Abantwana bavelele ekuthengiseni utywala ngeendaba zentlalo, iividiyo, amabonwakude, amaphephancwadi kunye nomsakazo. Ushishino lotywala lugxotha izigidi zentengiso kwiidali ezizama ukuphazamisa ukhetho lwabantwana bakho kwaye ziphumelele ukunyaniseka kwazo. Basebenzisa amajelo edijithali kunye noluntu ngokufanelekileyo kwaye badibanise imigca phakathi kokukhangisa kunye nomxholo. Iimpawu ziselo yotywala zixhasa inkxaso imicimbi, imibutho, kunye nezizathu zokufumana amagama abo phambi koluntu, kubandakanya ulutsha.
Kukho isizathu saloo nto. Kukho izifundo ezininzi ezide zixhomekeke kulutsha oluthengisa utshatyalazo lotywala ukuba amathuba okuba abantwana baqale ukusela kusasa okanye ukuba sele beqalile ukusela, batye ngaphezulu. Uninzi lwabazali bafuna ukugcina abantwana babo besinxila ixesha elide kunokwenzeka. Ukuqala ukusela ngokukhawuleza kunokubangela iingxaki kungekudala nje xa ziselula, kodwa kwakhona kamva ebomini. Ukuxoxa ngeengozi zokusela kwangaphantsi kwesikolo sakho esikolweni esiphakathi okanye abantwana abaselula kukunyathelo ekukhuseleni kwiingcinezelo kunye nokulingwa kokusela.
Iziko lezoNxibelelwano lwezoTywala kunye noLutsha (i-CAMY) kwi-Johns Hopkins School Bloomberg School yezeMpilo yoluntu yindlela yokujonga i-alcohol alcohol kunye nezenzo zayo zokuthengisa. Oko uphando lwabo olufumeneyo lunokuphazamiseka kubazali bazama ukugcina abantwana babo besetyenziswe kakubi kweziyobisi.
Icandelo lotywala liye lazibeka ngokuzithandela umlinganiselo weepesenti ezingama-30 ngokwawo ngokweenqanaba labaphulaphuli abangaphantsi kweentengiso zayo, kodwa ukufundisisa emva kokufundwa kwe-CAMY kuye kwafumanisa ukuba ulutsha lwaseMelika lubonakaliswe kwiintengiso ezininzi.
Utywala lwezoTywala luyasebenza
Uphando lufumene ukuba abazali banesizathu esihle sokugutyelwa ngokuthengisa utywala. Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba kwi-dollar nganye i-shishini lotywala lichitha ukukhangisa ulutsha, abatsha abantu basela iipesenti ezi-3 ngaphezulu ngenyanga. I-adversi nganye ebonwe ngaba-1,872 abancinci abahlolisweyo yabangela ukunyuswa kweepesenti ezili-1 kwinani lezonxila ezidlulileyo kuloo nyanga.
Abantu abaselula kwiimarike apho kukho ukuthengiswa kotywala kotywala kubakho ukuqhubeka bephuza ukusela kwabo ngexesha elide baze batye umyinge weesiphuzo ezingama-50 ngenyanga nge-25 ubudala. Umgaqo-siseko kukuba, ukukhangisa abantu abatsha kubona, basela kakhulu.
Ukupapashwa kweZiko loLutsha oluThengisiweyo
Abaphandi beCAM bafumene ukuba ezininzi iintengiso zifakwa kumaphephancwadi ngobuninzi bokufunda ubutsha kunye nakwiifomatiza ezibhenkcezayo ukuya kwi-12 ukuya kwi-20 ubudala zizeziselo ezibhenela kubancinci abancinci. Iziphuzo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-low-alcoholic refreshers kunye ne "malternatives" zipapashwa ngokukodwa kwimarike yolutsha.
Ucwaningo lweminyaka emihlanu lweepapasho zokupapashwa lufumene ukuba iipesenti ezingama-23.1 zeentengiso kubantu abadala abadakayo zivela kumaphephancwadi ngobuninzi bokufundela ulutsha, kwaye phantse kabini loo nombolo (42.9 ekhulwini) yeentengiso zolwaphuzo ezinxilisayo zafakwa kumaphephancwadi afanayo.
Iifowuni zeeRadio zolutsha ezijoliswe
Olunye uhlolisiso lwentengiso yomsakazo lufumene ukuba abantu abaselula abaneminyaka eli-12 ukuya kwe-20 beva i-8% yeebhiya ngaphezulu kunye neentengiso kunye neepesenti ezili-12 ezingaphezulu kweentengiso kunokuba zikhulile. Ngokumangalisayo, ulutsha lwaliva iipesenti ezili-14 ezingaphezulu kwiintengiso zomoya onxilisayo okanye utywala obunzima.
Uphononongo lufumene ukuba iipesenti ezingama-73 zeentengiso zothutho zotywala zifakwe kwizikhululo ezineRhythmic Contemporary Hit, i-Pop Contemporary Hit, i-Urban Contemporary, kunye neyezinye izakhiwo, uhlobo lomculo oheha abantu abaphulaphuli abaphulaphuli abali-12 ukuya kwengu-20 ubudala. .
Amacandelo aLutsha olucacisiweyo
Ezinye iziphumo ziye zafumanisa ukuba iintengiso ze-alcohol zijoliswe kumaqela athile abonwa ngathi banokungakhuselekanga kumyalezo wokuthengisa. Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba iimpapasho zamaphephancwadi zijolise kumantombazana ngaphezu kwamakhwenkwe aneentengiso zebhiya kunye ne-ale, imimoya ephihliweyo kunye nokuhlaziywa kotywala.
Ulutsha olumnyama linye iqela elijoliswe ngoshishino lotywala. Uphononongo lweCAMY lubone ukuba abantombazana abamnyama bavelele kwiintengiso ezingaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-32 kumaphephancwadi, ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezili-17 kumabonwakude, kunye neepesenti ezingama-20 ezingaphezulu zentengiso kwi-radio. Uphando lwafumanisa ukuba imimandla yabantu abamnyama nabaseSpeyin baxhomekeke kakhulu kwiintengiso zorhwebo.
Amantombazana aseSpeyin aziva i-34 ekhulwini ibhiya kunye ne-ale ntengiso kwi-radio kunabantu abadala baseSpeyin.
I-Token Alcohol "Uxanduva" Iintengiso
Ubonile kwaye uva ukuthengiswa kwabathengisi bezobisi kukukhumbuza ngeengozi zokusela kwangaphantsi kunye nesilumkiso malunga nokusela nokuqhuba. Kodwa inyaniso yilezo ntengiso aziqabile.
I-CAM ifumene ukuba abaphuza ngaphantsi kwezidakamizwa babengama-400 amathuba okuba babone isikhangiso ngesiselo esithile sokunxila kunokuba babone okudakisa ukusela kwangaphantsi kunye nezihlandlo ezili-188 ngaphezulu ukuba zibonwe isikhangiso se-booze kunokuba isikhangiso sokushayela utshwala.
Uphononongo lufumene ukuba i-advert of alcoholics intensile "iimbopheleleko" zentengiso nge-226 ukuya ku-1.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Kule nkcubeko yanamhlanje, abazali abazama ukukhusela abantwana babo besuka ekunxilweni komntu ongaphantsi kokuphela kungekuphela nje ukuxhalabisa ngentshutshiso yontanga kodwa nangokuphathelele uxinzelelo oluvela kwishishini lotywala eligalela izigidi kwiintengiso ezithatha abantu abatsha. Awukwazi ukucinga ukuba umntwana wakho akazazi izinto ezahlukeneyo zezobisi kwaye akahambisani nokusetyenziswa kwangaphambili.
> Imithombo
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- > Jernigan D, Ross C, Ostroff J, McKnight-Eily L, Brewer RD. Ukunyanzeliswa kwentsha kwintengiso yotywala kumabonwakude - kwiimarike ezingama-25, eMelika. Ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokufa kweeVeki zeveki , 62: 997-880, 2013.
- > King, C. et al. "Ukuboniswa kweNtsholongwane yokuThengiswa koTywala kumaphephancwadi: UkuVavanywa kokuBhengezwa kweNtengiso ngokumalunga ne-Underage Youth Readership." Umbhalo wezeMpilo yabantwana. Disemba 2009.
- > Siegel M, Ayers AJ, Dejong W, Naimi TS, Jernigan DH. Ukwahlukahluka kokusetyenziswa kotywala kotywala phakathi kobutsha abaselula, ubulili, nohlanga / ubuhlanga - e-United States, ngo-2012. I-Journal of Material Usetyenziso . 2014; 20 (6): 430-438. i-doi: 10.3109 / 14659891.2014.942402.