Kutheni i-So-Called Brainness Brain Akuyona Yona Inkolelo Nje
Ukukhulelwa kubonisa ixesha lokutshintsha okuphawulekayo kumzimba wesifazane. Ukongeza kwiinguqu ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo, abafazi bahlala bebika ukuba ukuzisa ubomi obutsha kwihlabathi kubonakala nokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwingqondo. Ngethuba ukukhulelwa kwengqondo-okanye ukuvakalelwa, ukungaqondi, kunye nengqondo engamaxesha ahamba kunye nokukhulelwa-isishalazo esiqhelekileyo, kungekhona zonke iingcaphephe ezixhasa inkxaso yokuba abafazi banamava ekukhunjweni kwamakhono ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Olunye uphando olutshanje lubonisa ukuba ukukhulelwa kunempembelelo kwingqondo. Ngaba ukukhulelwa kwengqondo buyinyani? Kwaye kukho nayiphi na imiphumo engapheliyo yokukhulelwa kwengqondo?
Yintoni Ngokwenene "Ubungqina Bokukhulelwa?"
Ngesinye isikhathi ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umfazi unokufumanisa ukuba ufana nesithandwa sakhe esincinci esithile asizange sithintele umzimba wakhe kuphela kodwa nengqondo yakhe. Iimpawu ezilahlekileyo, ukuqeshwa okuliliweyo, kunye neengxowa eziphambeneyo zimbonakaliso ezimbalwa zeengqumbo zengqondo eziqhelekileyo.
Nangona kukho uphando oluninzi ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kwempilo yabasetyhini kunye nophuhliso lokubeletha, kuphela nje abaphandi baqala ukujonga iindlela zokuba nomntwana uthintela impilo yabasetyhini. Ukukhulelwa lixesha elichazwe ngenguqu enkulu emzimbeni, kubandakanywa ukutshintsha okukhulu kweemodemoni, kwaye kwiminyaka yamuva nje iingqondo zeengqondo ziye zazinomdla ekufundeni ngakumbi malunga nokuba ukukhulelwa kuthinta njani oomama, kokubili ngokomzimba nangengqondo.
Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba olu ngqondo luguqulela uncedo olwenza ukuba oomama abalindeleke bakwazi ukulungelelanisa ukunyamekela umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa, njengokuphucula amandla akhe okujamelana nokuxinzezeleka, nangona wenza ukuba aziphathe kakuhle neemfuno zakhe. Nangona "ukukhulelwa kwengqondo" kunokukhokelela ekubanjeni ukulibala, ukugxeka ukuba ezi zitshintsho zingakhokelela kubomama abanobuthathaka nabanomdla.
Nangona kunjalo, akukho zonke iinjongo ezibhekiselele kuzo naziphi na iintlukwano ezinkulu phakathi kwabafazi abakhulelweyo nabangaphangeliyo. Ngokomzekelo, uphando lwango-2014 lubhekisele kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kwi-trimester yabo yesithathu, abafazi ababesithuba seenyanga ezintathu emva kokubeleka, kunye nezilawuli ezingakhulelanga. Nangona bobabini abasetyhini nabasemva bebalisa iingxaki eziphezulu ezizimeleyo zeememori, iziphumo zesifundo zafumanisa ukuba akukho mmahluko phakathi kolawulo kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo / abahamba emva kweendlela ezinxulumene nememori, ingqwalasela kunye nokusebenza okusebenzayo.
Utshintsho kwiBongo ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Ngelixa zonke izifundo zivumelene, ubuninzi bobubungqina bubonisa ukuba abafazi banamava anokulinganiswa okuhlawulekayo kwiintlobo ezininzi zezakhono zokuqonda ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Impembelelo kwiMemori
Ngokomzekelo, olunye uhlalutyo lwe-meta lwama-2007 lubhekisele kwizifundo ezili-14 ezahlukileyo ngokuthelekiswa kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo nabasemva kwimizimba enempilo, engekho yokukhusela kwimimiselo yememori. Oko abaphandi bafumene kukuba abafazi abakhulelweyo bafumana ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwiimpawu ezithile zeememori, kodwa kungekhona zonke.
Ngokukodwa, bafumanisa ukuba imisebenzi ebeka imfuno ephezulu kwisigqeba sokulawulwa kwengqondo inokuthi iphazamiseke kakhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nexesha lokuhamba emva. Iindawo eziye zachaphazeleka ngokukodwa xa zikhulelwa ziquka ukukhumbula okukhululekile kunye nememori yokusebenza.
Ukukhumbula okukhululekileyo kukukwazi ukukhumbula izinto ezisuka kuloluhlu, ngelixa ukusebenzela imemori luhlobo lweememori zesikhashana ezibandakanya amava aziwayo ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuchaza, mhlawumbi, kutheni ngamanye amaxesha abafazi abakhulelweyo babika nzima ukukhumbuza iinkcukacha ezifana namagama kunye nemihla, kunye noluvo oluqhelekileyo "oluthile" lokuba oomama balindele ukuba bahlale beva.
Abaphandi baphakamisa ukuba nangona imisebenzi yokukhumbula imemori, njengokukhumbula amagama kunye neenombolo zeefowuni zamalungu osapho esondeleyo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ichaphazelekayo, imveli kunye nemisebenzi yokukhumbula imingeni yayingenako. Ukukhumbula iinombolo ezihlanu ukuya ezintandathu zexesha elincinci lexesha, njengenombolo entsha yefowuni, kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukulindela abafazi.
Ukuphucula ukuKwamkelwa
Uphononongo luka-2009 lufumene ukuba ukukhulelwa kwadibaniswa nokuncipha okuthile ekukhunjuleni mahala, kodwa loo memori yolwazi ayizange ibe yimbi ngakumbi ngenxa yokukhulelwa. Enyanisweni, uhlolisiso lubonise ukuba, ukuba kukho nantoni na, imemori yolwazi yayincinci kangcono ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunexesha lokuphumla.
Iinguqu kwiGrey
Ngoko xa ukukhulelwa kudibaniswa neenguqu kwiindlela zombini ezizimeleyo kunye neenjongo, ingaba ukukhulelwa kubangela ukuba utshintsho lwalo lube lukhokelela kwiingqondo ngokwawo?
Olunye uphando lubone ukuba ukukhulelwa kubangela ukuba utshintsho olushukumisayo kwiibhinqa zabesetyhini, kangangokuthi abaphandi banako ukuxelela ukuba umfazi ubenomntwana nje ngokujonga ingqondo yakhe.
Ziyintoni na ezi ziguquka? Olunye uphando lufumanisa ukuba imba engcolileyo iyancipha kwiindawo zobuchopho ezinxulumene nokucwangcisa nokuphendula kwimpawu zentlalo.
Umlobi okhokelayo, u-Elseline Hoekzema, waphawula ukuba oku akuthethi ukuba 'ukukhulelwa kukuphulukisa ingqondo yakho.' Kunoko, ucetyiswa, ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo yengqondo kule mimandla ingabonisa inkqubo yokuvuthwa kunye nokuzikhethela, ukuvumela abafazi ukuba bagxininise ngakumbi kwaye bavumelane neemfuno zeintsana zabo.
Yintoni Ebangelwa Ubomi Bokukhulelwa?
Nangona kucaca ukuba uphando oluninzi luxhasa imbono yokuba kukho ubuncinane utshintsho olwenzekayo kwiibhinqa zabesifazane ngexesha lokukhulelwa, izizathu zenguqu zentsholongwane ezingabonakali ngokupheleleyo. Ezinye zezinto ezinokuthi zibandakanywe ziquka ezi zilandelayo.
IHormones
Njengaye nezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene nokukhulelwa, ii-hormone zivame ukuthethwa ngenxa yeengxaki zememori. Abanye abaphandi baphakamise ukuba amanqanaba aphakamileyo aama-hormone e-sex present present during these stages of pregnancy inokuchaphazela indawo zengqondo ezidlala indima kwimisebenzi ethile yememori.
Olunye uphando lwafumanisa ukuba abafazi abakhulelweyo bafumana imisebenzi engaphantsi kwimisebenzi yememori yendawo kunabesifazane abangakhulelweyo, kwaye ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwememori kwakulokhu kukhula ngakumbi xa ukhulelwe. Abaphengululi banokulinganisela amanqanaba e-hormone ehlukeneyo yezesondo kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba bazalisa i-questionnaire ukuvavanya amanqanaba kunye nexhala.
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba abafazi kwisithathu kunye neyesithathu zokukhulelwa benza okubi nakakhulu kwimisebenzi yeememori kwaye banamava aphantsi kunye nokuxhalaba okukhulu. Okuthakazelisayo, isifundo asifumananga nantlangano phakathi kwamazinga e-hormone kunye neziphumo zokuvavanya imemori.
Ukulala
Ukutshintsha kwenyama ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokudlala indima ekukhulelweni kwengqondo, kodwa izinto zokuphila ziba nefuthe ngokunjalo. Ukulala, okanye ukungabi naso, kusenokuba yinto enokubakho. Ukulahlwa kolala, okunokuthi kuthiwa ubuthongo buba nzima kakhulu xa ukhulelwe ukukhula, lunokudlala indima enkulu. Ukunqongophala kokulala kubangelwa ukuba yingxaki enkulu emva kokutshatyalaliswa, ngokuninzi, omama abatsha bafumana ukulahlekelwa yimilinganiselo yobuthongo xa bekhathalela iintsana zabo baze bahlalutye kwiimfuno ezintsha zobumama.
Ukuxinezeleka
Ukunyuka kwengcinezelo enxulumene nokuba ngumzali kunokuba nakho kudlala indima ethile ekuncediseni ukukhulelwa kwengqondo. Njengoko kuthethwe ngaphambili, ubuncinci olunye luye lwafumana amanqanaba okuxhalabisa atya ukwanda njengoko ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka, kwaye amanqanaba okunyamezela angakhuphula emva kokuzalwa kokuzalwa. Iinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zokunyamekela umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa zingabangela ukuba zifuneke ngokukodwa kwaye zikhokele kumanqanaba okuxininisa aphezulu.
Izizathu ezibalulekileyo zokukhulelwa kwengqondo ziyakuthi zenziwe ngokubanzi. Ukuhlanganiswa kweenguqu ze-hormone, ukunyuka kwamaxinzelelo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokulala kungabangela bonke ubunzima kwimemori kunye nokuqwalasela ukuba abafazi abakhulelweyo nabasemva bavakalisa ingxelo. Emva koko, kuba ngumzali ubeka zonke iintlobo zeemfuno kubasetyhini, emzimbeni nangokwengqondo, ngoko kuya kufuneka kube nomthelela othile kumqondo kunye nomzimba.
Impembelelo
Ngoko zonke ezo ntshintsho zithini intsingiselo? Ngaba kukho nayiphi na igalelo lexesha elide kwimpilo yowesifazane?
Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba uninzi lweenguqu ezenzeka kwingqondo ngexesha kunye nangemva kokukhulelwa lunomphumo onokubakho kumandla omfazi wokunyamekela abantwana bakhe. Olunye uphando lwango-2010 lufumene ukuba abafazi baya kutshintshwa kwiindawo zobuchopho, kubandakanywa ne-hypothalamus kunye ne-amygdala, ebaluleke kakhulu kwimimiselo yemoya.
Iingcali ze-neuro zifumene ukuba utshintsho kwi-estrogen, i-prolactin, ne-oxytocin ama-hormone amazinga emva kokuzalwa kunokunceda ukuhlaziya ubuchopho besetyhini ekuphenduleni iintsana zabo. Izinto ezifunyanisiweyo zibonisa ukuba unina omtsha ngokwenene ufumana ulwakhiwo kwiindawo eziphambili zengqondo edibeneyo kunye nefuthe kunye nokuziphatha, mhlawumbi ukudlala inxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeni ukunyamekela usana.
Abaphandi basebenzisa i-MRI ukujonga ukujonga ubhinqa babesanda kuzala. Imifanekiso eqhathaniswayo ithathwe kwaye iiveki ezimbini nezine emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwityhila ukwanda okwenyukayo kwimiba ebomvu kwiindawo ezithile zeengqondo. Imimandla apho ukunyuka kwevolumu kubonakala kubandakanya i-hypothalamus (ehambelana nentshukumo yokubeleka), i-correx ye-prefrontal (ehambelana nesigwebo kunye nokuqiqa), kunye ne-amygdala (ehambelana nokuqhutyelwa kwengqondo).
Mhlawumbi into emangalisayo kukuba, oomama abavakalisa ukuba bazive benomdla kwaye "bathandana" kunye neentsana zabo bekuninzi kakhulu ukubonisa ukukhulisa phakathi kweengqondo. Ubungakanani bempahla ebomvu utshintsho lweendleko zihambelana nendlela oomama abathintekayo babengabantwana babo. Oomama abavakalisa iimvakalelo ezinamandla zokuqhagamshela babonakalisa utshintsho olukhulu kumbono wegrey. Uphando lwafumanisa ukuba xa oomama abatsha baboniswa imifanekiso yabantwana babo, bafumana umsebenzi owandisiweyo kwimimandla yoluntu yengqondo.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Utshintsho kwingqondo ngexesha lokukhulelwa lunokukhokelela kwimemori ethile kunye nobunzima bokuqwalasela, kodwa ezi zinguqu zibonakala zineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo. Nangona uphando oluninzi lufunekayo, kucacile ukuba ukukhulelwa kukubalulekileyo ngexesha lokuphuhlisa i-neurovelopmentment. Ukukhulelwa kushiya uphawu kumzimba kunye nangengqondo, kwaye uphando olusakhulayo lubonisa ukuba ezinye zeenguqu zihlala zihlala.
Ukutshintshwa kwengqondo kungabonisa ukuba indawo ezithile ziba zizodwa ngokukhethekileyo ekuphenduleni ukukhulelwa. Ngoko ukuba uziva uziva ulibala kwaye unganaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ungakhathazeki, awuyikulahlekelwa ingqondo yakho. Uhlala nje uwakha ingqondo ephendula kakhulu kwiimfuno ezininzi zomzali.
> Imithombo:
> Farrar, D, Tuffnell, D, Neill, J, Scally, A, & Marshall, K. Ukuvavanya komsebenzi wokuqonda ngokukhulelwa usebenzisa i-CANTAB: Isifundo eside. Cognition yeBongo . 2014; 84 (1): 76-84. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.bandc.2013.11.003.
> Henry, JD, uRendell, PG. Ukuphononongwa kwempembelelo yokukhulelwa kwimemori. Umbhalo we-Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 2007; 29 (8): 793-803. i-doi: 10.1080 / 13803390701612209.
> Logan, DM, Hill, KR, Jones, R, Holt-Lunstad, J, & Larson, MJ. Inkumbulo kunye nengqwalasela ishintsha njani ngokukhulelwa nokubeletha? Ukuhlolwa kwexesha elide elilawulayo lokusebenza kwamagqabantshintshi kumabhinqa akhulelwe nabasemva. Umbhalo we-Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 2014; 36 (5): 528-539. i-doi: 10.1080 / 13803395.2014.912614.
> I-Mickes, L, i-Wixted, i-JT, i-Shaprio, A, ne-Scarff, i-JM. Imiphumo yokukhulelwa kwimemori: Khumbula ukuba kubi ngakumbi kodwa ukuqonda akukho. Umbhalo we-Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology . 2009; 31 (6): 754-761. i-doi: 10.1080 / 13803390802488111.
> Kim, P, Leckman, JF, iMeya, uLC, uFelman, R, Wang, X, & Swain, JE. Iiplastiki yobuchopho bomntu bomama: I-Longitudianl ishintsho kwi-anatomy yengqondo ngexesha lokuqala kwexesha lokugqibela. I-Neuroscience. 2010; 124 (5): 695-700. i-doi: 10.1037 / a0020884.