Yintoni into yokuqala efika engqondweni yakho xa umntu ebuza, "Unjani umntwana wakho ekunceliseni?" Ukuba ufana nabaninzi besifazane, impendulo yakho ijongene nokuba ubisi obunjani kwaye kwaye kaninzi kangakanani umntwana ebele. Akukho mntu oza kuthetha ngomlomo womntwana, intloko, kunye nentamo yomzimba, kodwa yilapho iqala inkqubo yokutya.
Umsebenzi walo mmandla womzimba womntwana unako ukwenza okanye ukuphula amava onke okufumana ukutya. Abadlali abakhulu kukuba:
- Umgudu womnxeba : Le yindlela ehamba phambili yomoya, eyanceda ekuhlambuluzweni nasekuphuculeni ngaphambi kokungena emiphakeni. Ngaphambili, le ndawo ijikelezwe yintliziyo (inzima, i-tissu elastic) inxalenye yempumlo. Ngaphantsi kwempumlo, isalathisi esinzima sinikela umda oqinile phakathi kweengcongolo zomlomo nezomlomo.
- Umlomo womlomo : Oku kunendima ebalulekileyo ekungenikeni kokutya. Uphelelwe ngumda kunye nophantsi komlomo, umlomo kunye nezihlathi.
- I-Pharynx : Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ugxininisa kwaye uhlale uvulekile, obaluleke kakhulu ukuphefumula.
- ULarynx
- Trachea
- Isophagus
Iimpawu ezingavumelekanga zomlomo ezinokuthi zingadluli ngokubeleka
- I-flaft palate okanye lipomo : Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zemilenze - i-lip, i-palate, okanye i-palate kunye nomlomo. Ingxaki yokutya ivela kumntwana ongenako ukudala umlomo womlomo otywinekileyo ukuvelisa.
- I-frenulum emfutshane : Ikwabizwa nangokuthi "ulwimi oluthile" okanye "ulwimi olufutshane."
- Ukutshintshela umhlathi okanye ulwimi : Uphawu lokutshilwa kwelokuba xa izihlathi zentsana zichithwe okanye yenza isandi sokuqhafaza xa uncelisa. Ezinye iindlela zokuphucula imeko zibandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba intloko nentloko yomntwana ihambelana ngokufanelekileyo; ukwenza umzimba apho uphaphaza kwaye usebenzise uxinzelelo kulwimi ukusuka kwinqonga ukuya emva; Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane kwinqweba le-ingono, ingxowa ye-silicone eguquguqukayo eguguzele umlenze womama ukunyusa.
- I-Micrognathia : Le yincinci okanye "inqatshelwe" umhlathi ophantsi. Kwangaphandle komzimba, isangqa sibukeka siphindwe. Emlonyeni, ulwimi lubekwe phambili emva kokubhekiselele kwisigidi somlomo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ihambelana nobunzima obubunjiweyo obubunjwa be-U kunye no-Pierre-Robin ngokulandelana kakubi. Ngomhlathi omncinci okanye ogqityiweyo, ulwimi alukwazi ukuza phambili ngokwaneleyo ukuba lubekwe ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kweengono. Ukongezelela, umhlathi osezantsi ungasayi kubeka kakuhle ukunyanzelisa i-areola ukukhangela ubisi oluvelisayo. Inkqubo enye enokukunceda ngokunyathela ngokunyanisekileyo phantsi komhlathi.
Iingxaki zokuphumelela
- Ubuthongo obusana : Izizathu ezimbalwa ezinokwenzeka ukuba oku kwenzekayo yimiba yezonyango ; umntwana usenokungabonakali; okanye ubisi bakho "buza kungena." Nangona kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba kutheni umntwana wakho elele, kubaluleke ngokufanayo ukusebenzela iindlela zokuvusa .
- Unomntwana osweleyo : Ngokuqhelekileyo, isifuba siphumela rhoqo emlonyeni womntwana, ingakumbi xa umama eshiywe kancane. Kwakhona, ubisi luphuma emlonyeni womntwana xa ekhusela. Ubuthakathaka obubanzi bunokuba ngumthelela, okanye umntwana unokufumana iingxaki zokuphefumula okanye zokunyamezela. Bobabini bancedisa umntwana ukuba anelise ngamandla kwaye ukwandisa ukuhamba kweebisi ziihluthulelo zokutshintshwa obuthathaka. Ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuba i- latch-on and the positioning correct, udama kunye nenkxaso yesikhokelo kubalulekile.
- Ukuqaliswa kakubi kokusondeza : Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezicacileyo ezi zinto ziza kuba nzima kunene. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntwana uya kubonisa ukugqithisa okugqithiseleyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni umbandela, kubalulekile ukuba iingxaki zifumana unyango. Ukulawula ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo kufezekiswa ngokunika inkxaso yenkxaso yomzimba yonyana kunye nokulawula intloko ngokubeka indawo efanele. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuncedisa umntwana ngokuvalwa komlomo ngokuxhaswa komhlathi wenkxaso.
- Ukubambisa, ukubetha okanye ukuphendula ngokuqinisekileyo : Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana usexhaswa kakhulu njengoko oku kudla ngokuxhomekeka kwiitoni ezingasebenzi. Ezinye iindlela zonyango ziquka "umdlalo womlomo," okanye unike umntwana ithuba lokufumana ulwazi oluninzi lomlomo (ukunondla, ukuchukumisa) ukwandisa ulwazi malunga noko umlomo ungakwenza. Ukukhuthazwa ebusweni kuya kunceda ukufezekisa le njongo.
- Ukuphakama kolwimi olugqithiseleyo : Isalathiso seelwimi siphakanyiswa ngokumelene nesilonda esinzima, nje emva kwendawo yomlomo apho iziseko zamazinyo kufuneka zibe khona. Kule meko, ukubeka isifuba emlonyeni kuyinkinga.
- Ulwimi lokukhupha okanye ukunyusa : Unye unyango luquka ukufaka isinyanzelo, uxinzelelo olungaphantsi kolwimi ukuluqhawula phantsi nangaphandle. Enye inqubo ukuhamba iminwe yakho emva kolwimi ukufezekisa injongo enye.
- Ukungabi nendawo yokupaka iilwimi : Iyona ndlela yonyango yokwenza "yongenelelo," okanye ukufundisa abafumana izilwanyana ngolwimi ukuze baphendule kwi-stimulus. Oku kubandakanya ukubeka uxinzelelo olungaphantsi kwimizuzu emibini yolwimi kunye nokukhwaza kancane. Ingqinqa, iqhosha elichanekileyo linokukunceda, ngoko ke ingcebiso yesikhumba inganconywa .
- Ukugqithisa kwejubane eligqithiseleyo : Iintsana ziya kubonisa ukutyana okutyunjweyo kwibele kunye nokulahleka kokutsalwa kunye nesidingo esiphindayo sokuthi "ukuyeka." Ukunceda le meko, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukubeka indawo kuchanekile kwaye ukuba unina unikeza umhlathi womntwana kunye nesondlo senkxaso.
- Ukuvula umlomo onganeleyo : Kukho izizathu ezininzi zezi zinto, kodwa ngokubhekiselele kwisimo somntwana sokulumka okanye umhlathi wentsimbi. Ezinye iindlela zokunceda imeko ingaba: ukulungiswa kwimeko yomntwana; qalisa i-reflex; ukuncedisa ukuvula umlomo; ku thintela umhlathi.
- Gags : Indlela eyona ndlela yonyango yonyango.
- I-tone ephantsi okanye ephakamileyo ye-muscle : Iintsana zichazwa "zinzima ukumbamba" okanye "ziqhekeza kumama."
Iintsana Zengaphambi Kwexesha kunye Neengxaki Zokuxhamla Ezihlangeneyo
Ukuba umntwana wakho usemva, unokuqaphela ukuba unomxholo wezinto ezinamisayo. Eziqhelekileyo zezi:
- Iimeko ezingalungelelananga okanye ezingekho kakuhle
- Isitywina somlomo
- Ulwimi olungenakukhubazeka ukubunjwa okanye ukuhamba
- Uzinzo oluzinzileyo lwesitramu sangaphakathi
- Iingxaki zivumelanisa ukunwa kwaye ziginye ngokuphefumla
- Ubunzima bokukhupha nokuhlala uqaphile kwibele
- Ukulawulwa okuphantsi kwesithuba
- Ukutshatyalaliswa
Omnye ubonakele ukuxhamla kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwintsana i-Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (i-RDS). Oku kunokuba nempembelelo embi kwondlo kunye. Iintsana ezine-RDS zinzima ukuvumelanisa ukunyana, ukugwinya nokuphefumula. Akunakukwazi ukumelana nokutya okude kunye nokukhathala lula. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana akanakho ukutya okunesondlo.
Imithombo:
Arvedson JC kunye noBrdsky L. Iintsholongwane zokugwinya nokutya: Ukuhlola nokulawula. I-San Diego: Unye. 2002.
Cherney LR. Ulawulo lwezonyango lwe-dysphagia kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Inkcazelo yesi-2. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen. 1994.
UWolf L kunye neGrazil R. Ukutya nokugwinya iingxaki kwiintsana: Uvavanyo nolawulo. I-Tucson, AZ: unyango lwezakhono zakhiwo. 1992.