Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, "i-grit" iye yaba yi-buzzword ekuphuhlisweni kwabantwana kunye nemigangatho yemfundo. I-Grit kwengqondo ichazwa ngokuba "yindlela efanelekileyo, engacaciswanga ngokubhekiselele kumnqweno womntu othile wokufuna ixesha elide okanye ixesha lokuphela, kunye nefuthe elinamandla ukuphumeza injongo yazo."
Ukususela ngo-2005, u-Angela Duckworth, u-Ph.D.
, isazi sezengqondo kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania, uye wafunda i-grit nokuziphatha kwabafundi. Ujonge ngokukodwa abafundi abaye babonisa impumelelo yesikhathi eside kwimigudu yabo yokufunda nokuphila. Ufumene ukuba i-grit, ingeyi-intelligence okanye ukuphumelela kwezemfundo, yayingumcebisi othembekileyo wesiphumo esihle. Iintsana ezanqoba i-spelling bee zazingabalulekanga kunontanga; Basebenza nje nzima xa befunda amagama. Ufumene ukuba i-grit ibaluleke ngakumbi kumntwana ukuba afumane amandla akhe ngokupheleleyo kunengqondo, ubuchule, okanye namabakala.
Ngokungafani ne-IQ, echanekileyo, i-grit yinto yohlobo lomntu wonke onokukhula. Abanye abantwana ngokuqhelekileyo banomdla ngakumbi kunabanye, kodwa kuninzi enokukwenza ukuze ncedise umntwana wakho ukuba aphuhlise amandla kunye nokunyamezela ukumnceda aphumelele.
UPaul Tough, umbhali othi "Indlela Abantwana Abaphumelela ngayo," avumile ukuba ukuphuhlisa izakhono ezinjenge "grit, ukunyamezela, ukuzithiba, ukuzithemba, ukubulela, ukuqonda, intlalo kunye nolwazi" kubaluleke ngaphezu kwe-IQ.
Uxubusha uphando olubonisa ukuba ezi zinto zingakhuthazwa kubantwana ukuba zinamathele kubazali babo kwaye zikhuselekile ekuxinineni kwasekuqaleni ebomini babo.
Ngoko, unokwenza ntoni ukuze uncede umntwana wakho akhulise i-grit ngaphezulu?
Yenza Umntwana Wakho Afumane Ukunyuka
Uninzi lwabantwana abaselula abanalo "inzondo" kodwa njengoko abantwana bekhula, ukuphandelelwa umdla abanokuzikhethela kuzo kubakhuthaza ukuba bahlanganyele emsebenzini onzima nokunyamezela okuyimpumelelo.
Ukuba umzali ukhetha lo msebenzi, akukho nto inokwenzeka ukuba umntwana uya kuziva ukuba unxibelelwano kwaye akafuni ukusebenza nzima kunempumelelo.
Esinye seziganeko zabantu "abanobuchule" kukuba "bakhuthazwa ngokukhethekileyo ukuba bafune ulonwabo ngokubambisana ngokukodwa kunye nengqiqo yentsingiselo okanye injongo," ngoko ke ukuvumela umntwana ukuba afumane ukuthanda kwakhe okuyimfuneko kwixesha elide.
Beka abantwana kwizenzo kwiindawo zabo zokuThuthukiswa
Abazali bafanele bakhuthaze abantwana babo ukuba bazame kwaye baqhubeke nemisebenzi enokuba yinkinga okanye ukuxhalabisa. Ukukhuthaza abantwana ukuzama izinto ezintsha kubanika ithuba lokubonisa ukuba banokwenza nantoni na.
Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukuba sinobuhle okanye singekho kakuhle kwikhono, kuba sizalwa ngale ndlela. Ingxaki ngale nkolelo kukuba iholela abantwana abaninzi ukuba bayeke izinto ngokulula ukuba abaphumelelanga nangoko. UDuckworth ukhombisa ukuba unike umntanakho ithuba lokuphinda ubuncinane into enzima; umsebenzi ofuna ukuqeqeshwa ukuze usebenzise. Imisebenzi eyona nto ayinandaba nangomgudu kunye namava okufunda ahamba nayo.
Vumela Ingane Yakho Yenze Ukhungatheke
Abazali bayakuzonda ukubona abantwana babo behlula, kodwa ukuthatha ingozi kunye nobunzima kuyindlela ebalulekileyo yokufunda abantwana.
Xa umntwana wakho ejongene nobunzima, umsebenzi, okanye umdlalo onzima ukuwuqonda, umelana nomnqweno wokungena ngaphakathi kwaye "uyisindise" kwaye ungamvumeli ukuba ayeke kwisibonakaliso sokuqala. Naka ingqalelo kumanqanaba akho okuxhalabisa. Musa ukoyika iimvakalelo zomntwanini okanye ukukhathazeka; Yiyo ndlela abahlakulela ngayo amandla.
Ukuba umntwana wakho akakwazi ukuphumelela kwinto enzima, akanakuze ahlakulele ukuzithemba kwakhe ekujonganeni nemingeni. Ungavumeli ukuba umntwana wakho ayeke ngenxa yokuba unemihla embi. Ukuvumela umntwana wakho ukuba anike izinto ezibini ziphazamisayo zibafundisa ukuba ukulwa akuyona inxalenye yokusebenza kanzima kwaye xa beyeka, abayi kuze babone ukuba bukhulu bunjani xa besebenza nzima.
Ngoko, ngaba ufanele wenze abantwana bakho balandele kuyo yonke imisebenzi, nokuba nabo bahlambalaze bekhala? Ulungelelaniso kukugqiba yonke imisebenzi kude kube sekupheleni kwexesha okanye iseshoni. Ukuba umntwana wakho ukhetha ukungabhalina kwakhona, vumela oko. Yintoni ebalulekileyo kukuba baqhutywe ngenyameko yinto engokwemvelo kwinkqubo yokufunda into entsha.
Umzekelo wokuKhula kwengqondo
Ngomhla ka-2013 we-TED Talk, uDuckworth uthe indlela eyona nto yokunyusa i-grit kubantwana kukufundisa oko uCarol Dweck, uprofesa waseStanford kunye nombhali we-Mindset: I-Psychology entsha yeNtuthuko, ibiza "ukukhula kwengqondo."
UDweck ufumene ukuba abantu abaneengqondo "zokukhula" banamandla kwaye banamathele emzabalazweni kuba bakholelwa ukuba umsebenzi onzima uyinxalenye yenkqubo kwaye abakholelwa ukuba ukuhluleka kuyimeko engunaphakade. Ekukhuleni kwengqondo, abafundi bayaqonda ukuba iitalente zabo nezakhono zabo zingaphuhliswa ngokuzama, ukufundisa kakuhle, nokuphikelela. Okuchasene nengqondo yokukhula yintliziyo ehleliweyo. Abantwana abanengqondo engqalileyo bakholelwa ukuba banesibalo esithile sobuchopho kunye ne talente kwaye akukho nto ingatshintsha loo nto.
Ukukhula kwengqondo kubumba ngabantu abadala ngokusebenzisa ulwimi kunye nokuziphatha esimele sibonelele abantwana. Ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula kwengqondo, khumbula ukucinga kwakho kunye nemilayezo oyithumelayo kubantwana bakho ngamazwi nangezenzo zakho. Ukudumisa abantwana ukuba babe ngabahlakaniphileyo kubonisa ukuba italente yangasese iyona sizathu sokuphumelela, ngeli gxi ninxiba kwinkqubo ibancedisa ukuba iinjongo zabo zikhokelela ekuphumeleleni. Xa abazali bethetha ngokufanelekileyo malunga nokwenza amaphutha, abantwana baqala ukucinga ngeephoso njengenxalenye yendalo kwinkqubo yokufunda.
Qinisekisa ndawonye
Ukuba umntwana wakho unzima, enye yezinto ezilungileyo umzali angenako ukumnciphisa ukuba angashiyi kwindawo ephantsi. Kunoko, sebenzisa amava njengendlela yokufundisa ukuzimisela kunye nethuba lokuphumelela.
Ncedise ukuba acacise izicwangciso kwaye enze isicwangciso sezenzo azithathayo kunye nendlela aza kuqhuba ngayo, kodwa mvumele ukuba athathe ubunikazi isisombululo. Uhambo oluhle ngezinye iinkhathi luneemvakalelo ezingafaniyo, ezifana nokudideka, ukukhungatheka okanye ukuphazamiseka ngokupheleleyo engqondweni yakho. Xa abantwana beqonda ukuba ukufunda akufanele kube lula ngaso sonke ixesha kwaye ukuba nexesha elinzima kunye nekhono akuthethi ukuba ziyathayatha, yilapho ukuqina nokunyamezela kukhula.
Ufundisa ukuba ukusilela kulungile
Xoxa kunye nabantwana bakho rhoqo malunga nokusilela kwakho kunye nendlela oqhubeka ngayo okanye iindlela oye wazinceda ngayo. Abantwana bafundela kubantu abadala ababajikelezile, ngoko ke ukuba ufuna abantwana bakho bakwazi ukujongana neengxaki kunye nohlobo oluzolile nokuzimisela, kufuneka ufanise oku.
Ukuthetha nabantwana bakho malunga nokwehluleka kwakho kuya kubanceda baqonde ukuba kulungile ukungaphumeleli kwaye baya kubona indlela abantu abanokuyicombulula ngayo ingxaki kunye nokubuyisela emuva. Xoxa malunga neengxaki xa zivela. Nceda umntwana wakho akhe ezinye iiplani kwaye ucinge ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokujonga imeko. Batshengise ukuba ukuguquguquka nokukwazi ukuxazulula ingxaki ngumgangatho onobomi kunye okhulileyo.
Xoxa ngomzamo kwaye awuphumelelanga
Injongo yomsebenzi awufezekanga kwaye ukuba ungenelela rhoqo, umntwana wakho uya kuqonda ukuba awunamathemba ngamakhono abo. Bandakanya iingxoxo zentsapho malunga nokuzama izinto ezintsha uze ilungu ngalinye lentsapho lithethe ngezinto ezinzima kubo. Xoxa ngeenjongo zexesha elide kunye nexesha elifutshane kunye nendlela ofezekisa ngayo zombini. Vumela amalungu omndeni ukuba ahlanganyele ngokwasemthethweni imizabalazo yabo kunye nendlela abadlulileyo ngayo. Yabelana ngeengxaki ngemingeni kwaye ujonge xa amalungu omndeni ezama ukunyamezela kwimisebenzi enzima.
Yiba ngumzali onguGritty
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuba abantwana bafunde ukuba "grittier" kuvela ekubukeni abazali babo. Unako ukuxelela abantwana izinto ezininzi ofuna ukuba zenze kunye nendlela ofuna ukuba benze ngayo, kodwa isifundo sangempela sisendlela osebenza ngayo. Bonisa abantwana othabatha imisebenzi eyenziwa ngamanye amaxesha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ulwabala okanye uphumelele uze uhlawule. Ukuqiniswa koMzekelo kubantwana bakho kwaye ubonise ukuba ukungaphumeleli akusoyiki.
Lawula ukukhathazeka kwakho kwaye unqande ukulawula izenzo zakho zomntwana; kunoko baqeqeshe ngokwenza imisebenzi kunye nabo, kungekhona kubo. Qhubeka ukhuthaza umntwana wakho kwaye ufundise ukuzikhuthaza. Izwi lakho lomzali ekugqibeleni liba lizwi ekhanda labo ukuze bahlanganyele kwiintetho ezintle. Ukugxeka kuya kuphazamisa umntwana wakho ekufuneni ukuzama kwakhona.
Iingcamango Zokugqibela
Ukunika umntwana ithuba lokungaphumeleli kunye nokubuyiselwa emva kwesinye sezipho eziphambili ongayinika njengomzali. Vumela abantwana bakho ukuba balwe kwaye bazive bengakhululeki. Vumela ukuba baphumelele kwiimvakalelo zokudumala nokudideka kwaye bancede baqikelele amanyathelo alandelayo ukwenzela ukuba imeko ibe bhetele kwaye ivelise ngakumbi. Kungaphakathi kule nkqubo yokufunda abaya kuphucula ukunyamezela, ukuzinza, kunye nokunyaniseka, okuya kubakhokelela kwindlela yokuphumelela kwikamva labo.