Ukuzixhamla Amachiza Okwenziwe Ngamantombazana
Ukuba ungumzali wentombazana yentombazana, mhlawumbi ucinga ukuba akunakuncipha ukuba umntwana wakho athathe inxaxheba kwiziyobisi nokusela utywala kunokuba umfana wakhe nje ngokuba abafana banokungena enkingeni kunamantombazana. Ingxaki kukuba, uphando aluxhasi loo mbono.
Ngokwezinzululwazi, amantombazana amantombazana anesifo esithile ekuphuhliseni iingxaki zotywala kunye neziyobisi ngenxa yokunyamekela kwabo ukunyanzeliswa koontanga, kunye namantombazana amantombazana asekunokwenzeka ukuba abe neengxaki zengqondo xa beba neengxaki zokusebenzisa iziyobisi.
Amantombazana eninzi mhlawumbi ukuzicoca
Akukho mzali ofuna ukucinga ukuba umntwana uya kusebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, kwaye abaninzi babo bacinga ukuba akuyi kwenzeka kwintsana yabo . Ngelishwa, iifomati zithetha ibali ehlukileyo.
Uphando olwenziwa yi-Partnership ye-DrugFree.org yaseMelika (ngoku i-Partnership kwi-DrugFree.org) yabona ukuba amantombazana amantombazana asemngciphekweni weengxaki zokusetyenziswa kakubi ngokweziyobisi mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba baninzi ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye neziyobisi kumayeza.
Amantombazana abone 'Iinzuzo' zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
Ngokutsho kwenkcazelo yophando ngoBambiswano, amantombazana amantombazana, ngaphezu kwamakhwenkwe, ayaqonda ukuba luncedo lokusebenzisa iziyobisi kunye notywala. Bacinga ukuba iziyobisi zingabancedisa ukuba zijongane neengxaki zabo, ngokutsho koPhando lwe-Attitude Tracking Study (2009).
Ezinye zeziphumo zokufunda malunga namantombazana asetsheni zibandakanya:
- Ama-68% amantombazana athi, "ukusebenzisa iziyobisi kunceda abantwana bajongane neengxaki ekhaya" (ukusuka ku-61% ngo-2008).
- Ama-53% athi izidakamizwa zancedisa ulutsha ukulibala iingxaki zabo (ukusuka kuma-48% ngo-2008).
- I-59% yabantombazana abaselula bayichaza ukusebenzisa kotywala (ukususela kuma-53% ngo-2008).
- Ukusetyenziswa kwegogu kwanda i-29% ukususela ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2009.
Ukukhathazeka okungakumbi, uphando lwe-PATS lufumene ukuba isimo sengqondo samantombazana malunga neziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni sitshintsha. I-77% kuphela yabantombazana abaselula bayacinga ukuba i-Ecstasy ingaba ngumlutha (ukusuka kuma-82% ngo-2008) kwaye kuphela ama-33% amantombazana athi "abafuni ukuxhoma abasebenzisi beziyobisi."
Amantombazana aninzi athathwe ngabahlobo bokusela
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zafumanisa ukuba abatsha abahlobo abaselayo banako ukusela, kodwa le mpe mbelelo inokuba yomelele ngakumbi kumantombazana, isifundo seYunivesithi yaseVirginia ye-Commonwealth ye-4 700 amawele afunyenwe. Abafana abesilisa kunye nabasetyhini abaneentlobo zesini kunye nabahlobo abaselayo banako ukusela.
Abaphandi bavavanya iinjongo ezimbini zokuphuhliswa kokuziphatha kunye neengxaki zempilo ezivela eFinland ukuhlalutya ubudlelwane phakathi kobuhlobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala.
Uxinzelelo lweNdalo ngundoqo
"Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba amantombazana angase athathwe kakhulu ukusela," watsho umlobi okhokelayo uDanielle Dick kwiindaba ezikhululwayo, "kwaye ukuba nabahlobo bobulili obuchasene nabo baphuze nabo banxulumene nokuphuza ukwanda, kuba besini. Uhlalutyo olususela kwimfuyo lubonisa ukuba ukulungisana phakathi kwentsha kunye / okanye ukusela umhlobo kubangelwa ikakhulu kwimiphumo eyahlukileyo yemvelo kwindoda.
"Oku kubonisa ukuba umbutho phakathi kokusetyenziswa kotywala komntwana osemntwaneni kunye noontanga lwakhe akubonakali nje ngeempembelelo zofuzo ekusebenziseni utywala olutsha olwenza ukuba bakhethe oontanga."
Amantombazana eninzi mhlawumbi abe neengxaki ezibangelwa yi-Co-Occurring Disorders
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye nokuPhathwa kweeNkonzo zezeMpilo zeNgqondo kubone ukuba amantombazana aneminyaka engama-12 kuya ku-17 ayenawo amathuba okuqala ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kakubi kwiminyaka engaphambili, mhlawumbi abe neengxaki ezibandakanyekayo kunye nokuba baninzi ukuxela i-alcohol okanye i-inhalants njengento ukusetyenziswa kakubi, kunokuba amakhwenkwe athile.
Ingxelo yeSAMHSA ibonise kwakhona:
- Amaphesenti angama-23 amantombazana ayenenkinga yokubambisana, xa kuthelekiswa neepesenti ezingama-18 zabafana.
- I-Marijuana yayisisisiseko sokusetyenziswa gadalala ngamaphesenti angama-72 amakhwenkwe, kodwa kuphela ama-51 ekhulwini amantombazana.
- Utywala yiyena mveliso ephambili ye-23 ekhulwini yamantombazana kunye namaphesenti angama-16 emakhwenkwe.
- I-Cocaine, i-opiates, kunye nezinye iziyobisi zenza iipesenti eziyi-14 zamkelwa kwamantombazana kunye neepesenti eziyi-8 kubafana.
- Amantombazana ayengaphezulu kunokuba amakhwenkwe angene kunyango ngaphambi kokuba aneminyaka eyi-16 ngotywala (iipesenti ezingama-44 kunye neepesenti ezingama-30 zamadoda) kunye ne-marijuana (iipesenti ezingama-47 kunye ne-39 ekhulwini).
- Amakhwenkwe ayengenako ukufumana unyango ngeenkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho - iipesenti ezingama-55 kuthelekiswa ne-39 yamantombazana.
- Ukwamkelwa kwabamkelwayo okubhekiswe kumntu ngamnye, njengelungu lentsapho, kwakuqhelekileyo kumantombazana (ama-21 ekhulwini) kunamadoda (iipesenti ezili-16).
Oko Abazali Bangakwenza
Ukuze uzame ukugcina abantwana bakho, ngokukodwa amantombazana, kude nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, abaphandi bacetyisa ukuba ubeka ingqalelo kwiintombi zakho kunye neengxaki zempilo yengqondo xa ujongana neengxakini kunye neengxaki. Ukuba abazali bacinga ukuba abantwana babo bazama ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, kufuneka bathathe inyathelo ngokukhawuleza, abaphandi bathi.
Abazali nabo kufuneka baqaphele abahlobo babo, kunye nendlela abachitha ixesha labo kunye ngayo. UDick uthi, "Ukwazisa, kubaluleke kakhulu kumantombazana, kwaye xa iqela lomhlobo libandakanya ngamalungu esini esahlukileyo."
Abazali nabo kufuneka baqaphele ukuba amantombazana asetsheni anako ukusela utywala kunye neziyobisi ukukhuthaza ukuzithemba kwabo, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokujamelana neengxaki, ngoko ke ezo zidingo maziqwalaselwe ngamanye, iindlela ezinempilo.
Imithombo:
Dick, DM, et al "Ukwahlukana kobulili kwiintlobo zabahlobo" Iimpembelelo kwi-Adolescent Drinking: I-Genetic Epidemiological Study. " Utywala: Uphando lwezonyango kunye novavanyo lukaDisemba 2007
Intsebenziswano ye-American Free Free. " Amantombazana aseNtshwankqeni: Ukunyuka kakhulu ekusebenziseni utswala nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ." Julayi 2010.
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zezeMpilo yengqondo. I- Adolescent Treatment Admissions ngeGender: 2005 . I-DASIS Report ngoMeyi 2007