Yiyiphi ingqiqo kunye neyiphi imizekelo? Ukuhluke njani oku kwiingcamango ezingabonakaliyo?
IiFom zokuHlola
Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokuqiqa: ikhonkrithi kunye ne-abstract. Bobabini babaluleke kakhulu ebomini imihla ngemihla, kodwa abaninzi abantu bangcono kolunye uhlobo lokuqiqa kunomnye. Abantwana abaneziphene zokufunda banokufumana kunzima kunabantwana abaqhelekileyo ukuqiqa ngengxaki ukufumana isisombululo.
Okungqinelaniyo Okuphikisanayo Ukuqiqa
Ukuqiqa ngokucacileyo kuquka ukucinga nokulawula iingcinga kunye neengcinga. Iingcamango ezingabonakali zingabalulekanga ngokubalulekileyo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla. Ngokomzekelo, ezo zakhono zibaluleke kakhulu zifuna ukuqiqa ngokucacileyo:
- Ulawulo lwexesha
- Ukuqonda isiseko se-geography (iingcamango zedolophu, ilizwe, ilizwe, njl.
- Ukugqiba iingxaki ze-arithmetic ngaphandle kwezandla zamandla (amanani angabonakaliyo xa engahambelani nezinto)
- Ukuxoxa ngeengcamango (iziganeko zamabali, ezopolitiko, inkolo, kunye neengcamango ezifana nenyaniso, ubulungisa kunye nentsebenziswano yonke into engabonakaliyo)
Ukuqiqa ngokuchanekileyo kubandakanya ukukwazi ukuhlalutya ulwazi kunye nokusombulula iingxaki kwizinga langempela ("ikhonkrithi"). Sisebenzisa ukuqiqa ngokuchanekileyo xa sicinga kwaye sisombulula iingxaki zezandla. Imisebenzi yokuqiqa ngokufanelekileyo iquka izakhono ezinjenge:
- Ulwazi olusisiseko lwamagama wezinto, indawo kunye nabantu
- Ukuqonda isizathu esibalulekileyo kunye nobudlelwane bokusebenza
- Ukuxazulula iingxaki ezingabandakanyi inkcazo, isalathiso, okanye ukufana okunzima
U mzekelo
Xa umntwana ekwazi ukucombulula idijigsaw puzzle usebenzisa izizathu ezicacileyo. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya:
- Ukwazi ukuchaza kwangaphambili umphumo wesiganeko somzimba ("kuya kwenzeka ntoni xa ndibeka le ibhola ukusuka ekuphakameni kweenyawo ezilishumi?")
- Ukukwazi ukufunda imephu nokuqonda iingongoma zekhampasi
- Ukukwazi ukufunda, ukuqonda nokusebenza kumathekisthi enyaniso (ukufunda nokulandela imiyalelo, ukufunda, kunye nokwakha kumzobo okanye umxholo, njl.).
- Ukukwazi ukubala nokwenza izibalo usebenzisa izinto okanye imifanekiso
Kubaluleka
Ukuqiqa ngokubalulekileyo kubalulekile kuba sisiseko solwazi. Abafundi badinga ukuqonda ngokucacileyo iingcamango zemfundo ezisisiseko kunye nokusombulula iingxaki. Oku kwenza ukuba bafunde iimvo ezintsha. Inceda ekufundeni kamva kuba inika abafundi ithuba lokuqhagamshelanisa iingcamango ezintsha kwiimbono ezifundwa ngaphambili. Oku kukhuthaza imemori yexesha elide elinamandla.
Ukuqiqa ngokuchanekileyo kwakhona sisixhobo esisisiseko sokuhamba ngehlabathi. Ngeengqiqo eziphathekayo, sinokulindela iziphumo (ukuba ndihamba phambi kwebhayisekile kule mzuzwana, amathuba aya kundibetha). Singakwazi ukulungisa iingxaki zobuchwepheshe ezivela kwansuku zonke (ukutya okufanelekileyo ukufikelela kwisikhwama sokutya, ukucwangcisa indlela eya kwindawo ozayo, usebenzisa isambulela xa imvula).
Ngelixa siva ezininzi malunga nokubaluleka kokuqiqa okungaqhelekanga, maxa wambi sele ukhohliwe ukuba ukuqiqa kwekhonkrithi kunika isiseko esiqinileyo apho ingqiqo engabonakali ingakhiwa khona.
Ukuba kukho iingxaki ngeengcamango eziphathekayo, ukuphuhliswa kwengcamango engabonakaliyo kuya kuba yingxaki.
Iminyaka yobuntwana ngaphandle kokukhubazeka kokufunda yinkqubela ngokubamba ngokucacileyo ukuqiqa ngokuchanekileyo okubangela ukucinga okungengqiqo njengokuba umntwana ekhula (ngokuphindaphindiweyo uneminyaka engama-12 ubudala)
Indlela yokuCabangela ingqiqo iyalinganiswa njani
Ukuqiqa ngokuchanekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa ekuhloleni ngokupheleleyo kobugcisa, okanye i-IQ. Uninzi lweemvavanyo zeengcaphephe ezongeziweyo luhlola ubuninzi beentlobo zobuchule bokuxazulula iingxaki, kuquka ukuqiqa ngokuchanekileyo. Uninzi lweemvavanyo zengqondo.
Izindlela zokunceda abantwana abanengqiqo yokuqiqa
Abafundi abanenkinga yokuqiqa ngokuchanekileyo banokuzuza kwiindlela ezininzi kunye nezinto ezibandakanya:
- Izindlela zokufundisa kunye nezinto ezifundisayo
- Ukulungelelaniswa kwabafundi abaneengxaki zolwimi
- Imidlalo yokuphucula imemori
- Unyango lo kuthetha
- Ulwaphulo lweelwimi
- Unyango
Ukuphuhlisa ukuqiqa ngokuchanekileyo kunokudlalwa kakhulu kumsebenzi. Ekubeni lolu hlobo lokuqiqa lubandakanya ukufumana isisombululo kwiintlobo zemihla ngemihla yeengxaki, ihlabathi linokuba ngumfundisi kunye nomfundisi. Ukuba umntwana wakho unenkxalabo yokuqiqa, impilo yakhe yasekhaya ingabalulekanga njengayiphi na imithi ephezulu ekuphuculeni izakhono zakhe. Ukuba uziva ukhululekile njengomzali, gcina ukhumbule ukuba baninzi abantwana banokufumana ubuninzi bezakhono zokuqiqa ezifanelekileyo: ngokuzonwabisa.
Imithombo:
Davis, T., Goldwater, M., noJer Giron. Ukusuka kwiiNgxelo zeKhetheke kwiiNtsebenziswano eziBambeneyo: I-Rostrolateral Prefrontal I-Cortex edibanisa iMiboniselo yeNobuninzi kwiintlobo zobudlelwane. Cerebral Cortex . 2016 Apreli 20. (Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta).