Ngeminyaka emi-5 ubudala, unyana wam nje ufunda indlela yokubhala igama lakhe elipheleleyo. Ukhawuleza ujikeleze indlu, ngokuzibonakalisa ngokuqhayisa igama lakhe, ezimbalwa zeeleta ngasemva, kumntu wonke oya kumphulaphula.
Mna mna nomyeni wam, sithatha ixesha lokudumisa imizamo yakhe yokufunda ukubhala igama lakhe, nangona ubuchule bokufunda indlela yokubhala igama lakhe buhle kakhulu kunye nomntwana oneminyaka yakhe, isifundo se-2017 sifunde ukuba, eneneni, mhlawumbi waqala ukufunda indlela yokubhala iminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.
Xa ucinga ngoku, malunga nokuba abantwana bafunda ulwimi, bafunde ukuthetha nokubhala ngexesha elincinci lexesha, kuyinto engavamile. Njengabazali kunye nabanonophelo kunye nootitshala, sonke sifuna ukukhuthaza abantwana bethu ukuba bafunde izakhono abaya kuyidinga ubomi babo, kodwa abaninzi bethu abacinga ukuba bacinga kakhulu malunga nendlela ezo zakhono ziphuhliswa ngayo-okanye ziphi ixesha esinokuzikhuthaza ngayo abantwana baqale ukufunda indlela yokubhala.
Bantwana Bafunda Nini Ukubhala?
Sinokucinga ukuba abantwana abayifundanga ukuba bayibhala baze bafike kwiminyaka emdala, njengendodana yam, kodwa isifundo esenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseWashington eSt. Louis yabonisa ezinye iziphumo ezithandekayo ezibonakalisa ngenye indlela. Uphononongo olushicilelwe kwiphephancwadi lweNtuthuko yabantwana lubonise ukuba abantwana baqala ukufunda izakhono zokubhala xa beseneminyaka emithathu.
Ngaphambili, iingcaphephe zophuhliso lwezingane zazicinga ukuba abantwana bafunde ukubhala kuphela xa befunda ukuba zithini izandi ezimele iileta nganye.
Ngoko, umzekelo, xa umntwana efundile ukuba "u-A" uzwakala njani, uyakwazi ukudibanisa ukuba isandi kwileta kwaye uvela apho, qala ukubhala iileta ezimele izandi eziva.
Kunoko, olu pho nonongo lufumene ukuba abantwana bafunda ngokusemthethweni ukubhala ngaphambi kokuba bafunde ukuba ziphi iileta ezimela izandi ezithile.
U-Rebecca Treiman, umbhali wenzululwazi yezobuchopho zesayensi nengqondo, wachaza ukuba uphando lubonisa ukuba abantwana babonakalisa ulwazi malunga neendlela ezibhalwe ngolwimi olubhaliweyo, njengoloko iileta zihlala zihlanganiswe ngaphambi kokuba zifunde ukuba zithini ezo ncwadi. Ubuncinci babo baqaphela iipateni ngamagama abakubonayo kwincwadi, nangaphambi kokuba bazi ukuba zithini na ezo ndlela okanye oko kuthetha ukuthini.
Indlela yokuBhala izakhono eziPhuhliso
Olu cwaningo, ngokungafani nezinye iincwadi ezihlolisise ukuba iindlela zokubhala zabantwana ziphucula njani njengoko zikhula, zijonga indlela abantwana baqala ngayo ukufunda ukubhala. Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba abantwana baqala ukubhala "amagama" elandela ngokwenene imigaqo yolwimi olubhaliweyo, ukususela kwiminyaka engama-3. Ngokomzekelo, bangabhala igama elingenangqiqo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo lingalandela umgaqo-siseko wokujonga ngathi igama ngokuphindaphinda iileta ezimele izikhalazi okanye iintlobo zegama.
Ucwaningo lukaTriman lubheka ukupela "amagama" avela ku-179 abantwana base-US phakathi kweminyaka engama-3 iminyaka emi-2 kunye ne-5 iminyaka engama-6 eyayizi "spellers" ze "prephonological"; oku kuthetha nje ukuba babethetha amagama ngeencwadi ezazingenakunxibelelana nezandi zeleta kwamagama angamazwi.
Into abayifumene kukuba xa ucelwa ukuba uchaze igama elifanayo, "ikati," umzekelo, umntwana osekhulile angeke akwazi ukubhala nayiphi na iileta ezivakalayo njengaleta ngelizwi, kodwa uyaqonda ukuba "ikati" Igama elifutshane kunokuba uthi "indlovu" kwaye ubhale phantsi igama labo ngokufanelekileyo. Olu buchule luphucula njengoko umntwana ekhula, ngoko abantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 banamakhono angcono okubhala amagama abonakala ngathi ngamazwi kunabantwana besikolo.
Abaphandi ba sekelwe oko kubonakala ngathi "igama" kwimigangatho embalwa, ebandakanya: ubude begama, usebenzisa iileta ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwamagama, nendlela abadibanisa ngayo iileta ngaphakathi kwamagama.
Oko okufundiswayo
Ngokwabaphandi, olu phofu lusebaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantwana bafunda njani ukufumana imigaqo eqhelekileyo yokufunda nokubhala ngexesha elincinane kunokuba babecinga ngaphambili. Ukukwazi oku kuvumela abazali, abanonophelo kunye nootitshala ukuba baphucule kangcono ukufundisa abantwana abancinci abantwana iziseko zolwimi, banike isiqalo esingcono ekufundeni kwexesha elide.
Umlobi-mbononongo uphinde wabonisa ukuba iziphumo zingancedisa ootitshala ukuba baphuhlise icebo lokuchonga nasiphi na isakhono sokukhubazeka sokufunda ekuqaleni. Abantwana abanokuba nayo nayiphi na imingeni yokufunda inzuzo evela kungenelelo kwangethuba, ngoko ukuchonga loo mingeni ngokukhawuleza kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.
Yintoni Ongayenza Ukuze Khuthaze Ukubhala Kwi-Toddler Yakho
Nangona akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokubamba iqela lokubhala ngesandla kunye nomncinci wakho, unokwenza ngokuqinisekileyo uqalise ukuzisa izakhono zokubhala kumntwana wakho ukuba ungathanda. Unokuba unomdla wokubona indlela encinci yakho isondela ekufundeni nasekubhaliseni, ukuba uya kukhangela ngokwemvelo ukuthanda ulwimi, okanye ukuba ulindele iiphina iingxaki. Kodwa ke, gcinani engqondweni ukuba abantwana bayashintsha ncinane ukusuka kwiminyaka encinane ukuya kwiminyaka yobudala.
Ukuze uqalise ukuzisa ukubhala kubantwana bakho, zama ezi ngcebiso:
- Khawuqwalasele ukuphuhlisa imoto yakho yomntwana. Ukuba umntanakho ulandela ukuphuhliswa kweemoto eziqhelekileyo, unokujonga ubungqina bakhe bokuphuhliswa kwezakhono ukuze abone oko akufanele akwazi ukufezekisa ngeminyaka. Ukuba umntwana wakho usemncinci kakhulu ukuba abambe irayrayoni, umzekelo, kusenokuba yithuba lokuqalisa amagama angeniso nje.
- Ukubonelela ngamakhrayoni amakhulu, amanqaku, okanye ipenki yengane yakho ukuba uyiqonde. Uneminyaka emithathu ubudala kunye nophuhliso oluqhelekileyo kufuneka akwazi ukubamba kunye nombala ngekrayoni, uphawu, okanye ipencil, kodwa umntwana omncinci angenelwa kwikrayoni enkulu enesiseko esomeleleyo. Uyilo olukhulu lukwenza kube lula ukuba umntwana usebambe kwaye aqale ukudweba ephepheni.
- Khokela encinci yakho kwimidlalo yamagama. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ongazisa ngayo umxholo wegama kumntwana wakho omncinci-unokwenza umdla ngomfanekiso ohambelana nawo, unokuba nezingane zakho zokubhala ukubhala amagama emva kokuba ubhale, okanye ungadlala umdlalo wethu ozithandayo we "Snowman. "U Dweba imigca yeleta nganye ngelizwi, unayo ii-letters zokuqaphela ezincinci zegama, kwaye ileta nganye ephosiweyo ifumana enye inxalenye ye-snowman. (Kufana ne "Hangman," kodwa kuphela ukufaneleka komntwana!)
- Banike inkululeko. Nangona kungathi kubonakala kunzima ukuzama ukukhokela umntwana wakho ukuba abe ngu-wordsmith ngeminyaka emibini ubudala, enye yezinto ezilungileyo kakhulu ongayenza kumntwana wakho kukumane ubuyele kwaye umvumele ukuba ahlole oko kuthetha ukuthini ukubhala konke. Unokuxelisa okanye uzame ukubhala amagama kwiincwadi zakhe, kodwa uqiniseke ukuba umdlalo ngumsebenzi wobuntwana kwaye umntwana wakho uhlala efunda ngokugqithiseleyo ngokusebenzisa umdlalo wamahhala.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Ukufundisa umntwana wakho ukuba abhale kubalwa esemva. Unokukunceda ukukhulisa isandla somntwana ngokubambisa iikhrayoni okanye ezinye izixhobo zokubhala ebuncinane, uhleli phantsi nomntwana wakho ukuchaza amagama kunye nokuthetha ngazo kunye, kwaye unike igumbi lomntwana ukuba lihlolisise ukubhala. Nangona "amagama" abantwana bakho bhala babheka njengento efana neyona nto, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde indlela yokunxibelelana ngolwimi olubhaliweyo, ngoko umkhuthaze ukuba abhale rhoqo.
Kwaye njengoko kunjalo, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza kumntwana wakho nayiphi na iminyaka ukufunda kunye . Unokutshintshela ukufunda kumntwana wakho okanye ukuba umntwana wakho "afunde" kuwe, kodwa mhlawumbi indlela, iifundo zibonisa ukuba ukufunda kunye kukunceda yonke imiba yonxibelelwano, ukuphuhliswa kolwimi kunye nekamva elizayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukufunda kuyisoloko kuyimisebenzi emnandi yokwenza kunye. Awukwazi ukungahambi kakuhle ngokufunda kwaye kunomdla ukubona indlela izifundo ezibonisa ngayo ukuba kukho uphuhliso oluninzi lunokwenzeka nakwiminyaka emncinci kakhulu kwaye siyaqonda. Ukuzisa izakhono zolwimi, ngendlela yokufunda okanye ukubhala kunokukunceda ukunxulumanisa nayiphi na imingeni yokufunda imingeni kwangaphambili.
Imithombo
I-Treiman R, uKessler B, uBoland K, et al. UFundo lweStatistical and Spelling Uphuhliso lwabantwana , 2017; INGXELO: 10.1111 / cdev.12893