Oku kwenzeka kakhulu kunyaka wokuqala wobomi ukuba kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa ubudala kwiiveki kunye neenyanga. Emva konyaka omnye uphawu, unokuyeka ukubala loo mizuzu encinane yexesha ... ude ukhangele imini enye uze uqaphele ukuba lo mntwana akayena "oneminyaka elilodwa ubudala." Uyabonisana ngokucacileyo (nangona amagama akhe athile esengumqubuzana wezandi) aze aziphathe ngokuthe gqolo (nangona eqhubeka ekhubeka aze aqhube ngendlela ejikelezayo) kwaye, mhlawumbi ebonakalayo, umnqweno wakhe onzima wokuzimela uye wanda ephindwe kabini.
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Izakhono Unokulindela ukuba abantwana bafunde ngeenyanga ezili-18Iintsana zithatha iindawo eziphambili kumaxesha ahlukeneyo, okwenyani, kodwa ngo-year-and half-mark mark, mhlawumbi uya kubona ezinye izakhono eziqhelekileyo zivela kwiindawo:
- Izakhono zombane ezininzi
- Izakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi
- Izakhono zobuchule okanye iingqondo
- Izakhono zobungqina
- Izakhono zoLuntu kunye neZemvakalelo
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Izakhono zoPhuhliso lweZakhono eziPhezulu Unako ukulindela ukuba abantwana bafunde ngeenyanga ezili-18Ukubonakala komntwana wakho kusenokutshintsha kakhulu phakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-18 ubudala. Unokulindela ukuba uphumelele kwaye ufumane itoni ye-muscle. Oku kuqhelekileyo kumntwana onqaba ukugcinwa kwaye akagcinanga.
Ukunika umntwana wakho ithuba lokuba uzame imisipha yakhe iya kuphucula amandla kunye nokulungelelanisa, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni izakhono zezithuthi eziphambili (izakhono ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweengalo, imilenze kunye namanye amaqela amaninzi amakhulu). Kwiinyanga ezili-18 ubudala, uya kukwazi ukubona umntwana wakho unamakhono kwizakhono eziliqela ezinjenge:
- Ukunyuka kwizinto eziphantsi (ibhedi ephantsi okanye enye ifenitshala)
- Ukuhamba nokuqhuba ngokukhawuleza
- Ukuzibamba ngezandla zakhe xa ewa
- Ukutshiza
Ukugqamisa: Abaninzi umzali uye wamangaliswa ukufumana uneminyaka eyi-18 ubudala ezama ukunyuka ekhuseni (kwaye abaninzi baye baxhamla ngakumbi ukubona ukuba umntwana ophumelelayo). Njengamanye eminye imizamo yakhe kule nqanaba, uneminyaka engama-18 ubudala akuvumelekanga ukuba angayi kukhangela isikhalazo ukuba ngaba ufuna ukukwenza. Ukuba ubona umntanakho ezama ukunyuka esiqhankqalazweni ngokuqinisekileyo unokuzama ukumnciphisa ngemithetho eqinileyo engavumelekanga. Unokuzama kwakhona itende le-crib , okungenani ubunqanda okwethutyana ukuba akhiphe. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uwamkele nokuba umntwana wakho uya kuqhubeka ezama ukuwela ngaphesheya. Ngaloo ndlela, kugxininise ekudaleni indawo ekhuselekileyo yokuba umququzeleli kunye nomphicothi-zincwadi uza kuhamba ixesha elide.
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Iimpawu zoBuchule beZakhono zoBucala ukuba zikhangele i-Age One nesiqingathaNjengoko umntanakho ufuna ukuzimela nokuzimela, uya kufuneka ukuba akhe izakhono zezithuthi ezifanelekileyo , ezilawula umunwe kunye nokuhamba kwesandla.
Ezinye zezakhono oza kuzibona ziphuculwe ngcono ngeli nqanaba zibandakanya:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokutya (i-spoon, ifom e-friendly-friendly)
- Ukukhutshwa kwamakhrayoni nezinye izixhobo zokubhala
- Udweba ngeminwe okanye ngemibhobho
- Izinto zokubeka izinto enye enye phezulu
Ukugqamisa: Ukuba unokudlulela umonakalo, ukuvumela umntwana wakho ukuba atyele nge- spoon okanye ifoloki inokuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokukhohlisa umntu odlayo ukugqiba ukutya kwakhe.
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Izakhono zobuGcisa okanye eziCacnitive eziphuhliswa ngama-18 ubudalaKunzima ukucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unobulumko kwiinyanga ezili-18 ubudala. Kwiminyaka emfutshane edlulileyo, kwakubonakala ukuba konke akwazi ukukwenza kwakuhlala esihlalweni sakhe, kwaye ngoku, ukwakha iinqaba ngeebhloko, ukukhwela kwiingoma eziqhelekileyo, nokuxelisa izilwanyana. Xa usebenza ngokubanzi, ufunde , kwaye ubhale izinto, umntanakho oza kuncwina izakhono ezintsha nolwazi olufana nesiponji. Ezinye zezinto onokulindela ukuba umntwana wakho aqale ukuzenza malunga neenyanga ezili-18 ubudala ziquka:
- Dlala imidlalo elula yokukholelwa
- Qalisa ukuhlola isizathu kunye nomphumo
- Ukuqonda ukungafani phakathi kwezinto ezifana neefoto zezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo
- Khumbula iingoma eziqhelekileyo okanye iinxalenye zeencwadi uze usebenze kubo, ngendlela efanayo, ngexesha ngalinye
Ukugqamisa: Iimfino ezinika "intlawulo" xa umntwana wakho esenza isenzo (umculo odlala xa ucinezela iqhosha, iibhola eziwela phantsi kwindlela yokukhangela xa ususa umtshini, njl.) Mhlawumbi ziza kuba zizinto ezizithandayo zomntwana malunga nale minyaka. Njengoko kumnandi, "ukulahla indebe" umdlalo uninzi lwabancinci bacinga ukuba luvuyo oluhle (kwaye oomama bafumana unzima kakhulu). Umntwana wakho angayilahla indebe yakhe, kabini ... ngokuphindwe kabini ngokuhlwa. Ukuze ukwanelise umntwana wakho ngaphandle kokuhlambalaza, ungazama ukunikela indebe kabini. Ukuba uyayiphonsa okwesithathu, yifake indebe ngaphandle ngaphandle kwedrama enkulu. Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka afunde ukuba ukuphonsa izinto phantsi kungakufanelekanga.
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Iikhono zoLwazi ngokuqhelekileyo zixhaswe ngama-18 ubudalaKwiinyanga ezili-18, abaninzi abantwana banako ukuthetha inani elungileyo lamagama, kodwa akuqhelekanga ukuba lawo mazwi abe nzima kubantu abangabaziyo ukuba baqonde. Inkqubo yokufunda ukuthetha ithatha ixesha elininzi kunye namandla. Kwaye nje xa uvakalelwa kukuba umntwana wakho ongekho naluphi na inkqubela phambili, unokuvuka ngelinye ilanga kumntwana othetha nawe kwizivakalisi ezipheleleyo. Into ebalulekileyo ukuba uyikhumbule kukuba kukho uluhlu oluqhelekileyo oluqhelekileyo kule minyaka xa kuvela ukuphuhlisa izandi. Nika umntwana wakho ixesha elide ngelixa usebenzisana naye kwaye uqinise ulwimi, kwaye uya kuqala ukubona ezinye izakhono eziqhelekileyo zokuthetha njengale:
- Ukuchonga amalungu osapho lwakho ngeentsandi zomlomo ezifana negama lomntu ngamnye ("na" for nanna; "da" ka-daddy, njl.)
- Ukusebenzisa imiqondiso kunye nokukhomba ngenkathi ukwenza izandi ukuthetha oko akufunayo okanye ezifunayo
- Ukubhekisela kwizinto ezithile kwiincwadi xa zithiwa
- Ukuhlabelela kunye nesingoma kunye neengoma zengoma efana ne "ABC Ingoma" nangona amagama athile engacacile
Qaphela: Kudla ukuba kucinga ukuba abantwana abakhuliswa emakhaya apho ulwimi olungaphezu kolunye luya kuqala ukuthetha kamva kunabantwana abaphakanyiswe kwikhaya lunye ulwimi, kodwa akunjalo ngokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhulisa umntwana wesibili akufanele umangaliswe ukuba umntwana wakho akathethi kangangeenyanga ezili-18 okanye ukuba usebenzisa amagama ukusuka kulwimi ngalunye. Ekugqibeleni, uya kukwazi ukwahlula ezo zibini kwaye akafanele ahlupheke nayiphi na intetho okanye isigama sokulibaziseka ngexesha elide.
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Izakhono Zentlalo Abantwana Bakhula Ngeenyanga ezili-18Iinyanga ezilishumi elinesibhozo ezisixhenxe zihlala zizimeleyo ngokuzimeleyo, ezinokubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokulwa kweminqweno xa bengayifumani indlela yabo. Ukunikela izikhokelo ezicacileyo kunye ezizimeleyo kunye nokuzimisela ukuvumela umntwana wakho ukuba ahlole izinto ezininzi ngokuzimela uya kunceda ufundise indlela encinane yokuziphatha kakuhle kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokusebenzisana nabanye. Njengoko umntwana wakho oqala ukuqonda ukuba kukho imida kunye nokulindela ukuziphatha okumkelekileyo, unokulindela ukumbona enze izinto ezinjenge:
- Ukuthi "hayi" emzameni wokuvavanya imida kwaye ufumane indlela yakhe
- Ukukhala okanye ukubonisa iimpawu zokuphazamiseka xa engayifumani indlela yakhe
- Ukwabelana nabanye (nangona unokufuna oko abuyele khona ngokukhawuleza ekubeni engayiqondi ngokupheleleyo imbono yokunika abanye izinto ngokungenanto okanye ngokusisigxina)
- Ukujika kunye nabanye kwimidlalo elula efana ne-roll ibhola
Ukugqamisa: Ngamanye amaxesha unyaka weenyanga ezili-18 unokuziva ngathi unqabile. Umntwana wakho uya kutsho ngomzuzu omnye ephosa phantsi ekhwaza kwaye emva koko unokuzixhamla. Ingxenye yale mpendulo ephezulu kukuba ngenxa yokuba umntwana wakho uyazi ngakumbi ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukusebenzisana nabanye. Ufunda ukuba akayena onke amathoyizi ayenayo kunye neqiniso lokuba unokwenza umntu ahlekise ngobuso obungenangqondo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, "imithetho" yeli hlabathi lezenhlalakahle lidideka kuye. Ngoko ube nomonde kwaye uqonde ukuba usanda kuqalisa ukuqonda ingcamango yokuba akayena mntu kuphela ochaphazelekayo apha.
"Izinto eziphambili zoPhuhliso: Abantwana." I-Healthycihldren.org. KwiWebhu. Oktobha 10, 2011.
UPowell, J. kunye no-Smith, CA "Izinto eziphambili zoPhuhliso: Isikhokelo sabazali." UManhattan, KS: iNkonzo yaseKansas yeNyuvesi yokuThuthukiswa kweNyuvesi. KwiWebhu. Oktobha 10, 2011.
Shelov, uSreven PMD, MS, FAAP, kunye. al. Ukunyamekela Ukuzalwa Kwabantwana Abantwana nabantwana abaselula ukuya eBangeni 5. Incwadi yeBanatam, 2009. Print.