Ngasekupheleni kuka-2015, iindaba zokungcoliswa kwamanzi okuphambili kumanzi kaFlint, eMichigan zabangela izikolo kulo lonke uhlanga ukuba zibuze ukuba izakhiwo zabo zingaba neendawo ezinokuhlambulula amanzi. Izikolo eziliqela kulo lonke uhlanga lwaqala ukuvavanya amanzi abo, ezinye izikolo zifumanisa amanqanaba aphakamileyo aphezulu kwizikolo zazo.
Njengomzali, unokuzibuza ukuba isikolo sakho somntwana sisandul 'uvavanyo lwamanzi.
Mhlawumbi ufumene ileta evela esikolweni sakho somntwana ekutsheleni ukuba baceba ukuvavanya iikholeji ngexesha lesithuba esikolweni esizayo. Usenokuba ufumene ileta evela esikolweni sakho somntwana ekutsheleni ukuba ezinye zeendawo zokuphuza ziphakanyisiweyo.
Nangona ukukhokelela kwamanzi esikolweni kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yoluntu, kubalulekile ukugcina impembelelo kumntwana wakho ngombono. Abantwana bangadla amanzi esikolweni, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba isikolo, ingakumbi ipompo enye ngaphakathi kwesikolo, ngumthombo wamanzi oyintloko wamanzi. Abantwana baphinda baphuze amanzi ekhaya, kwaye bahlala bephethe ibhodlela amanzi, ubisi okanye iJusi ebenziwayo kunye nezidlo zabo.
Nazi iimpendulo zemibuzo onokuyenza malunga nokukhokela kwamanzi esikolweni.
Inkokheli Yifumana Njani Iinkonzo Zamanzi Ezikolo?
Ukukhokela emanzini okusela ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela kwimibhobho yamandulo, edibeneyo eyenziwe nge-alloy ephethe i-lead okanye edibene nekhokelo equkethe i-solder.
Izikolo kunye nemibhobho eyenziwe phambi kuka-1986 kunokwenzeka ukuba ibe nombhobho okhokelayo okanye i-solder, nangona izakhiwo ezitsha zisenokuba zikhokelela.
Inkokheli yinto eyenzeka ngokwemvelo, kwaye ayifumaneki ngokukhawuleza emanzini angaphantsi komhlaba. Izibonelelo zonyango zoluntu ziya kushenxisa eli khokelo phambi kokufika kwamapolisi esikolweni.
Ezinye izikolo zasemaphandleni zifumana amanzi ngokuthe ngqo kumthombo womhlaba.
Njengoko iipayipi, i-solder, okanye i-fixtures corrode, ukhokelo luya kungena emanzini. Ukubola kuyenzeka ngokukhawuleza xa amanzi enamandla okanye anexabiso elincinci leemaminerali. Ukushisa kunokwandisa izinga apho i-leaching yenzeka khona, okwenza iipayipi zamanzi ezitshisayo kunye neephampu zingase zihlambuluke.
Ngenxa yokuba ukutshabalalisa yinkqubo epholileyo eyenzeka kwiminyaka emininzi, kuye kwaba lula kubalawuli belizwe kunye namagosa esikolweni ukungawunaki ukuhlolwa kwamanzi esikolweni.
Kutheni i-Focus Focus kwiNkokeli yamanzi esikolweni kunokuba ikhokele kwizindlu?
Izikolo apho abantwana bethu abaselula bachitha ixesha labo, basele amanzi xa bekhona. Inkokeli inokwakha kwinkqubo yomntu ngaphezu kobomi babo, ngoko ukugqithisa ngakumbi ebuntwaneni kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezininzi emva koko.
Ukwahlukana ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi esikolweni nako kunokwandisa imali ekhokelayo kumanzi. Amaxesha ahlala asebenzisa amanzi awo rhoqo. Imindeni isebenzisa amanzi awo imihla ngemihla, kwiindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ngosuku. Izakhiwo zesikolo zihlala zingasetyenziswanga iintsuku okanye iiveki ngexesha. Amanzi ahleliyo kuloo mibhobho inexesha lokuthabatha ininzi ekhokelayo kuneemibhobho zendlu, apho amanzi aqhutywa khona rhoqo.
Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakhokela kwiNkcazo yamanzi eSikolweni?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeempawu ezibangelwa kukutyhefu. Akukho nxalenye yokukhokela emzimbeni obonwa ukhuselekile. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba umntu unayo nayiphi na inkokeli yokukhokela kwinkqubo yabo, kungenzeka ukuba impilo yabo ichaphazelekayo.
Abantwana abaphakanyisiweyo amazinga angabikho mpawu. Inkokheli isenokuchaphazela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ukutyhefuza inetyhefu kunokubangela nayiphi na okanye zonke ezi zilandelayo kubantwana:
- Imiba ephathekayo njengento yokukhwabanisa, ukunciphisa ixesha elifutshane, ukunyanzeliswa, kunye nokucaphuka
- Ukukhathala, ukukhathala, neengxaki zokulala
- Imiba yokugaya ifana nesondlo esibi, ukulahleka kwesisindo, intlungu yesisu
Awudingi ukukhawuleza ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye zeempawu. Iimpawu ezibhalwe apha ngasentla zikwabelwana nezinye izifo ezininzi kunye nezifo eziqhelekileyo. Ubanda obuqhelekileyo kunokubangela ukhathala, ukukhathala kunye neengxaki zokulala. Umkhuhlane wesisu ungabangela ukunyuka kwesisu kunye nesisu esiswini. Kuphela ngohambo olukhokelayo olukhokelela ekungeneni umzimba.
Ngubani ojongene neeNqanaba zeNkokeli zamanzi eziKolweni?
I-federal agency ejongene nomgangatho wamanzi yi-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo (i-EPA). Amazwe ahlukeneyo anokuba ne-arhente yokulawula i-state elawula umgangatho wamanzi. Umgangatho wamanzi karhulumente udlala phantsi kwe-ofisi yendalo okanye yemvelo.
Nangona i-EPA ibhale izikhokelo malunga nokubeka iliso kwiinkqubo zoluntu kunye nezikolo zasemanzini, oorhulumente benarha bagqiba indlela yokubeka iliso amanzi kumfele. Ngokomxholo weendaba we-Meyi 10, 2016 we-Associated Press, akukho mpela uhulumeni ufuna ukuba izikolo zihlolwe ukuba zikhokele phambili.
Nangona ezinye izithili zase-US zihlolisisa rhoqo ukukhokela, abaninzi banakho. Ukususela kwimicimbi yamanzi yaseMichigan ngasekupheleni kwe-2015, igalelo labezindaba liye lagqithiswa, izithili ezininzi zezikolo zenze isigqibo sokuqalisa uvavanyo lwenkokeli.
Ndingafumanaphi na ukuba iSikole sam Umntwana siye savavanywa?
Izikolo ezininzi ziye zagqiba ekubeni zivavanye amanzi azo ngeendaba zeMigint, eMicinical issues. Unokubukela ukuhlaziywa kwamaphephancwadi eendaba okanye ezinye izikolo zonxibelelwano ukuze ubone ukuba isikolo sakho somntwana siceba ukuvavanya kwikamva. I-EPA inomxholo ocebisa izikolo ukuba zenzeke ngokucacileyo xa zivavanywa ngamanzi okukhokela.
Ukuba ufumana ileta evela esikolweni sakho somntwana ekutsheleni iimvavanyo zamanzi ezizayo, akufanele ucinge ukuba kukho na isizathu esithile sokuba bavavanye ngaphandle kokuba kube yinkomfa yakutshanje kumaphephandaba.
Ukuba awufumani nantoni na malunga nokuhlolwa kwamanzi esikolweni ekukhokeleleni, ukukhangela kwiwebhusayithi yesithili sakho yesithili yindawo enhle ukuqala lwakho uphando. Ukuba ungathanda ukusebenzisa injini yokukhangela njengeGoogle ukufumana ulwazi ngokukhawuleza, apha ziphakanyisiwe amagama ophando: uvavanyo lokhokelo,
Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana nayiphi na inkcazelo kwiibhalana zesikolo okanye kwiwebhusayithi yesikolo, qwa lasela ngokuzibuza abasebenzi bakho besikolo ukuba isikolo sele sisandul 'amanzi. Ukuba isikolo asizange sivavanywe ngamanzi, unokuphefumlela isikolo ukuba ukhangele uvavanyo. Kukho izibonelelo zokunceda izikolo zifumane inkxaso-mali okanye inkxaso kwi-EPA-eqinisekisiweyo lwamanzi vavanyo olufumaneka kwiwebhu, njengaleluhlu lweenkxaso-mali ezibonelelwe yi-EPA.
Kuthiwani ukuba iSikolo samanzi siye saphakamisa amanqanaba eNkokeli?
Ukuba isikolo sakho sifumanisa ukuba nayiphi na umthombo wamanzi ovivinywe uye waphakama ophezulu kunomda onokuthinteka owenziwe yi-EPA, isikolo sakho siya kuthatha amanyathelo ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ukukhokela emanzini. Amanyathelo athile esikolo siya kuxhomekeka kumacwecwe athile esikolweni kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwabafundi.
Ngethuba elifutshane, isikolo sinokugqiba isigqibo sokuvala ezinye iimithombo zamanzi okanye iimfumba ukuba zikholelwa nje kuphela imithombo okanye iifauthi ezikhohlakeleyo. Ukuba kukho inxalenye enkulu yezikolo zokupaka okanye ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kuthathwa ukuba ngumthombo, isikolo sinokuthatha amanyathelo afana nokubonelela ngamanzi okusela okubhodlela kubafundi.
Iisombululo zangexesha elide zingabandakanya ukutshintshwa kwemibhobho kunye nezixhobo ezikhokelayo. Oku kunokuba kubi kakhulu kwizikolo ezinokuthi zinciphise imali yokulungisa izakhiwo.
Isikolo sabantwana bam siphakanyise amaNqanaba oNkokeli, Ndingayifumana njani ukuba iMpilo yaBantwana bam ifuthe?
Xoxa malunga naluphi na uxhalabisayo onalo malunga nokukhutshwa komntwana wakho okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi nomntwana wengane yakho. Ugqirha wakho unokufumana ukuba yiziphi iimvavanyo zokunika ukuba umntwana wakho ukhokele emzimbeni wazo.
Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyenwe ukuba aphakanyise amazinga okukhokela emzimbeni wabo, ugqirha wengane yakho uya kukuxelela ukuba unokwenza ntoni ukuze unciphise inqanaba lokukhokela. Oku kuya kunciphisa okanye kuthintele umntwana wakho ukuba angaboni naziphi na iingxaki ezivela ekukholeni emzimbeni wazo.
Nangona iindaba zokukhokela kwamanzi esikolweni zinokumangalisa umzali, kungenjongo yokuba bonke abantwana abaphuma kumkhokelo wamanzi esikolweni baye bafumana ingqwalasela yesizwe. Izikolo ezininzi ngoku zijonge ukukhokela emanzini, ukufumana iingcingo zeengxaki kunye nokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza nokukhusela ukukhutshwa kwabantwana.
> Imithombo:
"Khokela." Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. Amaziko okuLawula nokuLawula izifo, 07 Sept. 2016.Webhu.
"Ukukhokelela Ukutyhefuza: Iimpawu kunye neMpawu." LezeMpilo. Oregon Health Authority, iWeb.
" Izikolo zokuvavanya kunye namaziko okuNakekela abantwana kwiNkokeli eManzini okuNwa ." EPA. I-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo, ngomhla we-09 uNksyi 2015.