Kufuneka Unakekele, Njalo: Yiyiphi i-PISA, i-NAEP kunye ne-Economists
Kwakuyiyo yonke indlela ngo-1983 xa ingxelo yeburhulumenteni ebizwa ngokuthi "isizwe esengozini" yaxwayisa ukuba izikolo zaseburhulumenteni zase-US ziye zawela emva kwezinye iintlanga kwaye oku kuya kubakho kwiimeko ezikhoyo zezoqoqosho. Le ngxelo yaxhatshaza abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kuwo onke amanqanaba. UMongameli ngelo xesha, uRonald Reagan, utshintshe isikhundla sakhe ngokubaluleka kokuba neSebe lezemfundo. Wathembise ukuba aqale ukuguqulwa kwemfundo eya kubuya i-US ukuya kwiindawo eziphambili kwimfundo yehlabathi.
Wonke umongameli ukususela ngoReagan uye wenza isithembiso esifanayo. I-US ibone "amaqhinga amahlanu" kaClinton, uBush "Akukho Mntwana oshiya", kunye no-Obama "Uhlanga oluya phezulu."
Nangona kunjalo i-US iyaqhubeka ibamba amanqanaba aphezulu kumanqaku okuvavanya ngamazwe ngamazwe (iinkcukacha ezingezantsi). Ngaba le nto ilungileyo? Ngaba iimvavanyo zokuvavanya zibonisa ngokukodwa ukukhula koqoqosho?
Iyini i-PISA kunye Nithini Ngayo E-US?
I-PISA imele iNkqubo yoHlolo lwaBafundi bamazwe ngamazwe. Olu vavanyo lunikezwe kumazwe amalungu ilungu loMbutho woBambiswano kunye noPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho (i-OECD.) Amazwe kufuneka angene ukungena.
Uvavanyo lwe-PISA lunikwa yonke iminyaka emithathu kwizikolo ezikhethiweyo ngezikhethi kumazwe athabatha inxaxheba. Uvavanyo lubandakanya izakhono zokufunda, izakhono zamatriki, kunye nolwazi lokufunda nokufunda ngokwesayensi phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 ubudala. Uvavanyo lusetyenziswe ukubonisa ukuba abafundi abafikelele kangakanani ekupheleni kwemfundo enyanzelekileyo baya kukwazi ukusebenzisa izakhono zabo zokufunda kwiimeko zangempela zobomi.
Iziphumo zokugqibela zokuvavanya ezishicilelwe zivela ngo-2012. Ngelo xesha, i-US ibeka i-17 kuma-34 ekufundeni, 27 kwi-34 kwimathematika, kunye ne-20 kuma-34 kwisayensi. Oku kufaka izikhundla zezikolo zase-US njengendawo yokufunda kunye nezenzululwazi, kwaye ngaphantsi kwemitha yezibalo.
I-US ithathe inxaxheba kwi-PISA ka-2015. Iziphumo ezivela kwi-PISA ziya kukhutshwa ekuqaleni kukaDisemba 2016.
Yintoni oku kuthetha ngayo abazali
Nangona idatha yelizwe lonke ibonisa imimandla yempumelelo yemfundo kunye neendawo apho kuphuculwe khona, uluntu lwasekuhlaleni-ikakhulukazi thina bazali-kufuneka sithathe inxaxheba kwiinguqulelo zokulungiswa ukuze kuphumelele.
Iinkcukacha kunye nophando kunokusitshela oko abantwana bethu bafuna ukuphucula khona, kodwa ootitshala beendawo nabazali bahlala behle kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuba ukuphucuka kwenzeka. Siyaqonda abantwana bethu kwaye sazi indlela abayifunayo ngayo.
Sinokuthatha inxaxheba ngokujoyina i- PTA / PTO , amabhunga eendawo zesikolo, iikomiti zebhodi yesikolo kunye nokuvota okhethweni lwendawo .
Sinefuthe elikhulu ekuphumeleleni kwesikolo sabantwana bethu. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba xa sikulindeleke kakhulu kubafundi esikolweni , benza ngcono esikolweni.
Yintoni abaChwepheshe kunye nabaPhathi bePolisi bathi malunga nokubaluleka kweeSikolweni zeSikolo seSikolo?
Abaninzi bezoqoqosho kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo bakholelwa ukuba umgangatho wemfundo yinto ebalulekileyo ekuqaliseni umgangatho wesizwe somntu. Ngamanye amazwi, iintlanga ezineendawo eziphezulu zePISA zifumana abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe bhetele abaza kukhuthaza ukukhula okukhulu kwezoqoqosho kunye nokuchuma kwiintlanga zabo.
Iintlanga eziphambili kwi-PISA, kuquka neChina, iSingapore kunye neJapane nazo ziye zakhula ngamandla kwezoqoqosho. Sekunjalo, akubona wonke umntu oqinisekile ukuba i-PISA izikhundla eziphezulu zichaphazela uqoqosho lwelizwe. Abacebisi balo mbono, njengoDiane Ravitch, iNjingalwazi yezeMfundo eNyuvesi yaseNew York, bachaza imbali emfutshane yenkcazelo yokuvavanya phakathi kweentlanga. I-US ine-average grade rankings kwiimvavanyo zamazwe ngamazwe ebuyela kuma-1960. Sekunjalo, i-US ihlale isomelele ngamandla kwezoqoqosho kumaxesha anamhlanje.
Kukho uphando olongezelelweyo lwezoqoqosho olubala izixhobo. Izoqoqosho zeYunivesithi yaseStanford zihlalutye idatha ukusuka ngo-1960 ukuya ku-2000 ngokuthelekisa indlela izakhono zokuqonda ezinxulumene nokukhula koqoqosho. Bafumene ukuba izakhono zokuqonda (njengalezo zilinganiswa yi-PISA) zabafundi besizwe zichaphazela ukukhula koqoqosho kwezoqoqosho kwilizwe elizayo.
Izezimali zeStanford zithi ziyizakhono abafundi abazifumanayo eziyimfuneko ngokukhula koqoqosho. Akunjalo nje isixa sexesha esikolweni esibalulekileyo, ngaba abafundi bafunda kangakanani xa besesikolweni. Kwakhona bafumanisa ukuba ezinye iinjongo zelizwe ezifana nokuvuleka kwintengiso kunye nemithetho yepropati yengqondo yayinempembelelo enkulu ekukhuleni koqoqosho.
Oko kugqitywa kwezoqoqosho zeStford ebonisa ukuba ngelixa i-US isenokuba yinkokeli yezoqoqosho namhlanje, sinomngcipheko wokufumana ezinye iintlanga ezineziphumo ezinamandla zePISA kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho. Ingqungquthela ngexesha elithathayo ukuba umntwana aphumelele esikolweni ukuba ajoyine abasebenzi adala ixesha lokujonga ukuba imiphumo yemfundo inezoqoqosho.
Kutheni Kubalulekile Ukuba Abazali?
Uphando lwezoqoqosho lubonisa ukuba umgangatho wemfundo bethu abantwana abawufumene namhlanje kuya kubachaphazela uqoqosho oluzayo kunye nomgangatho wobomi bethu obunobomi. Ukubonelela abantwana bethu ngemfundo yeklasi yehlabathi kuyinye yezinto zokuba babe ngabaqulunqi behlabathi kunye neenkokheli ngexesha labo. Kuya kuba nefuthe kummandla woqoqosho lozwelonke ngexesha lethu lomhlalaphantsi.
Ziziphi iinzame zamanje zokuphucula i-PISA yethu?
Naluphina utshintsho lwemfundo olujolise ekuphuculeni umgangatho wemfundo e-US abantwana abafumanayo kufuneka bancede ekuphuculeni izinga. Khumbula, i-PISA yenzelwe uvavanyo olusebenzayo, izakhono zehlabathi zangempela ezifunyenwe ekufundeni, izibalo kunye nesayensi.
I-US ibhekene neemeko ezikhethekileyo ngokwemigomo yokubuyiselwa kwemfundo. Inkqubo yethu yesikolo yaqala ngezikolo zengingqi, ezommandla. Abazali kunye namalungu asekuhlaleni bahlangana kunye banquma ukuba nesikolo. Zonke izigqibo malunga nesikolo zenziwe ekuqaleni kwinqanaba lendawo, kubandakanywa nabani ababeza kufundisa, oko kwakuya kufundiswa, ngubani onokuya khona, imihla yekhalenda yesikolo kunye nokunye. Le nkqubo yenkqubo ivumela izikolo ukuba zifundise oko kwakudingeka khona. Ummandla, umzali oshukumisayo izikolo ziyinxalenye yelifa lethu lesizwe.
Ugxininiso lwengingqi lunehleko - iindawo ezahlukeneyo nezithili ezihlukeneyo zesikolo ziyahluka ngokubanzi kwizakhono ezifundiswa kubafundi. Ukuxhalaba ngekhwalithi yesikolo sethu yesizwe kukhokelela kolunye uvavanyo, uVavanyo lweSizwe loPhuhliso lwezeMfundo (NAEP) lukhutshwe njalo kwiminyaka emibili kumabakala 4-8 ukuthelekisa umgangatho wemfundo phakathi kwamazwe. Injongo yayikuthi iziphumo ze-NAEP zinokukunceda ukubonelela iinkcukacha kubaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo kazwelonke nakwendawo.
Le yilapho i-'ite 'yakho yokubala yokulinganisa yesizwe ivela khona. Pu nje, iziphumo ze-NAEP zibonise ukuba amanye amazwe (afana neMassachusetts) ahlala ephumelelayo xa ezinye iinjongo (njengeMississipi) zihlala ziphantsi. I-NAEP ephezulu eyenziwa kakhulu ibuye ikwazi ukuphumelela amanqaku e-PISA, ngelixa i-NAEP ephantsi yenzayo.
Oku kukukhokelela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokuguqulwa kwemfundo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Okwangoku, le yinto enye eqhuba iiMigangatho eziPhambili zeeNkcukacha zeSizwe (CCSS). I-CCSS ngumzamo wokufumana uhulumeni ngamnye ukuba afundise izakhono ezifanayo zokuncintisana ezifundiswe kumaziko aphezulu. Nangona amazwe afuneki ukuba asetyenzise okanye amkele i-CCSS ngokukodwa, ukuhlaziywa kwangoku kwi-Elementary and Secondary Education Ac t kufuna amazwe ukuba amkele imilinganiselo enzima njengeCCSS.
Imigangatho yeCCSS igubungela ukufunda, ukubhala kunye nezibalo - kungekhona isayensi. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuguqulwa kwezemfundo zenzululwazi ezikhoyo e-US ngoku.
Enye yindalo kunye nokuthotyelwa kweMigangatho yeSayensi yeSizukulwane esilandelayo . Le migangatho yenzelwe ukuzalisa iCCSS. Le migangatho igxininisa ukucinga nokuhlalutya, kunokuba ikhunjulwe. Ukukwazi ukucombulula iingxaki ezintsha kuyisakhono esiluncedo ngakumbi kwihlabathi elitshintshayo namhlanje kwaye ukhumbula ngeenkcukacha.
Ugxininiso kwi- STEM (isayensi, iteknoloji, ubunjineli kunye nezibalo) izakhono kunye nexesha elongezelelweyo ngexesha lomsebenzi wesikolo esetyenziselwa kwisayensi kunye nezibalo yinto enye yokuguqulwa kwemfundo eyenzelwa ukujonga ukukhula koqoqosho kwamva.
Izifunda ezahlukeneyo kunye nezithili zendawo zizama ukufumana iindlela zokwandisa ukufunda kwabafundi, ukwenzela ukuba wonke umntwana kuwo onke ama-US abe nokufikelela kwimfundo ephezulu eya kubalungiselela kwikamva.
> Imithombo:
> Eric A. Hanushek, uDean T. Jamison, uEliot A. Jamison noLudger Woessmann. "Imfundo kunye noKhula koQoqosho-iMfundo elandelayo." Imfundo elandelayo . I-Hoover Iziko, iLeland University yaseJunior, uMar.-Mar. 2008.Webhu. 07 Novemba 2016.
> "PISA - OECD." PISA - OECD . Umbutho woBambiswano loQoqosho kunye noPhuhliso, iWeb. 07 Novemba 2016.
> Ravitch, uDiane. "Okufuneka Ukwazi Ngezifundo Zamazwe Ovavanyo." IHuffington Post . TheHuffingtonPost.com, umhla wama-03 kuMatshi 2013. IWebhu. 07 Novemba 2016.