Ukufumana umgangatho kunye nokunyamekelwa kwabantwana abanokuhlawulela umzabalazo kubazali abaninzi abasebenzayo njengoko izindleko zokunakekela abantwana zanda kakhulu kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo. Ngokwe-Child Care Aware yaseMelika, ukunakekelwa kwabantwana "akunakulungelelaniswa" kumazwe angama-49, ngokugqithiseleyo kudlula iindleko zemfundo yeekholeji, indlu, ukuthutha, okanye ukutya.
Ukungabikho kokunakekelwa kwabantwana abanokwethenjelwa, kunokunyusa iintsapho ezininzi ukuba zikhethe imithombo engaphelelanga emgangathweni yokunyamekela kumaziko okunyamekela iintsuku okanye idale iintsapho ukuba zikhethe ukuhlala kwimali engenayo.
Zombini izigqibo zinokuba nemiphumo emibi kwimpilo kunye nenhlalakahle yeentsapho zaseMerika.
Ngo-2017, iindleko eziqhelekileyo zokunakekelwa kwexesha elizeleyo e-United States zaziyi-$ 9,589 ngemali, eyi-18 ekhulwini yemali engenayo yemindeni kunye neyesithathu kwiholo lomntu ofumana umvuzo omncinci. Ukunyamekelwa kwekhaya kuya kwiindleko ezinkulu. Iindleko eziqhelekileyo zexesha elizeleyo lokunyamekela ekhaya okanye i-nanny yi-$ 28,353 ngonyaka.
Ngomlinganiselo wokunakekelwa kwabantwana ukuxabisa kakhulu ngeekholeji ezithile, abazali basala bengenakukhetha. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba ukunakekelwa kwezingane eziphezulu kuhambelana nophuhliso lobuchopho kwaye ngaphandle kwalokhu, abantwana banokuhlupheka. Ngaphezu koko, abazali abawenza isigqibo sokuba bayeke ukusebenza ngenxa yokuba abanako ukunyamekela abantwana kubathintela abasebenzi kunye nokufumana ithuba lokufumana ithuba lokuphila.
Ukutshintshwa kweNtlalontle
Ngethuba likaMonald Trump lika-2016 umkhankaso woMongameli, isicwangciso sakhe sokuphucula indleko yokunakekelwa kwabantwana kwakubonakala si thembisa kwaye sinceda kubazali abaninzi baseMerika.
Iingongoma zakhe eziphambili zibandakanya:
- Ukubhala kwakhona ikhowudi yentlawulo ukuvumela abazali abasebenzayo ukuba bathathe iindleko zokunakekelwa kwabantwana kwiirhafu zabo zentlawulo kubantwana abane nabaxhomekeke kumdala.
- Ukuvumela abazali ukuba babhalise kwi-akhawunti yokulondolozwa kwengxowa-mali yabantwana babo okanye abakhulileyo.
- Ukubonelela ngezindlu ezinomvuzo ophantsi kweNkxaso-mboleko yeNgeniso yeNgeniso eyongezelelweyo ngefom yokufumana isaphulelo sokunakekelwa kwabantwana kunye negalelo elifanayo le-500 500 kwi-akhawunti yabo yokulondoloza.
- Ukudala izibonelelo kubaqeshi ukubonelela ngononophelo lwezingane kwindawo yokusebenzela.
- Ukubonelela ngeeveki ezingama-6 zekhefu elihlawulwayo koomama abatsha ngaphambi kokuba babuyele emsebenzini.
Kwakhona kwaxelwa ukuba intombi kaMongameli uDonald Trump, u-Ivanka, wadibana nokuwa kwamalungu eCongress ukuxoxa ngemithetho yokunakekela abantwana.
IRhafu yoNyango lwaBantwana
Ngaphantsi kwesiphakamiso seTrump, iikhredithi zakho zerhafu zonyango zixhomekeke kwiimeko ezihlala kuzo. Izikripthi zerhafu zokunakekelwa kwengane zifumaneka kuma-26 athi, kuquka iWashington DC, ngokubhekiselele kwiSizwe soMthetho wamaZwe kaZwelonke. Iikhredithi zokunakekelwa kwabantwana ezibuyiselwayo zifumaneka kuma-12. Amazwe anganikeli ngetyala lokunakekelwa kwengxowa yabantwana yi-Alabama, i-Illinois, ne-New Jersey.
Ngo-2017, umyinge wokufumana umrhumo wefesti kulabo abafakela ngetyala lentlawulo yabantwana i-$ 55,000 kwizibini ezitshatileyo ezifakela ngokwahlukileyo; I-$ 75,000 kubantu ngabanye, kunye ne-110,000 zamawaka ezibini ezitshatileyo zifakela kunye. Isicwangciso seTrond, sandisa umyinge wemali engama- $ 250,000 kubantu ngabanye kunye ne-$ 500,000 kwizibini ezitshatileyo.
Abazali baya kuba nethuba lokunyusela iindleko zokunakekelwa kwabantwana kwiibhili zerhafu, nto leyo inyathelo elifanelekileyo. I-Trump iphinde icetywe ukuncitshiswa kwe-$ 5,000 ukunyamekelwa kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-13 ubudala.
Imindeni efumana ngaphezulu kwama-250,000 ngamawaka ayizuzi kule nkqubo. Iintsapho nazo zingaqalisa iAkhawunti yokuThengiswa kweMpilo yoLondolozo, egalela ukuya kwisixa esiphezulu semali eyi-2,000. I-Trump icebisa ukunceda iintsapho ezifumana imali engaphantsi ngokubonelela ngamaphesenti ama-50 ukuya kuma-$ 1,000 ngonyaka.
Ikhefu leMaternity Leave Payment
Enye ingxaki ebalulekileyo kubazali ihlawulwa intsapho. Umthetho wezeMpilo kunye noTywala lweMpilo uvumela abantu abangabhawulwa ikhefu ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana okanye ukuthotyelwa, okanye ukuze banakekele wena okanye usapho xa ugulo luhlasela, nangona kunjalo, akukho mgaqo-nkqubo wokushiya okhokhelwayo.
Amazwe azama izicwangciso zabo zokubonelela ikhefu elihlawulwayo. I-California idale inkqubo ngo-2004 kunye neNew Jersey, iRhode Island, eNew York, neSithili sase-Columbia baye badala ikhefu elihlawulwayo. Uphando malunga neenkqubo zephondo ezikhoyo zifumene ukuba abazali banakho ukubuyela emsebenzini emva kokuzalwa komntwana xa befikelela kwikhefu elihlawulwa ngexesha lokuzalwa. Izifundo zafumanisa ukuba ikhefu elihlawulwa likhuthaza impilo kunye nenhlalakahle yomama nomntwana.
Kwisiphakamiso sokunakekelwa kwengane, uTrump yanikezela isicwangciso esasiza kwenza iiveki ezintandathu zekhefu lokubeletha eligunyazisiweyo. akazange akhulume ngenye yekhefu losapho okanye ikhefu . Isiphakamiso seTrump sininzi kunokuba abanye besetyhini abakwamkelayo okwangoku, kodwa iiveki ezintandathu zixesha elifutshane kakhulu xa ukhulisa umntwana.
Yintoni abazali abayenzayo xa kufuneka bafumane ukunakekelwa kwezingane emva kokuba iiveki ezintandathu ziphelile? Abazali abenza imali eyaneleyo ukuze bazuze kwikhefu zentela (iintsapho ezitshatileyo ezifumana i-$ 62,400 okanye i-$ 31,200 kwiintsapho ezingabodwa zentsapho), zingafumana isaphulelo sokunakekelwa kwabantwana phantsi kweNgeniso yeMali yeNgeniso yeNgeniso.
Iziphakamiso ezininzi zeTumpu azincedisi ngokwaneleyo iintsapho ezinomvuzo ophantsi. Imfuno iphindwe kabini: iintsapho zifuna ukunciphisa iindleko zokunakekelwa kwabantwana, kodwa zifuna kwakhona ukhetho lokunakekelwa kwabantwana ukwenzela ukuba abazali bangene kwakhona abasebenzi ngokuzithemba. Oku kuya kukwandisa amanqanaba omsebenzi weMelika, okubalulekile kumaRiphabhlikhi.
Enye into ebalulekileyo evela kwingxoxo yokunakekela abantwana kukuba amaMerika ayaqaphela ukubaluleka kophuhliso lwabantwana abaselula. Phantse i-quarters yabaphendulayo ngo-2016 i-poll ezalwe ukuzalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezintlanu njengexesha elibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni amandla omntwana okufunda. Iipesenti ezingama-82 zamaRiphabhlikhi, ama-86 ekhulwini abazimeleyo kunye nama-98 ekhulwini kumaDemokhrasi athi "ukwenza imfundo yokuqala kunye nokunyamekelwa kwabantwana kubafundi abasebenzayo ukunika abantwana isiqalo esinamandla" kubalulekile ekuphumeleleni kwelizwe lethu.
Ukukhathazeka kwabazali
Icandelo lomthetho ohlongozwayo kaTrump kubonakala lihle kwaye linethemba. NguMongameli weRiphablikhi wokuqala ukuthetha ngekhefu elihlawulwayo, kodwa ngokuzisa ikhefu kubafazi abodwa kuphela, abanye banomuvo wokuba uqinisa ukunyanzeliswa kwesini. Akayekanga ukuba ngabazali abamkeleyo okanye izibini zesini esifanayo kwisiphakamiso sakhe sekhefu.
Ezinye iinkxalabo zibandakanya ukunakekelwa kwabantwana kwiintsapho ezifumana imali engaphantsi kunye nendlela ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu kunceda ngayo. Ingxaki ngokuncitshiswa kukuba baya kuba yinzuzo yerhafu kwiintsapho ezifumana imali eninzi ngelixa benganikezeli uncedo kulawo mazalwane entsapho engenamvuzo ngenxa yokuba abanalo uxanduva lweerhafu. Okunye ukunyuswa kweNtlawulo yeMboleko yentlawulo yabantwana okanye i-Income Tax Income Credit kuya kunceda zonke iintsapho ezifanelekileyo kunye nabantwana, kwanabo abanomzali wokuhlala ekhaya kunye neendleko zokunakekela abantwana.
Le ngumbono onomdla kunye omtsha kumama omama wokuhlala ekhaya kwaye ubonisa ukuba uTumpump ubheka ukunakekelwa kwabantwana njengomsebenzi. Kodwa ukuba iintsapho ezifumana imali engaphantsi ziphoqeleke ukuba zibuyele emsebenzini ukuze zithole ezinye iinzuzo zikaRhulumente, ngoko ukuhlala ekhaya akunakukhetha. Ngoko, ngaba oku kunceda ngokwenene intsapho efumana imali engenako?
Ukwenza abantwana abanomgangatho ofanelekileyo bafikeleleke kubazali abaphakathi kunye nabangaphantsi-mali baya kubavumela ukuba bahlale bebasebenzi xa bebonelela abantwana babo isiseko esilungileyo, esiphephile nesisisigxina-into eyenziwa ngabantu baseMerika.