Iintsapho ezininzi zikhetha ukukhulisa abantwana bazo ukuba zikwazi ukuthetha iilwimi ezimbini, nokuba ngaba zezizathu zenkcubeko, iinjongo zemfundo okanye ukuphucula amava abo ubomi. Yaye ngelixa iilwimi ezimbini phantsi kwebhanti yakho zingabakho ubuchule obuhle ukuba bube noluntu ngokubanzi, uphando olunye luye lwabonisa ukuba nalo luncedo olukhulu kubantwana bentsana ngokukhethekileyo.
Iinzuzo zokuba ngeelwimi ezimbini
Izifundo zangaphambili ziqinisekisile ukuba kukho iinzuzo zokuba ziilwimi ezimbini, ezifana nokukhuthaza amandla okuqonda, ngakumbi ukuxazulula iingxaki. Ukwazi ezimbini iilwimi nazo zineenzuzo zezoqoqosho, ezentlalontle kunye nezokuxhumana. Umbutho we-American Speech-Language-Hearing ubeka uluhlu lwezinto ezintle ezibalulekileyo zokuba ziilwimi ezimbini ezinceda ngakumbi iintsana ezinje:
- Ukukwazi ukuthabatha amagama amatsha ngokukhawuleza
- I-Skill ngamazwi anomculo
- Ukufundisa indlela yokudiliza amagama ngezandi zabo njengoko befunda ukuthetha nokufunda
- Ukukhulisa amandla okufunda ulwazi olutsha
- Udidi lweqela
- Ukulungisa ingxaki
- Izakhono zokuphucula ukuphucula
- Uvelwano kunye nokudibanisa nabanye abathetha ulwimi olufanayo
Okwangoku, malunga neepesenti ezili-12 zabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka emi-5 bayizimbini, kodwa iingcali ziqikelela ukuba inani labantu abathi bathetha iilwimi ziza kuqhubeka zikhula. Ngoko kuyacaca ukuba abazali bafuna ukucinga ngokufundisa umntwana wabo ulwimi oluthile ngokukhawuleza kwangoko kuba uphando lubonise ukuba ukufunda ulwimi lwesibini kulula kakhulu kwiminyaka yangaphambili.
Kulula ukuba umntwana afunde ezimbini iilwimi ngexesha elilodwa kunokuba umntu omdala azame ukufunda ulwimi lwesibini kamva ebomini.
Ngaba Unokufundisa Umntwana Wakho Ukuba Yielwimi ezimbini?
Nangona abazali abaninzi kunye neengcali zibona iingenelo zokuba abantwana babo bafunde iilwimi ezimbini (okanye ngaphezulu!), Ngokwenene ukufundisa abantwana ukuba bafunde iilwimi ezimbini kunokuba nzima.
Iintsana ezikhulayo kumakhaya apho zithetha iilwimi ezimbini ngabazali babo okanye abanakekeli banokufunda ulwimi lwesibini lula kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo. Kodwa iintsana ezingenalo inzuzo yabazali ababini okanye abanonophelo banokufumana izibonelelo ekufundeni iilwimi ezimbini.
Ukuze uzame ukucacisa ukuba kukhulu kangakanani ukutshatyalaliswa kolwimi lwesibini umntwana kufuneka afunde ulwimi, iingcali zaseMadrid, eSpain zaqhubela isifundo kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-7 ukuya kwiinyanga ezingama-33.5 ubudala ukuze babone indlela abafundisa ngayo isiNgesi abachaphazela ngayo phuhliso lweelwimi. Iingcali zifundise abantwana kwizikolo ezine zemfundo yabantwana eMantal, apho abantwana banikwa iiseshoni zeentsuku zeeNgesi zeeyure zangexesha elide ukusuka kubaqeqeshi abathetha isiNgesi njengelwimi lokuqala. Iiseshoni zaqhutyelwa kwithuba leeveki ezili-18.
Uphononongo lufumene ukuba abantwana kwiiseshoni zeqela benza ngcono kunezinye iindlela zokufundisa isiNgesi kunye neentsana zigcina amagama amatsha nokuqonda kwesiXhosa ixesha elide kunontanga yabo, nangona iiveki ezingama-18 emva kokuphengulula isifundo.
Indlela iintsana ezifunda ngayo ukuba zibe ziilwimi ezimbini
Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ngaphambili ungakwazi ukuvelisa umntwana wakho ngolwimi lwesibini, ngakumbi amathuba abo okuba ngamabini.
Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba nangangeenyanga ezili-12, ukuqonda kweintsana malunga nendlela yokuvava amagama kunciphisa ulwimi lwabo lokuqala . Iintsana zizalwe zikwazi ukuva izandi ezivela kuzo zonke iintlobo zeelwimi, kodwa njengoko zifutshane nomhla wokuzalwa kwazo zijolise phantsi ukuze ziqale "ukuva" izandi zelwimi lwazo lwangundoqo.
Isihluthulelo sokufunda ulwimi lwesibini ngexesha lomntwana wengane yakho yinto yokuba iingcingo zabo zengqondo kunye neendlela azizange zakhiwe ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke iingqondo zabo ziyakwazi ukumisa "intanethi" kwezo zombini iilwimi ngelixa ziintsana, into Ubungqina bakhulu abakwaziyo ukwenza.
Ngaloo nto, kubalulekile ukucacisa umntwana wakho kangangoko kunokwenzeka kuzo zombini iilwimi ofuna ukuba afunde, ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe kokuqala. Ukuba ulahlekelwe ngumhla wokugqibela, kunjalo, ungakhathazeki. Abantwana abachazwa kwiilwimi ezimbini ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-5 bavuna ezinye iinjongo eziphambili ekuphuculweni kwengqondo.
Ukufundisa abantwana ukuba babe ngamabini
Ngoko siyazi ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi kumnandi kwaye kubalulekile ukuba iintsana zikwazi ukuthabatha ngolwimi lwesibili ukususela ekuzalweni, kodwa ufundisa njani ukuba umntwana abe ngamabini?
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba umntwana ufunda ukuba yielwimi ezimbini kubungakanani kunye nomgangatho wolwimi lwesibini olubhekiswe kubo. Iintsana zifunda kakuhle kumntu oza kumntu ngokuchasene nevidiyo okanye inkonzo yokusasaza efundisa ulwimi lwesibini. Kwaye njengoko isifundo sibonisiwe, iintsana ezili-9 nangaphantsi zenza ngokukhethekileyo kwiiseshoni zolwimi ezisekelwe kumdlalo kunye nomqeqeshi ophilayo kunye nokuba babeza kufunda ulwimi kuluntu ngendalo.
Ubuncinane kangakanani ukuboniswa kwiseseshoni yeqela ukuba umntwana wakho adinga? Izifundo zangaphambili zifumene ukuba iiseshoni ezili-12 ngaphezu kweeveki ezingama-5-iiyure ezingama-6 kuphela zokungabonakali kolwimi lwangaphandle-zonke iintsana kufuneka ziqalise ukubeka ezo ziphuhliso zobuchopho ukuya ekufundeni ulwimi lwesibini. (Ewe, ubuchopho bentsana buyamangalisa.) Kubonakala kubakho inxibelelwano enkulu phakathi kwendawo yentlalo kunye nolwimi, ngoko ke iintsana ziyakuthanda ukufunda kwindawo yentlalontle okanye yokudlala.
Abacebisi kulolu phofu basebenzise inkulumo ejoliswe ngabantwana, "abazali" abangenabugqirha abazali nabanonophelo abasebenzisa ngokuqhelekileyo xa bethetha neentsana ezinokusetyenziswa kolwimi olulula, ilizwi eliphakamileyo kunye neekhenyl ezikhulile. Le ndlela yendalo yokuthetha kunye nosana inceda ngokwenene ubuchopho babo bafunde ulwimi olungcono. Ubungqina bentwaba bubonakala kugxininisa kwizandi ekuqaleni, ngoko ukuphakama okuphezulu kunye nokugqwetha, izandi ezityhutyhayo zenza kube lula ukuba zifunde ezo zandi izandi kuqala, eziguqulelwe ngamazwi.
Kubantwana abancinci, abaneminyaka engama-7 ukuya kwi-33.5, isifundo seMadrid sathola ukuba iiseshoni zokudlala kwimizuzu eyi-1 kwiindawo zentlalo kunye nabafundisi beNgesi kwiiveki ezingama-18 zakhokelela "ekuzuzeni kakhulu ukuqonda nokusebenzisa ulwimi." Mhlawumbi kubaluleke kakhulu, abaphandi baphinde bavavanya iintsana ezingama-18 emva kokuba bagqibe iiseshoni zokufundisa kwaye emva kokuba bengabikho nenye ingcaciso yesiNgesi baze bafumanise ukuba ubuchopho babo babenako ukugcina ulwazi, amagama amasha kunye nezandi abaye bafunde. Oku kuboniswe ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kwangethuba kwisimo esisekelwe kumdlalo kunye nomqeqeshi kuncedise ukukhulisa ikhono lobuchopho lokugcina ulwimi.
Ngamafutshane, konke kuthatha iyure enye ngosuku lomntwana odlala nomnye othetha ulwimi oluthile ukuze afunde.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Ukufundisa umntwana lwakho ulwimi lwesibini lunokumnceda ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngeke kuphela ubeke umntwana wakho kwimpumelelo kamva ebomini kunye nekhono lokuba nolwimi lwesibini, into enqwenelekayo kwezoqoqosho lwamazwe wonke kwaye unokumisela umqeshi womsebenzi ngaphandle, kodwa ukuba uguquke ngeendlela ezimbini ngendlela yengqondo yengane yakho ikhula ngayo .
Ukuba unako, kukulungele ukuvelisa umntwana wakho kwiilwimi ezimbini njengoko kusenokwenzeka ukususela ebusaneni, njengokuba ubuntwa bentwana buqala ukugxila kolunye uhlobo lolwimi ngeminyaka yobudala. Nangona kunjalo, ubuchopho babantwana basakwazi ukufunda nokugcina ulwimi olungcono ngeli-5. Bonke abantwana baya kuxhamla ekuphuculweni kobuchopho xa bebhengezwa kwiilwimi ezimbini, ngoko musa ukoyika ukukhuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba afunde ulwimi lwesibini kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubudala kangakanani. Iintsana zifunda kakuhle ngokudlala, kunye neseshoni yeqela okanye iseshoni ngomntu wangempela yindlela efanelekileyo yokufundisa umntwana wakho ukuba afunde ulwimi lwesibini ukuba ungathethi ulwimi lwesibini ngokwakho.
Imithombo:
UFerjan Ramirez, uN. kunye noKuhl, P. (2017), iilwimi ezimbini: Ulwaphulo loLwimi lwangaphandle kwiiNgingqi zamaMantana eManthel. Ingqondo, Ubuchopho, kunye neMfundo, 11: 133-143. Ukufunyanwa kwi-http: //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mbe.12144/full
I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2017). Iinzuzo zokuba ziilwimi ezimbini. Ukufunyanwa kwi-http: //www.asha.org/public/speech/development/The- Benevantages-of-Being-Bilingual/