Ukunyanzeliswa kwezoNyango kwiBeastfeeding
Ukuncwina kunceda abo bobabini kunye neentsana, kunye neengcali zincoma ukuncelisa ibele kuphela kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala zobomi bomntwana. Kodwa, ngelixa phantse bonke abesetyhini banokubanyelwa, kukho inani elincinci labamama abangenako okanye abangayi kunyanga abantwana babo. Kungenzeka ukuba unina akakwazi ukuvelisa ubisi olusilungileyo , okanye mhlawumbi kufuneka athathe unyango okanye angene unyango olungaphephile ngexesha lokuncelisa .
Kukho neemeko ezimbalwa zonyango ezingahambelani nokuncelisa. Kwezinye iimeko, kunokwenzeka ukuba upompe kwaye unikeze umntwana ngobisi lwebele ebhotile okanye ukuyeka ukuncelisa ukubelesa okwesikhashana uze uqalise kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, umntwana akufanele athole naluphi na ubisi lwebele, nokuba ibhotile okanye ngokuncelisa. Nazi izizathu zokuba abanye abafazi abanako okanye abanakuze bancelise.
Ukunikezelwa Kwemveliso Yomzimba Ophantsi Kwebisi
Ipesenti encinci yabasetyhini abafuna ukumncelisa ayinako ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kokukhwabanisa okanye ukunikezelwa ngobisi lwebele oluphantsi . Ubunini bexabiso lobisi oluncinci luqhelekileyo lubangelwa yimeko ephantsi. Ngonyango, ezinye iimeko zingalungiswa, ngoko unina unako ukuqhubeka nokwakha ubisi . Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingxaki azikwazi ukuzityululwa. Izizathu zokubonelela ngobisi obuncinci kubandakanya:
- Izicubu ezingapheliyo zamathambo (amabele ase-hypoplastic)
- I-Polycystic ovary syndrome (i-PCOS)
- Hypothyroidism
- Utyando lwebele lwangaphambili olufana ne-mastectomy okanye ukutyunjwa kwebele
- Ngaphambi kokunyanga kwamayeza omhlaza wesisu
Ukuba unobisi oluncinci lobisi, ungenakwenzeka ukuba uncelise kuphela. Umntwana wakho mhlawumbi kufuneka athathe ifomula yobusana okanye ubisi lwe-breast milk for the fulfillment of most of his needs.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuncelisa kunika okungaphezulu nje kokutya, ngoko unako ukubeka umntwana kwisifuba. Amantombazana amaninzi kunye nabantwana abakhulileyo bancelisa induduzo kunye nokhuseleko . Kwaye, nangona unokuba nobisi oluncinci kakhulu, naluphi na umlinganiselo onokukunika umntwana wakho luhle kuye.
Ukuxhomekeka kweeDrugs ezingekho mthethweni
Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni akuhambelani nokukhulelwa, ukuncelisa, okanye umzali. Ngaphandle kokungekho mthethweni, iziyobisi zeprato ziyingozi kumama nomntwana wakhe. Iziyobisi zingena kubisi lwebele kwaye zidlulisele umntwana. Xa iintsana zifumana iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ngotshani lwebisi, kunokubangela ukukhubeka, ukulala, ukunyusa ukutya, iingxaki zokukhula, umonakalo wegazi, kwanokufa. Ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokuzonwabisa kwenza umama usengozini yokufumana izifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana ne-HIV kunye ne-HTLV kwaye uyonakalisa amandla akhe okunyamekela umntwana wakhe. Oomama abasebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuncelisa banokuzithoba enkingeni ngomthetho baze balahlekelwe ukugcinwa kwabantwana babo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abasebenzisi bokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi bangakwazi ukuncelisa. Abo bafunyenwe okanye bangonyango lokuphulukana, okwangoku abanamachiza kunye nentsholongwane kaGawulayo, kufuneka baxoxe ngesifiso sabo sokuncelisa nabanikezeli babo bezempilo.
Amachiza
Amachiza amaninzi ahambelana nokuncelisa, kodwa ezinye azikho. Ezinye izidakamizwa zonyango zingalimaza umntwana, kwaye ezinye iimyeza zingabangela ukwehla kwonikezelo lobisi . Thetha ugqirha ngaphambi kokuba uqalise unyango olutsha kwaye uhlale utshela ugqirha ukuba uncelisa. Ukuba kufuneka uthathe amayeza, cela ukuba ukhuselekile ukuyisebenzisa ngelixa uncelisayo okanye ukuba kukho enye indlela ekhuselekileyo.
Amanye amayeza ahambisani nokuxeliswa ngamachiza e-chemotherapy, imishanguzo ye-antiretroviral, iododay i-radioactivity, ezinye izidakamizwa, amayeza athatywayo kunye namayeza angabangela ukulala nokuphefumula.
Amachiza anokunciphisa ubisi lwebele lubandakanya imishanguzo ebandayo kunye ney sinus equle i-pseudoephedrin kunye neentlobo ezithile zokulawula ukuzalwa kwe- hormonal .
Izifo ezithathelwanayo
Izifo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ziphathwa kwaye ziphazamise ukuncelisa okanye ukulimaza umntwana. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izifo ezimbalwa ezithathelwanayo ezinokudluliselwa kumntwana ngokusebenzisa ubisi lwebele kunye nomngcipheko wokudluliselwa kwegazi ogqithiseleyo izibonelelo zokuncelisa. Ezi meko ziquka:
- Intsholongwane kaGawulayo: Intsholongwane ye -immunodeficiency virus (HIV) yintsholongwane eyenza i-immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ifumaneke. Unina onentsholongwane kaGawulayo unako ukudlulisela intsholongwane kumntwana wakhe ngokuncelisa kunye nobisi lwebele. Ekubeni i-AIDS ayinakho unyango, unina onentsholongwane kaGawulayo akafanele abelethe ukuba uhlala kwindawo yehlabathi apho kukho enye indawo ephephile. Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe apho kungenakwenzeka khona ukukhutshelwa okukhuselekileyo, ukuxiliswa kuphela kunokunconywa.
- I-HTLV: Ubomi be-T-cell lymphotropic virus (i-HTLV-1) yintsholongwane engakhokelela kwi-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma. Isifo se-T-cell lymphotropic virus (i-HTLV-2) ingabangela ingxaki yengqondo kunye nemiphunga. Ezi zintsholongwane zingabangeli nayiphi na impawu, kodwa ziimeko zokuphila ezingekho nonyango. Ekubeni i-HTLV-1 ne-HTLV-2 ingadlulela kumntwana ngokusebenzisa ubisi lwebele, umntwana akufanele ancelise. Nangona, uphando lubonisa ukuba ii-HTLV-1 iiseli zingatshatyalaliswa ngokubanda kunye nobungqingili bebisi yobisi xa ubisi luqabile kwiqondo elibushushu -4 degrees F (-20 C) okanye ngaphantsi kweeyure ezili-12.
- Ukusuleleka kwesifo sofuba: Isifo sofuba (TB) intsholongwane yebhaktheriya kwimiphunga. Iyadluliswa ngamaconsi okuphefumula, kungekhona ngokuncelisa okanye ubisi lwebele. Nangona kunjalo, unina unako ukunika isifo sofuba kumntwana ngokukhwehlela, ukukrazula nokuthintela. Xa umama ene-TB ekhutheleyo, kodwa umntwana wakhe akafanelekanga, akafanele abe nobudlelwane obusondeleyo nomntwana wakhe kwaye ngoko akufanele ancelise. Kodwa, ekubeni isifo sesifo sofuba singasetshenziswanga ngobisi lwebele, umntwana usenokufumana ubisi lwebele olugqumbileyo kuze kube lula ukuba uncelise emva kweveki ezimbini zonyango. Xa bobabini kunye nomntwana benesifo sofuba, banokuhlala kunye ngexesha lotyando, kwaye umntwana unokuncelisa.
- I-Herpes kwisifuba: I- Herpes ayidlulanga ubisi lwebele, ngokokuba izilonda zingekho kwibele, naziphi na izilonda kwezinye iindawo zomzimba zigqityiwe, kwaye ukuhlamba izandla kuyenziwe, kukhuselekile ukuba uncelise. Nangona kunjalo, xa kukho izilonda ezinomdla kwibele, ukuncelisa kuyingozi. I-virus ye-herpes ingaba yingozi kumntwana.
Xa umntwana engenakunqanda
Uninzi lweentsana lunamncelisa. Nangona iintsana ezizalwe ngeempawu zokuzalwa ezinjengokuqala kwintlupheko, isilumko somlomo kunye nesifo, okanye i-down syndrome abangenako ukuthabatha isifuba kwangoko bangathatha ubisi lwebhokhwe e-bhotile . Ngomonde, ixesha, kunye noncedo, ezi ntwana ziqhubeke ziza kubelelwa ngempumelelo. Kuphela xa usana luzalwa lunezimbalwa ezinqabileyo zemizimba yokuncelisa i-genetic ezingenakwenzeka. Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha umntwana usengakwazi ukuncelisa. Ezi meko ziquka:
I-Galactosemia yeClassic: iGalactosemia yinto yokukhubazeka komzimba ukuphula i-galactose. I-Galactose yinxalenye yobisi ishukela i-lactose, kwaye i- lactose iyona ushukela ophezulu ebisi lwebele . Ngoko ke, ukuba uvavanyo lwe-galactosemia ye-classic, aluyi kuncancisa okanye athathe ubisi lwebele ebhotile. Umntwana uya kufuna i-formula ekhethiweyo kunye ne-galactose-free food njengoko ekhula ukukhusela iingxaki ezinjenge- jaundice , ukuhlanza , isifo sohudo , iingxaki zokuphuhlisa ixesha elide kunye nokufa.
Ifom ye-galactosemia ibizwa ngokuba yi-Duarte's galactosemia. Abantwana abane-galactosemia yeDuarte bangaphula i-galactose. Ngaphantsi kokunyamekela ngokugqithiseleyo ngugqirha onguchwepheshe obunzima bokungabonakali, kunokusenokwenzeka ukuba uncelise xa uzalisekisa nefomula ye-galactose. Ugqirha uya kubeka iliso kwizinga le-galactose yabantwana rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bahlala phantsi kolawulo.
I-Phenylketonuria (PKU): Usana olunePKU alukwazi ukuphula i-phenylalanine, i-amino acid. Ukuba i-phenylalanine yakha emzimbeni womntwana, inokubangalisa umonakalo wengqondo. Ngoko ke, iintsana kunye ne-PKU zidinga ukutya okuphantsi kwe-phenylalanine. Kukho uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweesana kwiintsana ezinePKU. Kodwa, ekubeni ubisi lwebele lubuncinane kwi-phenylalanine, umntwana ophethe iPKU unokukwazi ukudibanisa ukondla nokufomula ifom ekhethekileyo. Isixa sokuncelisa kufuneka silawulwe, kwaye umntwana kufuneka abe nomsebenzi wegazi rhoqo kunye nokubeka iliso.
Isifo sesiraphu yesifo se-urine: Umntwana ozalwe ngesifo se-urine isisulu se-urine asikwazi ukuphula i-amino acids leucine, isoleucine, kunye ne-valine. Xa la ma-amino acids eqokelela kwigazi lomntwana, anike isiphuphuphu esiphunga elimnandi kwi-maple ebonakalayo kumchamo, i-ear, ne-sweat. Ukwakhiwa kwezi-amino acids kungabangela ubuthongo, ukutya okubi, ukuhlanza, ukuxhamla, ukuhlaselwa, nokufa. Ukuzalisekisa iimfuno zesondlo somntwana, ugqirha uya ku-oda i-formula ekhethekileyo yesana engenayo i-amino acids leucine, i-isoleucine, i-valine. Ugqirha unakho ukucebisa ngokunyanzelisayo ukuba isalana sesibisi sebele sisilinganiswe kakuhle kwaye umntwana uhlolisiswe ngokuthe ngqo.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Wonke umama kunye nosana uhlukile, kwaye kunjalo nayo yonke imeko yokuncelisa. Ukuba ufuna ukumncelisa, kodwa uxelelwa ukuba awukwazi okanye awufanelekanga, kungonakalisa. Kulungile ukuziva unomsindo okanye udabukile kwaye uthathe ixesha lokusebenza ngeemvakalelo zakho. Kusenokuba luncedo ukuthetha ngeemvakalelo zakho nodokotela wakho, lakho iqabane okanye umntu othembela kuye.
Njengoko kunzima kunokwenzeka, zama ukukhumbula ukuba ukunyamezela akuyona yodwa indlela yokubonelela ngesondlo kunye nokwakha ubuhlobo obusondeleyo nomntwana wakho. Ingane yakho inokufumana ukutya okunomsoco ekufuneni ubisi lwebunikelo, ubisi lwefesana, okanye ifom ekhethekileyo yentsana. Ukubambisana kunye nokudibanisa kuya kuqinisa ixesha elifanelekileyo xa ubamba umntwana wakho, uthethe naye, thuthuzele, kwaye uyamondla ngebhotile. Ngenxa yokuba awukwazi okanye awufanele uncelise ilanga akuthethi ukuba awukwazi ukuba ngumama omkhulu kwaye unomntwana onoyolo, onempilo.
> Imithombo:
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> Jansson LM. I-ABM kliniki yomgaqo-nkqubo # 21: Izikhokelo zokuncelisa kunye nomfazi oxhomekeke kweziyobisi. Utywala. 2009 Dec 1; 4 (4): 225-8.
> IProgram ye-AB. I-ABM yekliniki yomgaqo-nkqubo # 7: umgaqo-nkqubo wokuncelisa (ukuhlaziywa ngo-2010). Utywala. 2010; 5 (4).
> Sachs HC. Ukutshintshwa kweziyobisi kunye neendlela zokwenza ubisi lomntu: ukuhlaziywa kwezihloko ezikhethiweyo . Pediatrics. 2013 Sep 1; 132 (3): e796-809.
> Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. Izizathu zonyango ezamkelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwabambele abisi yobisi . 2009.