Unokufumana usuleleko lwe-salmonella (salmonellosis) ukusuka ekudleni, kwizilwanyana ezifuywayo, okanye kuvelele kumfesane omntu okanye wezilwanyana. Abantwana, asebekhulile kunye nabantu abane-immune system basesichengeni. Funda ngezizathu eziqhelekileyo kunye nemingcipheko ukuze unqande lo mthombo wokutya utywala kunye nesifo sohudo.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo
Ukusuleleka kwe-Salmonella kubangelwa yiibhaktheriya kwi-genus Salmonella , ehlala emathinini emathunjini abantu kunye nezilwanyana kwaye isasazeka ngemfesi.
Nangona le bhaktheriya ingenakwenza isilwanyana sigule, sinokugulisa abantu. Umntu osuleleka kwi-salmonella unokusasaza kwabanye abantu ngeemfesi.
I-nontyphoidal salmonella ikhokelela kwisifo se-salmonella gastroenteritis. Iintlobo ze-typhoid zivelisa umkhuhlane we-typhoid, ongaqhelekanga e-US kodwa ungabonakala kumazwe asathuthukayo. Ama-serotypes amaninzi (okanye ukuhlukahluka okuhlukileyo) kwale bhaktheriya ngokuqhelekileyo ikhulile kwiintsholongwane kunye nezifo.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ze-salmonella ezisasazekayo: ngokutya okumanzi kunye namanzi kunye nokuqhagamshelana nezilwanyana ezithwala ibhaktheriya.
Ukwelashwa kweSalmonella
Iibhaktheriya ze-Salmonella zikhona kwiinkomo ezininzi zezilwanyana, kuquka inkomo, iinkukhu kunye nentlanzi, kwaye zihlala zihlambela inyama yazo, ubisi okanye amaqanda. Kwimeko yamaqanda, iibhaktheriya zinokungena ngaphakathi kwegobolondo kunye nangaphandle. Ukucoceka kwe-Fecal yamanzi okanye ukungcola okuphambeneyo ngexesha lokucwangciswa okanye ukulungiselela ukutya kunokukhokelela ekusasazeni ibhaktheriya kwimifuno, iziqhamo, ukutya kwezilwanyana zasendle, iziqholo kunye nokutya okucwangcisiweyo.
Ukupheka kuya kubulala iibhaktheriya, yintoni i-thermometer yezilwanyana isetyenziselwa ukupheka inkukhu. Ukubilisa ubisi kunye namanzi abilayo kubulala iibhaktheriya.
Ukudibanisa nezilwanyana
Unako ukutyhila kwi-salmonella ngezilwanyana zasefama kunye nezilwanyana. Ukuba usebenza okanye u tyelele ipulazi okanye ugcine izilwanyana zasemapulazini, ungaqhagamshelana ne-bhakteriya njengoko ihlambela izibilini, ubomvu, iintsiba kunye namanzi angaphantsi komhlaba.
Ezi zilwanyana zinokubonakala zicocekile kwaye ziphilile kwaye zisasaza iibhaktheriya. Izilwanyana ezaziwa ngokuba zisasaza i-salmonella ziquka iinkukhu, iibhokhwe, iinkomo, izimvu kunye nehagu. Ngoxa ungeke ucinge ukuba iinkukhu zakho zangasemva zingaba ngumthombo wale bhaktiriya, iZiko loLawulo lweZifo (i-CDC) libikwe kwiimeko ze-salmonella ezingaphezu kwe-790 zazisasazeka ngaloo ndlela kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2017. ukususela ngo-1990 ukuya ku-2014. Iinkqubo zokulima ezinxulumene nomngcipheko we-salmonellosis ziquka:
- Ukuhluleka ukuqokelela amaqanda ubuncinci bemihla ngemihla, ngakumbi kwimimandla eshushu
- Akunakulungiseli amaqanda emva kokuqokelela
- Musa ukuhlamba izandla emva kokuchukumisa okanye ukucoca inkukhu
- Ukukrazula okanye ukutsala inkukhu
- Ukungaphumeleli ukwahlukanisa iinkuku ezibonakalayo ezigulayo
- Ukulima izitiya kunye nomgquba ongekho, ongascolisa izityalo
Izilwanyana nazo ziyimvelaphi ye-salmonella. Izidubedube ezifana ne-iguana, iilzards, kunye nee-turtles zidla ngokuba ne-salmonella ibhakteria esikhwameni sazo okanye kwiigobolondo. Iifudu kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezinobuthi kunye ne-salmonella azigulanga kwaye azikho iimpawu. Intaka zezilwanyana ezinjengeeperakeets kunye neparroti, iindonga ezifana ne-hamsters kunye ne-guinea pig, ama-amphibians afana namaxoxo kunye neengqungquthela, i-hedgehogs, izinja, iikati kunye namahashe zinokuba yimithombo.
Ngaphandle kokuchaphazela isilwanyana, unokuyithatha ibhaktheriya kwi-cage yayo, amanzi e-tank, iibhedi, ukutya, okanye amathoyizi.
Ukusingatha izilwanyana zasendle nazo zinokuhambisa iibhaktheriya. Ama-turtles amahhala ayenokucinga ukuba ayinobungozi obukhulu, kodwa ngoku uyaziwa ukuba iinqununu zasendle zingaphatha i-salmonella, okanye ziyakwazi ukuzenza xa uzenza isilwanyana. Ezinye izilwanyana onokuzibamba ziquka amaxoxo, amaqonga, iigundane, iilwane kunye neentaka.
Xha ga mshelana nabantu
Abantu abanesifo se-salmonella baya kukhupha iibhaktheriya emanzini abo. Labo abanesifo sohudo akufanele babuyele ekunakekeleni abantwana, isikolo, okanye umsebenzi kude kubekho iiyure ezingama-24.
Ukuba baphatha ukutya njengenxalenye yomsebenzi wabo, akufanele babuyele emsebenzini kuze kube ngu-48 iiyure zidlule ngaphandle kwempawu. Kwezinye iindawo, abaphathi bokutya abakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini baze bavavanywe ukuba bakhululekile kwiibhaktheriya. Nangona emva kokuba beva kakuhle kwakhona, abanye abantu bayaqhubeka bephethe ibhaktheriya baze bachithe. Basenokungcolisa indawo kunye nokusabalalisa iintsholongwane xa bengasayi kuhlamba kakuhle emva kokusebenzisa indlu yokuhlambela.
Amaqela Eengozi
Inani elincinci leebhaktheriya lingaze livelise intsholongwane ka-salmonella. Nangona kunjalo, iintsana, abantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-5 ubudala, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, kunye nalabo abanamasosha omzimba athathaka kakhulu banokufumana intsholongwane ka-salmonella emva kokungena. Iimeko kunye nemithi eyanciphisa intsholongwane kwisifo se-salmonella iquka i-AIDS, isifo se-sickle cell, i-malaria, i-corticosteroids, kunye neyeza zokuchaswa.
Abantu abathatha i-antacids basengozini enkulu njengoko amabhaktheriya athile angaphilile ukuze afike emanzini. Abo banezifo zesifo sokugulisa basengozini ngenxa yomonakalo owenziwe ngamathumbu emathumbu. Unokuba usengozini ephezulu emva kokuba uthathe i-antibiotiki njengobungane begciwane lama-bacteria abulawe, eshiya indawo leyo ivulele i-salmonella.
Izinto zokuPhila kweengozi
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezandisa ingozi yokuthengisa okanye ukusabalalisa i-salmonella. Nazi iindlela kunye nezenzo zokuphepha:
- Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlamba izandla emva kokusebenzisa indlu yokuphumla, ukudibanisa okanye ukunyamekela umntu ogulayo
- Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlamba izandla ngaphambi nangemva kokulungiselela ukutya kwaye emva kokuphatha inyama eluhlaza okanye amaqanda
- Ukuphatha okanye ukusika inyama eluhlaza okanye amaqanda uze usebenzise i-knife, ibhodi yokusika, isitya, okanye ezinye izinto zokutya ezinye izinto ezifana nezityalo okanye iziqhamo
- Ukusebenzisa inyama engcolileyo okanye inyama eluhlaza, amaqanda, okanye iimveliso zobisi ezingahlambulukanga
- Musa ukuhlamba izithelo kunye nemifuno ngaphambi kokutya
Izilwanyana zezilwanyana zezilwanyana eziPilphians, Izilwanyana eziPhulayo, kunye neeKhola eziKhulayo
Ama-Amphibians, amaqabunga, kunye neenkukhu eziphilayo ziphethe ingozi enkulu njengezilwanyana ezifuywayo. Ezi ziquka ii-turtles, lizards, ama-frogs, kunye neenkukhu. Ezi zilwanyana akufanele zigcinwe kwikhaya apho kukho abantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-5, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, okanye abantu abaneengxaki ze-immune system. Ezi zifuywayo akufanele zigcinwe kumaziko asebenzayo kumaqela eminyaka, njengokhathalelo lwemini, izibhedlele, amaziko aphezulu okanye amaziko anesiko. Abantu abakwiqela elijongene nobungozi akufanele bathathe ezi zilwanyana, kwaye kufuneka baphephe amanzi aphethwe yizilwanyana.
Bonke abantwana kunye nabantu abadala kufuneka baphephe ukutya okanye ukusela malunga neepilesi kweli qela. Kufuneka ungadli okanye ungaphuze kwigumbi apho ipakishe yecala okanye i-aquarium ikhona okanye apho ifuyo livumelekile ukuba lihambe.
Zonke izilwanyana
Ezi ziphatha zandisa ingozi yokufumana i-salmonella evela kwilwanyana:
- Ukuvumela izilwanyana kwiindawo apho ukutya kunye neziphuzo zilungiselelwa, zidliwe okanye zigcinwe
- Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlamba izandla emva kokuphatha okanye ukuthinta isilwanyana, ngakumbi ngaphambi kokulungiselela okanye ukutya ukutya
- Ukulahla amanzi okucoca kwindawo yokuhlala kwilwanyana kwisilwanyana esetyenziselwa ukulungiselela ukutya
- Ukuvumela abantu abasengozini enkulu yokwenza i-salmonella ukucoca indawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana, ngokukodwa ngaphandle kokugqoka iiglavu ezilahlayo
- Ukusebenzisa umquba wezilwanyana ezingenakunqanda ukutshayela izitiya okanye imibhede yeentyatyambo
> Imithombo:
> Salmonella. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/
> I-Salmonella Infection. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/salmonella.html.
> I-Salmonella Infection. Clinical Mayo. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/symptoms-causes/syc-20355329.
> Imibuzo neempendulo zeSalmonella. USDA ukhuseleko lokutya kunye neNkonzo yokuHlola. https: //www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food--fusion-education/get-answers/foodfood-safety-fact-sheets/foodfood-inness-and-disease/salmonella-tionstions- nezimpendulo.