisa umntwana wakho ngokubandakanya:
- I-Strabismus - Ukungalungiswa kwamagama amabini, okuchaphazela malunga ne-4% yabantwana. I-Strabismus idla ngokuchazwa ngolu lathiso lokungalungiswanga, olungaphandle (exotropia), ngaphakathi (esotropia), phezulu (hypertropia) okanye phantsi (hypotropia). Umntwana unokuba ne-phoria kunye nokuphambuka kwamehlo kuphela xa enye yamehlo igubungelwe okanye xa ikhulelwe okanye igula.
- U-Amblyopia - Umbono owehliswayo kwiso, onokubakho okwesibini kwi-strabismus, i-anisometropia (ukungalingani kokuphambuka kweempazamo kwimiba yomibini, umzekelo, ukuba iliso elinye libhekiselele kunenye iliso), i-cataract, i-cataracts njll.
- Iiphoso zokurhoxisa - Njenga-myopia (ukujonga kwangaphambili) kunye ne-hypermetropia (ukugqitha).
Kubantwana abancinci, ukuvandlakanywa kombono kuya kubakho ukuhlolwa kwe-reflex ebomvu (ukuhlolisisa i-cataracts kunye ne-retinoblastoma), ukulungelelaniswa kwamehlo (amehlo angalunganga angabonisa ukuhamba kwesantya) kunye nokunyuka kwamehlo.
Ukubonwa komboniso
Abantwana abakhulileyo, beqala kwiminyaka emithathu ubudala, bafanele babe novavanyo olusemthethweni lombono wabo. Kuze kube nzima ukuvavanywa kombono emva kokuminyaka emithathu ubudala, umbono womntwana omncinci ungahlolwa ngokujonga indlela abalungiselela ngayo kunye nokulandelela izinto kunye nembali yabazali bomntwana. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo kubantwana zibandakanya ukukwazi ukulandela into ukuya kwi-midline kwiiveki zokuqala ezi-2-6, i-midline edlulileyo ngeenyanga ezi-1-3 kwaye landela into engama-180 degrees ngeenyanga ezi-3-5.
Ukuba umntwana wakho akajongane nale miba ephambili yokuphuhliswa ngexesha, kufuneka ubone udokotela wezilwanyana ukuba uhlalutye.
Olunye uvavanyo lunokubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-reflex light light, apho ukhanyiso lujoliswe kwibhulorho yempumlo kunye ne-reflex yokukhanya ihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilingqamana okanye ikhanya endaweni efanayo kwimiba emibini.
Ukuba i-reflex yokukhanya ikhulile-kwindawo okanye ingahambelani kumabini omabili, oko kungabonisa ukungalungiswa kwamaso. Oku kunceda ukwahlula i-pseudostrabismus, imeko apho amehlo ebonakala ngathi ayilungelelaniswa ngenxa yeendwangu ezivelele ze-epicanthal okanye ibhulorho ebanzi kwaye engadingi unyango, kwi-strabismus yangempela.
Uvavanyo lwe-cover unilatteral lungasetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukuba umntwana okanye umntwana omncinci uya kulandela into ngelixa elinye lihloselwe. Ngokomzekelo, udokotela wakho wezingane unokubona ukuba umntwana wakho unokulungisa kwaye alandele ithoyizi ngamabini omabili, aze agubungele iliso lesobunxele aze abone ukuba uyaqhubeka elandela iliso lakhe lasekunene. Emva koko, iliso lasekunene lifihliwe ukuze libone ukuba liya kulandela ithoyiyi ngeliso lakhe lasekhohlo. Ukuba ufumana uqobo okanye unqabile ukulandela into xa ufihla enye yamehlo akhe, oko kungabonisa ukuba umbono kwelinye iso linciphile.
Kwabantwana abadala, ukuhlolwa kwekhava engenakunceda kwakhona ukukhangela i-strabismus. Ngethuba umntwana ekhangele into ede, njengetshathi yeliso okanye ithoyizi, gcina enye yamehlo akhe. Ukuba elinye iliso liphuma ngaphandle okanye lingenjalo, oko kungabonisa ukuba amehlo akhe aphuhlisiwe kwaye unesifo. Uvavanyo luphinde luphindwe ngokufihla elinye iliso.
Xa Ufuna Ukuhlola Okuqhubekayo
Ezinye iingxaki ezibonisa imfuno yokuhlola okuqhubekayo zibandakanya abazali beqaphela ukuba amehlo abo abantwana awela, ukuba amehlo abo awanakulunga okanye ukuba abonakala bengaboni kakuhle. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba abantwana abancinci abavumi ukubika iingxaki ngemibono yabo, ingakumbi ukuba ingxaki ikhona kwelinye iso kunye nelinye iliso elihlala kuyo.
Abadala, abantwana besikolo esikolweni, bangabika ukuba abakwazi ukubona ibhodi, okanye banokuba neentloko ezivakalayo, imibono emibini, okanye bahlala bekweleta. Ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo kubonakala kunokwenzeka xa umntwana eneminyaka emithathu ubudala, nangona abantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 banako ukuvavanywa ngamakhadi omfanekiso.
Ishadi le-Allen liquka imifanekiso ebonakalayo elula, kuquka ikhekhe, isandla, intaka, ihashe kunye nomnxeba.
Olunye uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziselwa abantu abaneminyaka engama-3-5 ubudala luloluhlu lwe-E okanye umdlalo we-'E ', ishati kunye neleta E ekhokelo oluhlukeneyo (phezulu, phansi, ekunene nasekhohlo) kunye nobukhulu. Abantwana bavavanywa ngokubuza ukuba yeyiphi i-orientation okanye isikhokelo kwileta E ekhoyo kwindatshana nganye. Ukuze ulungiselele umntwana wakho kulolu vavanyo, ungadlala umdlalo okhombayo ekukhuseleni i-Blindness America. Banekho ikopi yovavanyo lweMbono woLuntu lwaBantwana abancinci, abasebenzisa i-chart ye-E, kwaye ungayisebenzisa ekhaya.
Kubantwana abangakwazi ukufumana ezinye iileta, inkqubo ye-HOTV, apho iileta H, O, T kunye neV ziboniswa ngobukhulu obuhlukeneyo kwitshathi zingasetyenziswa. Umntwana unikezwa ibhodi eneH, O, T kunye ne-V enkulu kuyo, kwaye uyalelwa ukuba abhekisele kwileta ebhodini efana neleta kwitshati.
Abantwana abakhulileyo banokuvavanywa kunye ne-Snellen yamehlo aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ngabantu abadala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isatidi ye-Snellen yona ilungileyo kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe xa kunokwenzeka.
Imigangatho yoLungelelaniso lweZiboniso
Emva kokuvavanywa kwenziwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo sinquma ukuba umntwana uphumelele uvavanyo, kuba abantwana abasesikolweni basesikolweni akudingeki ukuba babe nombono we-20/20 wokugqithisa uvavanyo. I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics ikhuphe imigangatho yobuninzi obubonakalayo kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo, kuquka:
- 20/40 kubantwana abane-3-4 ubudala
- 20/30 kubantwana abadala
- 20/20 abantwana besikolo esikolweni
Ukongeza kwizinto ezibonakalayo, indlela amehlo omntwana athelekiswa ngayo nomnye kubalulekile. Kuwuphi na ubudala, ukuba kukho imida emibini phakathi kwamehlo, oko kungabonisa ukulahleka okukhulu kwemibono, njengomzekelo, ukuba iliso elinye liyi-20/20, kodwa elinye iliso liyi-20/40. Okanye ukuba iliso elinye lili-20/30 kwaye elinye iliso liyi-20/50.
Abantwana abangasebenzisaniyo okanye abahluleka ukuvavanya ukuhlolwa kweso sikhundla kwi-ofisi ye-Peditrician, ngokukodwa xa kukho imigudu emininzi, kufuneka ibonwe yi-Ophthalmologist yezilwanyana ukuze kuhlolwe ngakumbi.
Ukuthunyelwa kwi-Ophthalmologist yezilwanyana yinto efanelekileyo kubantwana abane-strabismus emva kokuba baneminyaka engama-6 ubudala, ukuba bane-ptosis, apho i-eyelid i-droops ephezulu, okanye ukuba nayiphi na iliso ichanekile endaweni okanye inokunyanzelisa, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba iintsana zintsana okanye iintsana zihlala ziwela. I-Strabismus enye imeko ye-Patiatric apho 'ukulinda nokubona' indlela yokufumana ukuba umntwana uya kukhula kwinkinga ayifanelekanga. Izingane kufuneka zibonwe yi-ophthalmologist ukuba zisengozini enkulu yokuba neengxaki ezibonakalayo, ezinjengezinsana ezingaphambi kwintsana, abantwana abane-Down syndrome, i-Sturge Weber syndrome, i-JRA, i-neurofibromotosis, isifo sikashukela okanye i-Marfan syndrome, abantwana abazalwa ngesifo sokukhulelwa, okanye ukuba kukho imbali yentsapho ye-strabismus okanye enye ingxaki yokujonga iso.
Kwakhona, ukuba ugqirha wakho wezilwanyana awunikeli ukuboniswa kwembono ekuhlolweni kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, unokucinga ukuba ubona i-ophthalmologist yezilwanyana ukuba ukhangele umbono womntwana wakho.
Yintoni i-Ophthalmologist?
I-Ophthalmologist ngugqirha wezobugqirha (MD), oqeqesho lwayo luquka iminyaka emine yeekholeji, iminyaka emine yesikolo sezonyango, unyaka o-1 we-internship kunye neminyaka emithathu yoqeqesho lokuhlala kwi-ophthalmology. Ukongezelela kokumisela iiglasi okanye i-lens, i-ophthalmologists ixilonga kwaye ixhaphaze iimbandezelo zamehlo kwaye yenza ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo.
I-Ophthalmologist (MD) yezilwanyana, ngaphezu kokugqiba isikolo sezonyango, indawo yokuhlala kunye neendawo zokuhlala ze-ophthalmology, ugqibe unyaka owongezelelweyo wokuqeqesha ubudlelwane kwi-ophthalmology yezingane.
I-Optometrist (OD) idla ngokugqiba iminyaka emi-2-4 yekholejini kunye ne-4 ye-kholeji ye-optometric. I-optometrist iyakwazi ukuxilonga kunye neskrini ukuba ibone ukungabonakali kwaye ibeke iiglasi kunye neelensi zokudibanisa.
Ngokutsho kwe-American Academy of Pediatrics, 'ukuba udokotela wakho wezilwanyana ubonisa ukuba umntwana wakho ujonge amehlo akhe, i-ophthalmologist yezilwanyana inomlinganiselo ogqithiseleyo wonyango, uqeqesho olubanzi kakhulu nolunzulu, kunye nobunzulu obukhulu ekusebenzelaneni nabantwana kunye nokunyanga iingxaki zeeyame.
Fumana i-Ophthalmologist yezilwanyana kwindawo yakho. Ukuba awunayo imithombo yemali ukuze uhlalutye umbono womntwana wakho okanye iingxaki zakhe ziphathwe, jonga ezi zixhobo zoncedo:
- Ukujonga Abafundi - Le nkqubo inika iimviwo kunye neengqungquthela kubantwana abangaqinisekanga eUnited States.