Iimvavanyo eziQinisekisiweyo zichazwe kwaye zichongiweyo
Ukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuhlolweni okubhekiselele kumgangatho wokumisela ukulinganisa ukubaluleka kokungafani phakathi kwamanqaku. Ezi zintlukwano zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukuba ngaba amanqaku aphakathi okanye amaninzi angaphantsi okanye ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso . Ukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kunye nezikolo eziqhelekileyo yenye yezindlela eziqhelekileyo zokutshintsha iziphumo zokuhlolwa ezihambelanisiweyo, kodwa azinjalo kuphela.
Ukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kubalwa ngabaphuhlisi bokuvavanya. Unokuzicingela ngokuthi "ukungqinelana kwemilinganiselo" kwizinto ezininzi abantu abazenzayo kuvavanyo. Ukuqonda indlela umsebenzi wokuphambuka oqhelekileyo unokukunceda ukuba uqale ukuqonda amanqaku okuhlolwa komntwana wakho.
Ukuchonga ukukhubazeka kokuFunda ngeeNzame eziQinisekisiweyo
Uninzi lweemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga ukukhubazeka kokufunda kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezizodwa zichanekileyo. Abapapashi beemvavanyo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo basebenzise enye yeendidi eziqhelekileyo zeendlela zokubhala. Amanqaku aqhelekileyo ancedo kuba avumela ukuthelekiswa komsebenzi womntwana kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo. Kananjalo banceda ukuqikelela amandla omntwana kunye nobuthathaka xa kuthelekiswa namandla akhe jikelele kwaye uvumela ukulinganiswa kwezakhono zomntwana ekuvavanyeni xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abafundi abaneminyaka yobudala okanye ibakala.
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zeeMvavanyo zoQinisekiso
Xa abazali beqala ukubandakanyeka kwihlabathi lokukhubazeka kokufunda kunye nokuvavanywa okusemgangathweni, kulula ukuphazamiseka nazo zonke iinkcukacha.
Nazi ezinye izikhokelo ezisisiseko kunye nemigomo esetyenziswe ootitshala abalawulayo baze batyekise amanqaku okuhlolwa asemgangathweni.
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zamanqaku ovavanyo olulinganisiweyo asetyenziswe kwimvavanyo ekhethekileyo yemfundo kunye nokuxilongwa kwemisebenzi yokukhubazeka ziquka:
- Izikolo eziPhezulu: Abaphuhlisi bokuvavanya babala isilinganiso semilinganiselo esekelwe ekusebenzeni kwabafundi abavavanywa kwinkqubo ye-norming yophuhliso lovavanyo. Leyo manqaku ibelwe ixabiso. Amanqanaba okusebenza ahlukeneyo abalwa ngokusekelwe kwimilinganiselo yabanqaku abafundi ukusuka kumyinge wokulinganisa kwaye abonakaliswa njengempembelelo emiselweyo . Ezi mpazamo eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ziphi iziphumo eziwela ngaphakathi kwinqanaba elingentla elingentla, eliphakathi, nelingaphantsi.
Amanani amanqanaba kunye nokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kuyahluke kwiimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Uninzi lweemvavanyo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ezifana ne-Wechsler Intelligence Scales, zinamanqaku aphakathi kwama-100 kunye nokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwe-15.
- Iipencenti : Ezi ziphumo zibonisa indlela ukusebenza komfundi kuqhathaniswa ngayo nabanye abavavanywa ngexesha lophuhliso lovavanyo. Umfundi obala kwi-percentile yama-50 eyenziwe ubuncinci kwakunye neepesenti ezingama-50 zabafundi bakhe ubudala ekuphuhliseni uvavanyo. Njengoko uya kuphawula kwitheyibhile elingezantsi, amanqaku kwi-percentile yama-50 angaphakathi kwinqanaba eliphakathi.
- Izikolo ze-Z: Ezi ziphumo ukusuka ku-+4 kuya ku -4 kwaye zinomyinge we-zero. Amanqaku afanele angaphezulu kwesilinganiso. Amanani amaninzi angaphantsi kwemilinganiselo. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa amanqaku angama-percentile anxulumene nezikolo.
- I-T-Scores: unomyinge wama-50 kunye nokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwe-10. Amanqaku angaphezu kwama-50 angaphezu kwesilinganiso. Amanqaku angaphantsi kwama-50 angaphantsi komyinge. Itafile engezantsi ibonisa amanqaku afanelekileyo, amanqaku e-percentile , kunye nezi-scores, amanqaku ahambelana nama-t-scores.
- I-Stanine Scores: UStanine uyintlukwano yegama elithi "umgangatho wesithoba." La manqaku ukusuka kolunye ukuya kwi-9 kwaye anesilinganiso malunga ne-4.5.
Ukuthelekisa ukusebenza kovavanyo
Njengoko uyakubona, amanqaku okuhlolwa asemgangathweni asenza siqhathanise ukusebenza komfundi kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo. Nangona zonke izikolo zokuvavanya zifanele ziqwalaselwe ingqikelelo, ezinye zichanekile kunabanye. Amanqaku aqhelekileyo kunye nama-percentile, umzekelo, uchaza ukusebenza komfundi ngokuchaneka ngakumbi kunama-t-scores, ama-scores, okanye ama-stanines.
Olu luhlu lweendidi eziqhelekileyo zamanqaku asemgangathweni lunokunceda ukuba uqikelele ukusebenza komntwana wakho kwiimvavanyo usebenzisa ezi ntlobo zamanqaku. Ukuqonda intsingiselo yamanye amanqaku okuvavanya angaboniswa apha, uthisha wezemfundo okhethekileyo, umcebisi, okanye isazi seengqondo sezikole angakunika ulwazi oluthile malunga nawuphi na umvavanyo umntwana wakho owenza esikolweni.
Ungavumeli ubunzima benkqubo kukuthintele ukubuza imibuzo. Ukuba awuyiqondi okanye awuvumelani nento ethile, qiniseka ukuba unomfundisi oqeqeshiweyo ukuchaza oko. Wena ungummeli wakho omncinci, kwaye ukuqonda i-minutiae yokuvavanya okusemgangathweni kunokukunceda ukuba unqume oko kulungile kumntwana wakho.