Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO akunakunzima kodwa kungabangela i-jaundice okanye i-anemia
Emva kokulinda iinyanga ezilishumi elinesibini ukuhlangabezana nomntwana wabo, nto encinci iyabavuyisa kubazali abatsha ngokuzikhukhumeza kunokuba bathengise iindlebe zabo, abanesigxina, esinezinzwane ezinokude kunye nezincinci. Kodwa kuthekani ngohlobo lwakhe lwegazi? Ngelixa kulunge ukuba umbala wezinwele zintsana, uthi, uhlukile kunomama (nangona wayethemba ngasese ukuba wayeza kulidla ilifa lakhe le-strawberry blond), ngamanye amaxesha ibali elihlukile ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lwentsana alukho ngokufanayo nonina.
Kwimeko enjalo, unokubeka engozini kwimeko eyaziwa ngokuba ngu-ABO uhlobo lwegazi olungavumelaniyo, uhlobo lwesifo esaziwa njengesifo se-hemolytic yintsana (HDN). (Omnye umzekelo we-HDN uyenzeka xa igazi likaMama linguRhi kwaye umntwana wakhe unguRh positive.
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, i-HDN (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-erythroblastosis fetalis) ingafaka impilo yengane kwingozi enkulu. Enyanisweni, ngexesha elinye i-HDN yimbangela enkulu yokufa kweintsana ezintsha. Ngoku ukuba abaphandi bezonyango baqonde kangcono iindlela ezibangelwa i-HDN, azikho nje zisongela. Ukuba unomama omtsha ohlobo lwakhe lwegazi lufana nolwakho, yilokho okufuneka ukwazi malunga nokungahambelani kwe-ABO.
I-ABCs ye-ABO Ukungqinelani
Iileta A, B, kunye ne-O zibhekisela kwiintlobo zegazi ezine-A, B, AB, ne-O. Uhlobo lwegazi luzimisele ngokusekelwe kwiiprotheni ebusweni beeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
Ezi proteyin ziyi-antigen-ezinokuthi izixhobo zamasosha omzimba aziqondi. Ukukhusela, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisenza i-antibodies ukulwa neprotheni engaqhelekanga. Ezi zinqamleza ziyakwazi ukuwela i-placenta, apho ziya kuphazamisa ilungu elibomvu legazi emva kokuba ezalwe.
Isizathu sokuba igazi lentsana lusetshatsheli alufanekiyo njalo nonina lukuthi uhlobo lwegazi lusekelwe kwiijethi kumzali ngamnye.
Ngokomzekelo, umama othayipha u-O kunye noyise oluhlobo A unokuba nomntwana othayiphayo A. Isizathu sokuba umntwana akanakuluhlobo lwegazi, njengomama wakhe, kuba i-gene ye-O ngokugqithiseleyo.
Ayikho yonke into enxulumene neentlobo zegazi iyingxaki. Ukungahambelani ku-ABO kunokwenzeka kuphela xa umfazi onomhlobo O ogazini enomntwana ogama lakhe lingumhlobo A, uhlobo B, okanye udidi lwe-AB. Ukuba umntwana uthayipha O ayiyi kuba neengxaki ngeempendulo ezikhuselweyo zamagciwane ngenxa yokuba uhlobo lweeseli zegazi alinayo impendulo yokuzivikela-mzimba edala ama-antigens.
Indlela yokungahambelani ngayo i-ABO
Ingxaki eqhelekileyo ebangelwa ukungahambelani kwe-ABO yintlungu . I-jaundice iyenzeka xa kukho i-buildup ye-orang-red red substance egazini elibizwa ngokuthi yi-bilirubin eveliswayo xa iiselom zegazi ezibomvu ziphuka ngokwemvelo. Ukuba amanye amangqamuzana egazi abomvu aphulwa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba eqhelekileyo, i-bilirubin iphumo iya kufaka izicubu ezinamafutha phantsi kwesikhumba, kubangele i-hue ephuzi yesikhumba kunye nabamhlophe bamehlo abonakalisa uphawu lwe-jaundice.
Hhayi zonke iintsana ezine-ABO ezingahambelani ziza kuphuhlisa i-jaundice, kwaye kungekhona zonke iintsana ezine-jaundice ziza kufuna unyango olubanzi. Kuya kuxhomekeka kwindlela i-bilirubin eqokelela ngayo igazi legazi.
Ezinye iintsana ezinomhlaza omnyama ziza kuba ngcono ngokwabo ngokutya ngokudla rhoqo. Ukwanda kwesikhashana kwondlo kuya kubangela ukwanda kwentshukumo yokuhamba, oko kukuthi i-bilirubin engaphezu kwemali iphuma emzimbeni. AmaMom abancinayo bangadinga ukuncedisa ukutya kwabo abantwana kunye nefomula kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuba uongikazi wedwa akenzi ukukhohlisa.
Kwiintsana ezinesifo esininzi se-jaundice, i-phototherapy, okanye ityrapy elula, isebenza kakuhle. Ikhumba lomntwana libonakaliswe kumagagasi avulekileyo aguqula i-bilirubin ibe yinto engadlula kwinkqubo yomntwana. Usana luya kuthiwa lubekwe phantsi kokukhanya ukumbethe nje i-diaper kunye ne-soft patches eye.
Esikhundleni saloo, okanye ngaphezu koko, ukunyanyiswa kwintsholongwane yintsana ene-jaundice ingaphathwa nge-biliblanket esebenzisa i-fiber optics ukudiliza i- bilirubin .
Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, umntwana ojongene ne-HDN uya kufuneka aphathwe ngohlobo lokumpontshelwa igazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-transfusion exchange. Yilapho enye inxalenye yegazi lomntwana ithathelwa indawo kunye nohlobo lwegazi. Kwaye umntwana oba ngumkhuhlane okhulayo ngenxa ye-HDN unokufuna ukudluliselwa komthonyama okwezinye izinto apho anikezelwa igazi elizeleyo ukuze athathe igazi elilahlekileyo.
> Imithombo:
> Izifo ze-Avery zeNtsana . 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders, 2012.
> I-Dean L. Amaqela Egazi kunye neeAntigens ze-Red Blood Cell , "I-Hemolytic Diseases of the Newborn," i-National Centre ye-Biotechnology Information, 2005.