Umthetho wonke woMfundi oPhumeleleyo

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Kuthiwani nge-ESSA eyahlukileyo ngaphandle koMntwana ongashiyi?

Sonke siyazi ukuba i-2001 ayikho i-Child Child Left yaba yintloko enkulu yeendaba zesikolo malunga nama-50 eminyaka. Akukho Mntwana Okhohlayo emva koko ulandelwa ngu-2015 Wonke Umfundi we-Succeseds Act (i-ESSA.) Jonga kwii-slides ezilandelayo ukujonga indlela i-ESSA ilawula ngayo imiba yezemfundo eshintshileyo (njengeSikhulu esiqhelekileyo kunye novavanyo oluqhelekileyo ) kunye neendlela ezintsha zokuvala ukuphumeza isithuba phakathi kwabafundi besikolo saseburhulumenteni base-US.

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Yiyiphi i-ESSA Ethetha Ngomlinganiselo wovavanyo olumiselweyo

Ukwanda kwenani leemvavanyo ezilungelelanisiweyo ezibangelwa yiNtshontsho yeBantwana abangakhohlwayo ukudala ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kokuvavanywa kwabazali kunye nootitshala. Abagxeki bathi babekho iimvavanyo ezininzi, kunye nobukhulu obufanayo-uhlobo lonke lweemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo alukwazanga ukuthelekisa ngokuchanekileyo amaqela ahlukeneyo abafundi be-US. Ngexesha elifanayo, amaqela ezopolitiko kunye namaqela okuphendula ngokuxhaswa ngemali aqhubeka nokunyusa ukuvavanya ngomzamo wokulinganisa indlela izikolo kunye nootitshala abaqhuba ngayo kakuhle.

I-ESSA idinga ukuhlolwa koomasipala kumaBakala 3 ukuya ku-8, kwaye ubuncinane kanye esikolweni esiphakeme. Iinkcukacha kunye neemvavanyo zamanqaku kufuneka zihlanganiswe kwisikolo ngasinye kunye namaqela ahlukeneyo kwizikolo ezibhekwa njengengozi ephezulu.

I-ESSA iyancipha ekuhlolweni ngeendlela ezithile. Kufuneka ubuncinane amazwe asixhenxe aya kuvunyelwa ukuba aqhube iimvavanyo ezilungiselelwe zendawo ezikhethiweyo zendawo. I-Oregon ihlola iphothifoliyo yomsebenzi ukuba ithathe indawo yokufuna iimvavanyo zesikolo esiphakamileyo. Amazwe angaphinda athathe uMTHETHO okanye i-SAT yezivavanyo eziqhelekileyo zesikolo.

Amazwe aya kuthatha uxanduva olongezelelweyo xa ekulinganisa nokuba isikolo asiphumelelanga okanye siphumelele, ngoko ke uya kuthi akwazi ukufaka ezinye iindlela zokuphumelela kwabafundi ngokukongeza kwidata yokuhlola eyiyo.

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ImiGangatho yoLuntu oyiNtloko yoLuntu phantsi kwe-ESSA

ImiGangatho yoLuntu oyiNtloko yesiGaba (CCSS) yenye yezona zinto zithetha kakhulu ngenguqu kwimfundo kawonkewonke yase-US. Izikolo zikawonke-wonke zase-US zaqala ngokulawula okupheleleyo kwendawo, ezikhokelela kwinkqubo engabonakaliyo kunye neyoyiyo. Ukunyuka kwamagosa karhulumente ukwenzela ukuba uvumelaniswe kwisethi yemigangatho ephakamileyo esetyenziswe ngabo bonke amazwe amisa ingxabano enkulu, esekelwe ukwesaba kwekharityhulam kazwelonke kunye nokulahlekelwa kolawulo lwendawo ekufundeni.

Oku kwaxakiniswa xa iimfuno ezininzi zezemfundo zedolophu zifuna ukuba iindawo zibonisa ubungqina bokufumana ngokupheleleyo okanye kwiCSSSS. Sekunjalo, iSebe leMfundo lase-United States lihlale libambe ukuba ama-state kufuneka amkele imigangatho enzima, njengeCCSS, okanye enye into efana nobunzima ukuze ifumane imali yemali. I-ESSA ngoku iveza ngokucacileyo indima yeFed kwimigangatho. Isenzo sichaza ulwimi olufunekayo ukuba lube nemimiselo enzima, njenge-CCSS okanye i-set standards of riging standards - kodwa i-ESSA yongeza ubunzima kulokhu ngokuthintela urhulumente wesigqeba ekufuneni okanye ekukhuthazeni amazwe ukuba akhethe nayiphi na imigangatho yemigangatho, CCSS.

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Utshintsho kwiZikolo ezingaphumeleli, ukususela ekucaciseni ukuya kwi-Fixing

Akukho Mntwana Okhohloweyo Kususela kwidatha yokuhlola esetyenzisiweyo ukugqiba ukuba ngaba isikolo siphumelele okanye cha. Izikolo ezichasene nazo zijongene neemfuno ezahlukahlukeneyo ezigunyazisiweyo zombuso ukuphucula okanye ukujamelana nemilinganiselo yokugweba.

I-ESSA inikeza izikhokelo kunye nezixhobo malunga nendlela yokwenza isigqibo sokuba ngaba isikolo siphumelele okanye cha. Amazwe afuna ukukhetha iinjongo zokuphucula njengemilinganiselo ephuculweyo yeziphumo , amazinga okugqweswa kwezifundo, kunye nokuvalwa kweziphumo. Amazwe aya kufuneka ahlalutye izikolo ubuncinane kanye emva kweminyaka emithathu. Amazwe kunye nezithili ziya kujonga izikolo ezingaphumelekanga kunye neeprogram ezenzelwe ukuphucula.

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ULwimi lwesiNgesi, uLwimi lwesiLwimi kunye nolwimi lwaseMelika lwaseMelika

Eyona nto ephambili ibonelelwa kwi-ESSA yokuxhasa ngemali kunye nokulinganisa impumelelo yokufundisa abafundi abanolwimi oluphambili olungesiNgesi. Inkxaso kunye nezikhokelo zeenkqubo zesiNgesi ziye zatshintshwa kwicandelo layo kwisiqendu sesiGaba 1, esinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuphendula.

Le yindawo enye apho i-ESSA ibonakala ithatha uxanduva lokulawula kunye nokulawula, kunokuba iguqulwe kwiindawo nakwizithili zesikolo.

Ngokukodwa, i- ESSA ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-Universal design Learning (UDL) ekuphuculeni iimvavanyo. UDL ufundisa izicwangciso ezibonisa izinto ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze kufinyelele bonke abafundi . Nangona izicwangciso ze-UDL zisebenza kubo bonke abafundi, zenzelwe ukufikelela abafundi abafumana ukukhubazeka kokufunda kunye nokwahlukana, kuquka nabafundi beelwimi lwesiNgesi.

Isifundo se-UDL singabandakanya intshumayelo yevidiyo, ukufundwa kweencwadi zezifundo kunye nomsebenzi wokufanisa ikhompyutha ukufundisa izinto. Iindidi zefomathi zenza ukuba bonke abafundi bakwazi ukuqonda nokusebenzisa loo nto. I-ESSA ithi iedola zombuso zingasetyenziselwa ukuthenga iteknoloji yezicwangciso ze-UDL.

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Ugxininiso olutsha kwi-Pre-K

Akukho Mntwana Okhohlayo akazange aphendule kakhulu malunga neenkqubo zangaphambi kweK. I-ESSA idala iSibonelelo soPhuhliso lweSikolo soPhuhliso olusisigxina esenzelwe ukwandisa ukufikelela kuwo wonke kwiiprogram zokufunda ezisemgangathweni. Esi sibonelelo siza kuqhutywa yiSebe lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo yeNtlalo ngelixa likwabelana ngokubanzi kweenkqubo kunye neSebe leMfundo.

Abazali banokulindela ukubona ukwandiswa kweNhloko yeNtloko okanye iiprogram zangaphambili ze-pre-K ezijoliswe ekuncediseni abantwana ukulungiselela i-nursergarten. Ezi nkqubo zijolise kubantwana abavela kumakhaya aphantsi kwamakhaya okanye amanye amaqela asengozini yokuwa emva.

Ukwandiswa kweeprogram ze-pre-K zingaphakamisa ukhuphiswano phakathi kwe-K-yangasese. I-ESSA ikhuthaza ukuhlawula umvuzo wabafundi be-pre-K efana neyootitshala bebakala be-K-3 kwaye ifuna ukuqesha abanye ootitshala be-pre-K abanemvelaphi yemfundo eqinile. Ngokuphakamisa ibha kwiiprogram zoluntu, iinkqubo zangasese zinokugqiba ukuncintisana nokuphucula umvuzo kunye nemilinganiselo ephakamileyo yabafundisi be-pre-K.

Ukuba unomntwana ofanelekileyo kwiprogram yoluntu, i-ESSA kufuneka yenza kube lula ukuba ufumane kwaye ufinyelele ezi nkqubo eziphezulu. Ukuba uceba ukubhalisa umntwana wakho kwinkqubo yangasese, engekho yoluntu ngaphambili, uya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yenza umgudu wokulungiselela abantwana esikolweni.

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UkuVavanywa kootitshala kunye neemfundo

Akukho Mntwana Okhohlayo ophezu kwendlela yokuhlolwa koomsebenzi wootitshala ukuba afake ubungqina obuninzi nangaphezulu bokuphumelela kwabafundi. Oku kukhokelela ekuhlolweni kootitshala kunye nokuba nomvuzo wabo udibaniswe kumanqaku okuvavanya abafundi. Imibutho yootitshala ilwa nzima malunga nalokhu ngenxa yokukhathazeka ukuba amanqaku okuvavanya anokuthathwa yizinto ezininzi ezivela kolawulo lootitshala. I-ESSA ithatha ininzi yokunyanzelisa i-federal ukulungiselela amanqaku okuvavanya ukuba asetyenziswe ekuhloleni kootitshala.

Enye inkxalabo yindlela encinci apho kungekho Mntwana osekhohlo oye wazinikezela ukuba "indawo ephakamileyo". Umnqophiso weemfuno eziPhezulu ezifanelekileyo zijoliswe ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ootitshala kwizikolo ezifunekayo banemvelaphi yemfundo eqinile. Ngaphantsi kwe-ESSA, ootitshala kwezi zikolo bafanele bahlangabezane nazo zonke iziqinisekiso zelizwe kunye neemfuno zelayisenisi.

Lo ngowomnye ubuyela ekulawuleni kwinqanaba le-state phezu kolawulo lwe-federal. Amazwe angenza isigqibo sokugcina uhlobo olufanayo lokuvavanya okanye ukufumana esinye isakhelo. Oku kuya kubakho ekuphuhlisweni komgaqo-nkqubo wendawo wovavanyo lwatitshala. Abazali baya kufuna ukuqaphela indlela iindlela zokuvavanya ezichaphazela ngayo umgangatho wesikolo. Iindlela iindlela ootitshala abavavanywa ngazo zinokuchaphazela indlela abafundisa ngayo kunye namanani okubuyiswa kootitshala. Abazali kunye namalungu asekuhlaleni baya kufuna ukujonga le ngxaki yomgaqo-nkqubo.

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Isishwankathelo kunye nezihloko

I-ESSA kwaye akukho Mntwana osekhohlo Kwaye kwaba yimbuyekezo enkulu kwi-1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act - umthetho olawulayo ojongene nokunika umntwana wase-US imfundo esemgangathweni, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yinzuzo yentsapho, uhlanga okanye imvelaphi. Akukho Mntwana Okhohlo Emva kokudala ulawulo olubanzi lolawulo kunye nemilinganiselo ecaciswe ngokucacileyo yoluphi ulingano lwesikolo olufanele lubonakale. I-ESSA ibonakala ithatha inyathelo emva kwayo kwaye ivumela izifunda ze-zikolo nezikolo ukuba zenze isigqibo sokunika umntwana ngamnye imfundo yoluntu eqinile.

Umzali uya kufuna ukungahambisani nomgaqo-nkqubo wezemfundo kunye nemithetho kwizithili zabo zombuso nakwiindawo. Ngokubambisana ne-ESSA, ulawulo lweTrump liye lwabonisa umnqweno wokubuyela kwindawo engaphezulu yokulawula. Izikolo zikarhulumente ezilawulwa ngingqi ziyinxalenye eqinile kwimbali yesizwe sethu. Impumelelo yabo ihlala ixhomekeke ekubandakanyekeni koluntu. Isikhokelo kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabazali beendawo kunye noluntu luya kuqinisekisa ukuba izikolo zendawo zidibana neemfuno zabantwana kunye noluntu.

> "I-ESSA isusa" I-HQT "Iimfuneko - Ngokukhawuleza!" I-ESSA isusa "I-HQT" Imfuneko - Ngokukhawuleza! I-Oregon Education Association, 23 Meyi 2016. I-Web. 27 Feb. 2017.

> AmaSamuels, uKhristina A. "I-ESSA Spotlights Strategy yokufikelela kubafundi abahlukeneyo." Iveki yeMfundo . Np, 31 Oktobha 2016. IWebhu. 27 Feb. 2017.

> Isebe leMfundo le-US, i-Ofisi ye-Elementary kunye neSekondari, isiKhokelo soLungiso lweNkqubo yokuQala kwiNkqubo yoBufundi bonke abaSebenzayo : Ukwandisa amathuba okuxhasa abafundi abaselula kakhulu , iWashington, DC, ngo-2016.