Iikhompyutha zoLwazi lwezoNxibelelwano kunye neZisetyenziselwa abantwana abaziThulu
Iintsipho yintlupheko echaphazela ukukwazi ukuva. Ibhekisela ekungenakulungeni ngokupheleleyo ukuva. Ngaphantsi kwaBantu abaNomdla wezeMpilo (i-IDEA), udidi lokuxilonga lunthulu alubandakanyi abantu abanokuva. Abantu abanengqondo encinci baya kunikwa phantsi kwecandelo lokukhubazeka kweentlanganiso phantsi kwe- IDEA .
Umbutho kaZwelonke weZiThulu (iNAD) uchaza ukungazithulu njengento "yokuphulaphula." I-NAD ibandakanya abantu abaneentetho ezincinci abangakwazi ukuzithemba ngokweenqobo zabo zokuva ukuthetha ngokukhululekile.
Izizathu Zokungabi Namava
Abantwana abaninzi abayizithulu bazalwa ngabazali abava. Izizathu zokungazithulu ziquka:
- Ulungelelwano: Izixhumanisi ze-Genetic zifunyenwe kwiProjekthi ye-Human Genome Mapping Project
- Ukugula okukhulu ebuntwaneni obunjenge-rubella (i-measles yaseJamani) okanye umlenze wamagulane
- Izifo zokubeleka zangasese
- Ukuboniswa kwomsindo womsindo wexesha elide okanye ukuvakala kwengxolo engxamisekileyo
- Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngaphambi kokubeleka
- Ukulimala ngokomzimba okanye umonakalo kwengqondo , intloko, okanye indlebe
- Ukulahlekelwa kweendlebe ezihlobene nobudala
Abafundi abaThuthileyo bafundiswa esikolweni
Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantwana abayizithulu abaneengqondo eziqhelekileyo banokufunda kwigumbi lokufundela ngokuqhelekileyo-kuba benesistim esifanelekileyo endaweni. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuxhasa ezinokukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela kwemfundo kumntwana oyisithulu. Ezi ziquka:
Iindlela zokunxibelelana ezifanelekileyo. Abanye abantwana abangevayo banokuvalelwa kwintsholongwane encinci kwaye banako ukufumana inzuzo kwiinkqubo zobuchwepheshe ezifana neenkqubo zokuphulaphulwa kwe-FM kunye nenkqubo yomculo.
Umntwana ongenasiphelo akanakho ukuvalelwa kwezinto ezithethiweyo, ngoko-ke ukusetyenziswa kolwimi oluthethiweyo-kwanokuba nobuchwepheshe bokukhulisa isandi-aluyi kusebenza. Ulwimi Lwezandla LwaseMelika luyisixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokunxibelelana; Kwiimeko ezininzi, uncedo lweklasini oluqeqeshwe kwiSandla saseMerika luya kufuneka lube khona ukuze umntwana ongenathulu afunde kunye noontanga bakhe.
Indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala eklasini . Abantwana abayizithulu basebenzise ngokubanzi ulwazi olubonakalayo, ngoko kubalulekile ukubeka umntwana endaweni apho unokubona ngokucacileyo nayiphi na into ebonwayo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuxhasa. Ngelixa ubuchwepheshe bokuphucula izakhono ezingenakunceda abantwana abangevayo, ubugcisa bokuthetha ngetekisi kunye nenkulumo-tekisi banokunika inkxaso eninzi. Ngokukodwa xa abantwana bekhula, ukukwazi ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ulwimi kunye nokuvelisa ulwimi oluthethileyo kungenza umehluko omkhulu kwimpilo yomntwana.
Tutoring. Ukongeza kwimiba engentla apha esikolweni, iinkonzo zokufundisa zingabancedisa abantwana abayizithulu okanye abanzima ukuva.
IziCwangciso zeMfundo eziZodwa
Abantwana abazizithulu banelungelo lemfundo ekhululekile kunye nefanelekileyo kwiziko likawonkewonke. Kodwa ke, kwathiwa, abanye abantwana abayizithulu banenzuzo kwaye / okanye bakhetha izikolo ezizodwa ezizithulu. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kutheni le nto injalo.
- Abanye abantwana abayizithulu bakuthola kunzima kakhulu ukusebenzisana kakuhle nabaontanga kunye nokuba bafumane ixhoba lokuxhatshazwa . Izifundo zifumene abantwana abazizithulu abaneengxaki ekukhulumisaneni, ukuqala nokungenisa iingxoxo nokugcina iingxoxo kunye noontanga.
- Ezinye iintsapho zikhetha ukuba umntwana wabo oyisithulu ufundiswe kwindawo apho iimfuno zabo ziqwalaselwa kuyo yonke ibhodi, kwimidlalo yezemidlalo nasemva kokufunda esikolweni, kwi-gym, nakwiinkqubo zobugcisa.
- Uluntu olusisithulu linenkcubeko enamandla, kwaye ezinye iintsapho zivakalelwa kukuba inkcubeko yezithulu kufuneka ibe yinxalenye yamava omntwana ukususela ekuqaleni. Izikolo zezithulu zinika ithuba lokubhaptizwa kwizithethe ezingazithulu. Oku kunika abantwana ithuba ukususela ebuntwaneni ukuba baqulunqe ubudlelwane obungaphelelwanga ngoqhagamshelwano lwezithuba zentsiba kwaye bavelise ubungane obuya kubalandela emva kokuba sele begqibile kwisikolo. (Funda kabanzi malunga nenkcubeko yesithulu.)
Umthombo:
Xie, Y., Potmesil, M., noBeters. Abantwana Abayizithulu okanye Ulukhuni Lokuvalelwa Kwizicwangciso Zezifundo Ezizibandakanya: Ukuhlaziywa Kweencwadi Ngendlela Yokusebenzisana Ngontanga. Umbhalo weeNzululwazi zokuThwaphuka kunye neMfundo yeZiThulu . 2014. 19 (4): 423-37.