Abantu abafumana ukukhubazeka kokufunda okungekho amazwi (NVLD) balwa nobunzima bezentlalo nezentlalo. Ukumisa okubalulekileyo kubantu abafumana i-NVLD kukuba banokuba nobuchule bokuthetha ngomlomo , njengokuthetha nokukwazi ukuhlaziya ukufunda.
Kunoko, abantu abafumana i-NVLD banokuba nobunzima kwiindawo ezininzi ezingahambelani nokukwazi ukuthetha.
Uphando oluvela e-Columbia University lubonisa ukuba i-NVLD ihluke kwezinye izifo ngenxa yokuba i-NVLD isekelwe ekuqhutyelweni kwendawo-indlela ubuchopho buqhuba ngayo ubukhulu, ukuma kunye nendawo yezinto.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba kukho ubunzima bokucubungula indawo okwenza i-NVLD ihlukane. Nangona ukukhubazeka kokufunda okungekho ngomlomo kungakhokelela umntu ofunda nje ngolu daba ukuba acinge ngamagumbi okukhubazeka ngokusingqongqo kobuchule bokuthetha, ngokwenene kusekelwe ekubeni nolwazi oluqhelekileyo oluneengxaki ezisemgangathweni.
Ukuchaza ukukhubazeka okungafundanga
Nangona i-NVLD yokuqala yabonakala kwincwadi yophando kwiminyaka yama-1960, abaphandi basebenzela ekuphuhliseni impawu zeempawu kunye neenkcazo ze-NVLD. Oku akuthethi ukuba i-NVLD intsha okanye ivela ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kunokuba abaphandi kunye nabanye abaqeqeshiweyo abasebenzisana nabantu abanokukhubazeka kokufunda basaqhuba uphando kwaye bahlaziya oko kwaziwa malunga ne-NVLD, ngenjongo yokuchaza oko kwenza ukuba le ngxaki ibe yodwa ezivela kwezinye izifo, kwaye zichonga abo bangenza ukuvavanya.
Esinye isizathu sokuba abaphandi basebenzele ukucacisa okufanayo kunye neenkqubo ze-NVLD kukuba oko kuya kuba yinyathelo eliphambili kwi-disorder echazwe kwiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities (DSM). Xa sele kubalwe, abantu abafumana i-NVLD babe nofikelelo olubanzi lokuxhasa kunye nokuncedisa ukuphazamiseka kubaboneleli benkonzo njengabasebenzi bezonyango.
Abazali bezingane abaneNVLD banokufumana lula ukufikelela kwiimfuno ezizodwa zemfuno esikolweni.
Kubonakala ngathi i-NVLD ngoku sele isondele kakhulu ekubeni nayo yamkele incazelo. NgoMeyi ka-2017, abaphandi abaningana badibene kunye badala inkcazo ecetywayo yokufaka i-NVLD kwi-DSM.
Oku kuluhlu lweempawu ze-NVLD kunye neempawu ezenziwe ngokususelwa kuphando olukhoyo kunye nencazelo echaziweyo ye-DSM exhaswe ngumphandi ophambili uPrudence Fisher, PhD, wase-Columbia University.
Iimpawu eziPhambili zeNVLD
- Abantu abaneNVLD banezakhono ezifanelekileyo zokuthetha . Zinegama elifanelekileyo okanye elihle. Basenokukwazi ukukhumbuza uluhlu lwamaxesha amade, kodwa kunzima ukuqonda oko kuthetha ukuthini. Basenokukwazi ukufunda amagama ebali, kodwa banenkathazo yokuchonga intsingiselo ebanzi kunye namaphuzu aphambili.
- Basenokuba neengxaki rhoqo kwiinkqubo zendawo yokubonakalayo. Oku kubandakanya ubunzima ngokuma, ubukhulu okanye indawo okanye ulawulo lwezinto. Oku kungenza kube nzima ukuhlanganisa iipuzzle okanye ukuzalisa izandla kwiiprojekthi zokwakha.
- Ngaba kunzima ukugqiba apho izinto zingqongileyo ngokubhekiselele kubo. Oku kubandakanya ukungazi kakuhle ngokomzimba, okungabonakalisa njengenqabunga njengoko umntu enzima ukuluqhelanisa umzimba wabo kwiindawo ezikuzo. Kungakhokelela ekuboneni ukuba kungabikho ukusebenzisana kwentlalo engafanelekanga, njengokuma ngokufutshane okanye kude kakhulu nomntu.
- Izikhokelo ezilandelayo zilandelayo, kunye nokukhumbula ubudlelwane bendawo . Iingxaki zentsebenziswano zendawo zenza kube nzima ukwenza iinkcazo xa zihamba okanye zichonga apho zibhekiselele kwindawo yazo.
Ezinye iziganeko eziqhelekileyo enokuzifumana
- Ubunzima bezithuthi: Abantwana abane-NVLD bangalwa nokunyanzelana ngezandla, ezifana nokubhala ngesandla , ukusebenzisa izikrini, okanye ukubopha izicathulo.
- Iingxaki zokusebenza eziphezulu : Abantu abafumana i-NVLD banokuba neengxaki zokugcina ingqalelo kunye nokugxininisa, ngokulandela iiseti ezide zomyalelo, ukuhlala emsebenzini, okanye ukuhlela izinto zabo. Uphando alucaci ngeli xesha ukuba le micimbi ivela kwimicimbi yokucubungula indawo, okanye imiba ehlukeneyo edlalwa kunye neNVLD.
- Ukuqatshelwa kweentlalo okanye iingxaki zokunxibelelana: Iinkathazo ngokucwangcisa umongo, isilathisi kunye nobukhulu kwenza kube nzima ukuqonda utshintsho oluluncedo ngolwimi lomzimba kunye nokunye ukuthetha okungabonakaliyo.
- Ubunzima bokusebenza kwentlalo: Abantu abaneNVLD banako ukuvakalelwa abanye, kodwa bahlala bebunzima ukuqonda amahlaya okanye ukunxibelelana okungabonakaliyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo bathabatha yonke into ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ulwahlulo lwezifundo: Imicimbi yokuqatshelwa kwendawo yenza kube nzima kubabo abane-NVLD ukuba baqaphele iipateni, bachaze umahluko phakathi kwezinto ezifunekayo, okanye ukujonga ngolu hlobo kunye nezikhokelo zeengxaki zamatriki. Ngenxa yokuba izakhono zetetho zilungile, iinjongo zokufunda azikwazi ukuhlahlela kude kube ngamabanga omva, xa ukufunda ukuqonda kukugxininiswa kunokuba uhlaziye amagama. Amandla omlomo anokugcina umntwana kunye ne-NVLD ekubeni neengxaki zabo zibonakala zide zide zize zifike kwibakala okanye emva koko.
- Imiba ngokusebenza kunye nokuzinyamekela: Iingxaki ngezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi zingenza kube nzima ukutshintsha iimpahla. Ikwabangela kwakhona ukulibazisa uqeqesho lwangasese.
Izinyathelo Zokuqala Ukuba Ucinga Ukuba Umntwana Wakho Unako Ukuba NVLD
Qala ngokuthetha nomboneleli wezonyango. Nangona i-NVLD ayifumanekanga ukuxilongwa ngokugcweleyo ngeli xesha, kusekufanelekile ukuxoxa ngumboneleli womntwana wakho. Unokuthetha nomboneleli wakho ukuba ubone ukuba ngaba kukho isifo sezonyango ozibonayo, kunokuba ukhubaze ukufunda. Unokuthetha kunye nomboneleli wakho ukulawula izimo ezinempawu ezifanayo, ezifana neengxaki ze-autism, i- dyscalculia , okanye i-ADHD.
Abazali abaninzi bafumana abantwana babo ngeNVLD badinga uncedo oluthile lokufunda izakhono zentlalo. Oku kunokwandisa amathuba omhlobo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzithemba.
Abantwana abaninzi abaneNVLD nabo banokuxhalabisa okanye ukuxinezeleka. Oku kungaba ngumphumo weengxaki ezibangelwa ukuzama ukuhamba ngelizwe labo ngeNVLD. Ukufunda iindlela zokunciphisa ukukhungatheka, ukuphumula kunye nokwamkela iitalente zabo ezintle kunokunceda.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Nangona i-NVLD ingeyiyo ixilongo, iyakwazi ukufumana iindlela zokunceda umntwana wakho aphucule kwaye anqobe imimandla apho aya kulwela khona. Ngokuqonda umntwana wakho oyingqayizivele, uya kuba nako ukukunceda ukukhuthaza amandla abo nokubancedisa kwiinkalo ezinzima. Qhubeka ufunda kwaye ukhuthaze umntwana wakho. Funda kwaye ufunde kabanzi malunga ne-NVLD kunye neengxaki ezifanayo ukufumana izicwangciso ongazisebenzisa ekhaya nakwi-school nomntwana wakho.
> Imithombo:
> "I-Diagnosis entsha kwi-DSM?" I- Psychology namhlanje , abapapashi bakwaSussex, 28 Agasti 2017, www.psychologytoday.com/blog/beyond-disability/201708/new-diagnosis-them.
> Mammarella, IC, kunye neCololdi C. "Uhlalutyo lweendlela ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga abantwana abane-Disability Learning Learning (NLD)." I- Neuropsychology Child , vol. 20, akukho. 3, 24 Meyi 2013, iphe. 255-280.
> "Ukukhubazeka kokuFunda kweNtal ." Iprojekthi yeNVLD - Uphando lwezemali kunye nemfundo - nvld.Org, Iprojekthi yeNVLD, nvld.org/non-verbal-arning-disabilities/.
> Volden, J. "Ukukhubazeka kokufunda okungabonakaliyo." Incwadi ye-Clinical neurology I-Neurology I-Neurology Ingxenye I , 2013, iphe. 245-249., I-doi: 10.1016 / b978-0-444-52891-9.00026-9.