Unyaka phakathi komntwana wesibini kunye nosuku lokuzalwa lwesithathu uzaliswe ngamanqaku amangalisayo. Nangona izinga lomntwana wakho lokukhula luya kuncitshiswa kulo nyaka, nganye iveki inokuletha utshintsho kwizinto anokuzenza kunye noko akuqondayo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngamnye umntwana ukhula ngezinga lakhe, kodwa kukho ezinye izakhono eziqhelekileyo onokuzilindela ukuba umntwana wakho abe ngumntu oneminyaka eyi-3. Ezi ziquka:
- Izakhono zombane ezininzi
- Izakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi
- Izakhono zobuchule okanye iingqondo
- Izakhono zobungqina
- Izakhono zoLuntu kunye neZemvakalelo
Izakhono zoBuchule boMbane onokuyilindela ukuba abantwana bafunde kwi-Age 3
Izakhono zonyango zihambelana nendlela umntwana asebenzisa ngayo umzimba wakhe. Oogqirha bezilwanyana bahlula ukuphuhliswa kwimiba emibini: Iimoto ezininzi kunye nezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi . Izakhono zemoto ezininzi zisebenzisa amaqela amakhulu omzimba kwaye zihlobene nomdlalo osebenzayo. Izinto ezibalulekileyo kule minyaka zingabandakanya:
- ukuqhuba iididi eziliqela ngaphandle kokuwa
- ukunyuka kwefenitshala ephantsi kunye ne-jungle gyms ngokulula
- ukuhamba kwiiptoti
- uhambe umgca ochanekileyo
- ukuhamba nokuhla kwezitebhisi zokuhamba ezinyaweni
- kukhaba ibhola
- gxuma ngeenyawo zombini
- i-pedal itricycle
- ukuphosa ibhola elikhulu
Ukugqamisa: Ewe, konke okusebenzayo, ukunyuka, ukuxuma kunye nokuyeka ukuhamba kusinzima ukuhambisana. Kungaba nzima ukutshela umntu oneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kweyesi-3 ubudala, "Hlala uhlale." Kodwa ukumvumela ukuba inkululeko yokuhamba ibalulekile. Ukunikezelwa ngexesha kunye nendawo yokusebenzisa izakhono zakhe zomzimba, uya kuphucula ibhalansi kunye nokuzithemba. Nangona ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuba neengxaki zokuhlambalaza kunye neentlobo, lesi sigaba sinokumnceda aphephe ukuwa okukhulu kunye nokulimala kwiminyaka ezayo.
Izakhono zoBuchule boBuchule boBuchule bobudala obu-3
ImiSebenzi ethembele kwizakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi yilabo basebenzisa izandla kunye namaqela amancinci amancinci. Izakhono ezintle zezakhono ezinokuthi ulindele ukuba umntwana wakho afumaneke kwi-3 ubudala zibandakanya:
- zondla ngokwakho (nangona, unokwazi ukulinda izidlo)
- guqula amakhasi encwadini
- ubambe kwaye ubhale ngekhrayoni kakuhle
- hlamba kunye nezandla ezomileyo
- zifake izicathulo (kodwa zingabikho izicathulo)
- ugqoke ngokwabo uncedo
- ukwakha ibhotwe elilinganayo
- iibilesi ezivulekileyo nezivulekile
Ukugqamisa: Enye yempumelelo eyenziwa ngumntwana kulo nyaka iya kufunda ukufunda "ukudweba," nangona iifoto ziza kubakho izihlomelo kunye nemigca kwiphepha. Ukukhuthaza umlobi wakho kunye nomculi kunika amanqaku amaninzi kunye nezixhobo zokubhala ezifanelekileyo ubudala (iikrayoni, amanqaku angenakunyakali, amanqaku omunwe ). Mbonise indlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo ngokufaka umbala kunye nokudweba naye. Mfundise into enhle ukuyiloba (iphepha) kunye nento engekho (umbhede omhlophe), kodwa ungaphinda ufune ukutyalombela kwipende ekhwankqisayo kuphela xa kwenzeka kwiindonga kunye neefenitshala ezikhuselekileyo.
Izakhono zobuChule okanye eziCacnitive eziphuhliswa ngo-3 ubudala
Ingqondo yomntwana kunye nengcamango iya kuluhlaza kulo nyaka. Njengoko ekhulisa imemori aze aqale ukuqonda ngakumbi ngehlabathi elikujikelezile, uya kuzaliswa ngemibuzo. Kungaba ngumngeni ukwazi oko umntwana wakho uyaziqonda kwaye oko kufuneke ukuba kufundwa ntoni, kodwa ezi ngenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ongalindela ukuba ziphumelele ekupheleni konyaka:
- ukuchonga imibala engundoqo
- kubalwa ezintlanu
- yithetha i-alfabhethi (kodwa ingenako ukufumanisa ileta nganye ebhaliweyo)
- ukudlala ukukholelwa ngamadonki, amathoyizi okanye abanye abantu
- ukuhlela izinto ngokuma nombala
- ukuchonga izakhiwo ezisisiseko
- ukufanisa izinto
- gcwalisa iipuzzle elula
- bayayiqonda into ebini
- ukuqaphela izandi zansuku zonke
- ukuqonda "ngaphambili," "emva," "ngoku," "kungekudala" kwaye "kamva"
- khumbula oko kwenzeka ngezolo
- wazi apho udlala khona
- ukuhleka ngeengcamango ezingcolileyo okanye amahlaya
- Ukuqonda imithetho ethile ebalulekileyo yokukhusela (ungathinti isitofu eshushu), hlala kude newindow)
- landela umyalelo owodwa okanye ezimbini
- ngqalelo malunga nemizuzu engama-3
Ukugqamisa: Kule minyaka, kubalulekile ukuqonda nokuncipha kwengqondo yomntwana wakho. Akazange afunde ukuhlukanisa imfesane kwizinto eziyinyaniso, ngoko unokukholelwa oko akubonayo kumabonwakude okanye kwiincwadi zinyani kwaye akanakho ukuqonda i-hyperbole ezifana nezitatimenti: "Ukuba udla ezinye iidroti uzakujika i-orange." Ukholelwa ukuba yonke into ihambelana nento ayenzile. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukuba kukho into "embi" unokuzigxeka ngokwakhe okanye abuze into ayenzileyo. Nangona ufike ixesha elide, izakhono zakhe zokuqiqa zinqongophe kakhulu. Ukunamathela ngeenkcukacha ezicacileyo kuya kukunceda ukulawula ukuziphatha ("faka amaloli ebhokisini kwaye ungadla ukutya kwakho" ngokuchasene "kuhle kwaye siya kufumana into").
Iikhono zoLwazi oluqhelekileyo luxhomekeke kwixesha eli-3
Ngeendlela ezininzi, ukuphuhliswa kwentetho kubonakalisa utshintsho olukhulu kwintsapho yakho yonke. Njengoko umncinci wakho unako ukubonisa iimfuno zakhe kunye nokufunayo, unokukwazi ukuphepha ukuziphatha okutyhafayo okwenzeka rhoqo ngenxa yokuba akanakukuxelela ukuba ufuna. Ezinye zeenkqubela phambili kulwimi onokubona kulo nyaka ziquka:
- landela imiyalelo eyodwa okanye ezimbini
- sebenzisa amagama entsapho kunye nabahlobo
- igama eziqhelekileyo
- ukuqonda into eninzi (intetho yansuku zonke)
- uthetha izivakalisi ezihlanu
- usebenzisa izibhengezo (mna, wena, mna, thina, bona) kunye nezinye ezininzi
- uthetha ngokucacileyo ukuba abantu abangaziwayo baqonde amagama amaninzi
- qalisa ukuzonwabisa nemilolozo kunye nemidlalo eyisiqhelo ngolwimi (ukubeka amagama angalunganga kwiingoma ozithandayo
- ukuqonda "yam"
- sebenzisa "mna" kunye "nawe" ngokufanelekileyo
- xelela amabali
- qhubela intetho yesibini ukuya kwezivakalisi ezintathu
- nandipha iincwadi kunye namabali
- kubuza imibuzo elula
Ukugqamisa: Ngokwe-American Academy ye-Pediatrics, kukho ukuhlukahluka okukhulu ekuphuculweni kolwimi phakathi kwabantwana balobudala kunanoma yimuphi ummandla wophuhliso. Kukho uluhlu olubanzi "oluqhelekileyo" kunye nolunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, izakhono zolwimi zamantombazana zihlala zikhula phambili kunamakhwenkwe. Abanye abantwana abancinci banokuxoxa ngengqungquthela xa abanye bezolile. Umntwana unokufumana izakhono zolwimi eziphuculwe kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa unokukhetha ukuthetha kakhulu. Nangona uqaphela ukulibaziseka kweelwimi ukulibala, zama ukuthelekisa izakhono zomlomo wakho zomntwana kwabanye.
Izakhono Zentlalo Abantwana Bakhula Ngama-3
Ngomhla wokuzalwa komntwana wakho wesithathu unokwazi ukubona utshintsho ngendlela asebenzisana ngayo nabanye abantwana. Le ngongoma apho abantwana abaninzi beqala ukuhamba ukusuka kumdlalo ofanayo (apho abantwana badlala khona kunye) kunye neqela lokudlala (apho asebenzisana khona kwaye adlala nabanye). Oku kuthetha ukuba uya kuqala ukufuna ukufunda indlela yokuhamba ngayo ubudlelwane. Kuyixesha apho uya kuphuhlisa izakhono ezibalulekileyo ezifana:
- kutshintshana kwimidlalo
- zizimeleyo
- bonisa umdla xa uzama izinto ezintsha
- qulunqa imidlalo engummangaliso
- basebenzisane nabanye abantwana
- bonisa uluhlu lweemvakalelo
- ikopi yokuziphatha kwabanye abantu (abadala kunye noontanga)
- ubonise uthando kwabanye (ngaphandle kokubonisa ukuba unike umhlobo umququzelelo)
- wazi igama lokuqala nelokugqibela
- uqaphela xa ezinye izenzo ziphosakele kwaye uzive uxolo
- uzama ukwenza abanye bahlekise
- badlale neqela labantwana
- ubonise umdla kwimfundo yobumbanyo
Ukugqamisa: Ngexesha elifanayo umntwana wakho ufuna ukuzimela kunye namava amatsha, unokufumanisa ukuba uyacaphuka xa ehlukanisiwe nawe. Nangona kunzima ukuba abazali babone ukukhungatheka komntwana, banike amathuba omntwana ukuba ahlalisane ngaphandle kokuba kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa kwakhe. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uzame ukungagcini xa umntwana wakho edlala nabanye kwaye angaphazamisi kwimpikiswano ngaphandle kokuba ufuna ngokwenene. Omnye uphazamisekile ngenxa yokuba ithoyiphu ibanjwe okanye omnye umntwana akafumananga? Elula "masibelane kwaye sidlale kunye" elandelwa yinto ekhuthazayo yokubuyela komnye nomnye inokusebenza ngakumbi kunokungena ekujongeni imeko. Gcinani engqondweni, umntwana wakho kunye nabahlobo bakhe kufuneka bafunde ukudlala omnye nomnye, kungekhona nabazali bomnye nomnye.
CDC.gov. "Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu: Umntwana wakho kwiminyaka emithathu." IWebhu. Oktobha 10, 2011
"Izinto eziphambili zoPhuhliso: 3 ukuya ku-4 ubudala." I-Healthycihldren.org. KwiWebhu. Oktobha 10, 2011.
UPowell, J. kunye no-Smith, CA "Izinto eziphambili zoPhuhliso: Isikhokelo sabazali." UManhattan, KS: iNkonzo yaseKansas yeNyuvesi yokuThuthukiswa kweNyuvesi. KwiWebhu. Oktobha 10, 2011.
Shelov, uSreven PMD, MS, FAAP, kunye. al. Ukunyamekela Ukuzalwa Kwabantwana Abantwana nabantwana abaselula ukuya eBangeni 5. Incwadi yeBanatam, 2009. Print.