Uvavanyo lobunhloli luqikelelo lokusebenza kweengqondo ezikhoyo ngokuqhubekayo kwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo eyenzelwe ukuhlola iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqiqa. I-quotient ye-intelligence (IQ) yomfundi isilinganiswa ngokuhlolwa ngokulinganayo kunye novavanyo oluqhelekileyo .
Ubulumko buquka ukukwazi ukucinga, ukusombulula iingxaki, ukuhlalutya iimeko, nokuqonda imilinganiselo yoluntu, amasiko kunye nemigangatho.
Iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zengqondo zibandakanyeka kwiinkalo ezininzi zovavanyo:
- Intelligence Intelligence yikhono lokuqonda nokuxazulula iingxaki ezisekelwe kulwimi.
- Intelligence Nonverbal ubuchule bokuqonda nokuxazulula iingxaki ezibonakalayo kunye neendawo .
Ngezinye izihlandlo ubuhlakani bubizwa ngokuba yi-intelligence quotient (IQ), ukusebenza kwengqondo, ubuchule bokuqonda, ubuchule, izakhono zokucinga kunye nolwazi jikelele.
Kutheni Ubulumko Bokuvavanya Kubalulekile Abafundi Abakhubazekile ?
Uvavanyo lweengqondo luyenziwe ukuqonda kakuhle indlela umntwana angalindelwa ngayo ukuba ayenze kwaye ahlole iimfuno zabafundi.
- Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuhlolwa kweengcinga kuyadingeka yimimiselo yezemfundo esemthethweni ukuqinisekisa okanye ukulawula-ukukhubazeka kwengqondo nokuseka i-IQ ngenjongo yokufumanisa ukukhubazeka kokufunda.
- Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lovavanyo lweengcaphephe olulawulwayo, lunokunika ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nendlela abafundi abasombulula ngayo ingxaki.
- Ukuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo, ukuvavanywa kweengqondo kunceda ootitshala ukuba bakhulise imigaqo efanelekileyo eyenzelweyo kunye nezicwangciso zemfundo kwisicwangciso ngasinye sezemfundo (IEP).
Ziziphi iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zovavanyo lweengqondo?
Uvavanyo lwe-IQ luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokuvavanywa okuqhelekileyo. Baqhathanisa amanqanaba "oqhelekileyo" kumagumbi abo ngabanye abaneminyaka efanayo.
Iimvavanyo zobuhlakani (ezibizwa ngokuba zixhobo) zipapashwa ngeendlela ezininzi:
- Uvavanyo lweqela lolwazi luhlala luqukethe incwadana yokuvavanya iphepha kunye nokukhangela amanqaku amaphepha. Imiba yokuphumelela yeqela, ehlola imimandla yemfundo, ngamanye amaxesha ibandakanya umlinganiselo wokuqonda. Ngokubanzi, iimvavanyo zeqela azikhuthazwa ngenjongo yokuchonga umntwana onesiphene. Kwezinye iimeko, kunjalo, kunokuba luncedo njengemilinganiselo yokujonga ukuba ngaba kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo kwaye lunokunika ulwazi olusemgangathweni ngembali yengxelo yomntwana.
- Iimvavanyo zengqondo zodwa zingabandakanya iintlobo ezininzi zemisebenzi kwaye zibandakanya iincwadi zokuvavanya i-easel zokukhomba iimpendulo, iipuzzles nemisebenzi efana nemidlalo, kunye nemibuzo kunye neeseshingi zokuphendula. Ezinye imisebenzi zixesha. I-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (i-WISC) kunye neStanford Binet-Intelligence Scale, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Binet-Simon Test, yimizekelo yeemvavanyo zentelligence. Uvavanyo lweWISC lubandakanya imibuzo yeelwimi,, kunye nemisebenzi esekelwe ngempumelelo ngelixa uvavanyo lweStanford-Binet lunceda ukuxilonga abafundi abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
- Iimvavanyo zekhompyutha ziba zifumaneka ngokubanzi, kodwa njengabo bonke iimvavanyo, abahloli kufuneka baqwalasele iimfuno zomntwana ngaphambi kokukhetha le fomethi.
- Iimvavanyo zengqondo ezingabonakaliyo ezifana noVavanyo oluPhezulu loBulumko obungenanto (CTONI), uVavanyo lweNkqantosi ye-Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test - Uhlobo lwesiBini (UNIT2) lisetyenziselwa ukuhlola abafundi abaneengxaki zokucwangcisa ulwimi okanye abo abaneziNgesi. Kule mvavanyo, imisebenzi yenzelwe ukususa ingqondo yesigxina ekuvavanyeni kwamakhono okuqiqa kwengqondo kunye nokuhlukanisa nokuvavanya izakhono zokufunda ezibonakalayo zabafundi.