Ukunyamezela kwabantwana kuye kwaba yinkxalabo ekhulayo e-US. Xa izikhokelo zomgaqo-nkqubo weSikolo seSikolo seMidlo yeDlowa ziye zadlulelwa, ukukhathazeka ngokunyanya ukugqithisa kwakunikwe kwiikhokelo zeprogram.
Ezi zikhokelo zitsha zichazwe ngo-2010 ukugunyazwa kwakhona koMthetho weZondlo zabantwana. Iquka iimfuno eziliqela kwizikolo ezifumana iimali zedolophu kwizikolo zabo zasemini.
Icandelo le-2010 lomThetho wokuNondla kwabantwana libizwa ngokuba nguMthetho oPhilile, ongenaliso-Nama-Kids Act ka-2010 (HHFKA.) Utshintsho aluzange lwenzeke ngo-2010, kodwa lwagqitywa kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo ukunika izikolo kunye noluntu ixesha ukuqonda izikhokelo kunye nokulungelelana njengoko kuyimfuneko.
Ixesha elivunyelwe ukulungelelanisa, ukuchazwa kunye naluphi na utshintsho oluthile olwenziweyo kumgaqo-nkqubo yisona sizathu sokuba iHHFKA iyaqhubeka ivela kwiindaba.
Ziziphi izikhokelo zeSidlo seMidlo?
Izikhokelo zika-2010 zenzelwe ukubonelela ngesondlo esincinci sokutya okunomsoco, okunempilo okuza kunika iikhalori ezaneleyo ngaphandle kokufaka isandla ekutyebeni. Ukutshintshwa kwimiqathango yangaphambili yesidlo sasemini kufaka iimfuno zezidlo zesikolo ezifana noku:
- Imveliso yezonka ezenziwe ukususela kwi-50 engama-50 pesenti
- Ukunikezelwa okukhulu kweziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Izityalo kunye nemifuno kufuneka zenziwe yonke imihla. Imifuno eluhlaza, imifuno enamagqabhagqabha kufuneka ifakwe kanye ngeveki.
- Ubisi obumhlophe kunye nobuncwane kufuneka lube yi-nonfat okanye enye i-pesenti yeoli.
- Ukutya kufuneka kuhlangabezane neemfuno zekhalori ezincinci kunye nezona ziphezulu kwiqela elidala abaye bakhonza ngalo, ngokwemiqathango ye-USDA.
- Ukutya akukwazi ukudibanisa nayiphi na i-trans-fats engabonakaliyo ngokwemvelo ekudleni.
- Izithili zemfundo kufuneka zenze umgaqo-nkqubo wezempilo
Ezi zikhokelo zichazwe ngakumbi kwaye zininzi kunezikhokelo zesikhokelo sasesikolweni zangaphambili. Kuthathe iinqununu zezikolo malunga neminyaka emihlanu ukwenza uhlengahlengiso, kodwa izikhokelo zihlala ziyingqinambano. Izikhokelo zazingumxholo oqhelekileyo wokuthetha kwabaviwa beRiphabhliki ngethuba leprayimari ngonyaka ka-2016, kunye nabaviwa abathembisa ukubuyisela izikhokelo zokuvumela ukutya okunomsoco kunye nokudla okunomsoco ezikolweni.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2016 lwesikolo saseburhulumenteni sase-Washington olushicilelwe kwi-JAMA I-Pediatrics lubonisa ukuba izikhokelo ezintsha zifumana abantwana besikolo ukuba badle impilo enempilo . Uhlolisiso lufanisa abafundi bokutya besidlo sakusasa ngaphambi nangemva kokuba izikhokelo ziphunyezwe. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba inani elifanayo labafundi laqhubeka lithenga ukutya kweentsuku zesikolo, nangona kanye emva kokutya kweentsuku ezininzi, iziqhamo kunye neengqolowa ezipheleleyo.
Uphononongo lufake isithili esisodwa esikolweni kwidolophana. Nangona ixhasa izikhokelo zeHHFKA kule ndawo, ayinikezeli ubungqina bokusebenza kwezinye iindawo zesizwe.
Izikolo mazilandele imigangatho ye-HHFKA ukufumana iidola zemali kwiinkqubo zabo zasemini. Nangona ezinye izithili zesikolo zifumana enye ipesenti okanye iipesenti zebhajethi yabo yasemini kwi-USDA ngaphambi kokuthengisa, izithili ezininzi zifumana iindidi ezingaphezulu kweedola ngeprogram yokukhululeka neyenzileyo.
Iprogram yokutya kunye nokunciphisa isikolo ihlawulela inxalenye okanye zonke iindleko zesidlo sasemasontweni kubantwana abavela kwiintsapho ezinomvuzo ophantsi. Le mali yokubuyisela ingenza ipesenti encinane yesicwangciso sexesha lesidlo esikolweni esixhasayo okanye malunga nayo yonke inkxaso yezikolweni kwiindawo ezihlwempu kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, izikolo ezifunekayo ziyanyanzeliswa ukuba zihambisane nezi zikhokelo ukuze zibuyiselwe ngokubonelela ukutya kwabo bafundi.
Ezinye izithili zesikolo nabazali baye bahambelana nezi khokelo. Nangona ubuninzi bezithili zesikolo basebenzisana nzima ukuthobela imigangatho emitsha, ezinye izithili zesikolo kulo lonke uhlanga ziyenqaba ukufumana imilinganiselo yokutya yasemini, kunokukhetha ukuphuma kwi-USDA School Lunch Programme.
Abanye abazali besikolo kunye nezithili zesikolo bakholelwa ukuba le migangatho emitsha ayilungele abantwana babo nezikolo.
Ukugxeka okuqhelekileyo Okunikezelwa ngabo Bachasayo iMigangatho yeZikolo ezitsha zokutya.
Amanqanaba amatsha aSebenzayo Abanye banomuvo wokuthi imimiselo ethile emiselweyo iminyanzelo kwaye ichanekile, kwaye ngoko kunzima ukuba izikolo zihambelane. I-USDA ibanga ukuba imigangatho yenzelwe ukuba yincinci kwaye izithili ezininzi sele zikhokelo ezifanayo.
Le ngxabano ngokubhekiselele kwimilinganiselo yokutya yasemini ijongana nemvakalelo ngokuchasene neMilinganiselo yesiGaba yoLuntu oluPhezulu. Kuzo zombini iimeko, imigangatho echazwe ngokucacileyo iyamkelwa kulo lonke.
Ekubeni inkqubo yezemfundo yase-United States isoloko ivelisa imigaqo esuka kummandla wendawo, ezinye izithili zivakalelwa kukuba imigangatho emitsha ekhupha lonke iphela i-cookie cutter kwaye ayiyi kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwimimandla yendawo.
Abantwana abanakuyidla le miqholo
Abanye abazali nabaphathi bexesha lesidlo sakusihlwa banomdla wokuba umda omtsha kwiityuwa, ushukela, kunye namafutha kunye nokunyuka kwama-grains, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno kuya kubangela ukuba ukutya kufuneke ukuba abantwana badle .
Izikolo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesizwe zaphawula ukuwa kweentengiso kwiindawo zabo zokutya zokutya kunye nokutya okuphonswa ngaphandle. Abazali baye bakhononda kwizikolo zabo zendawo ukuba abantwana babo beza ekhaya belambile emva kokuba benqabe ukutya ukutya kwezikolweni zabo.
Izikolo zokutya zasesikolweni ziye zasabela ngokusebenzisa izicwangciso zokwenza ukutya okunempilo ngakumbi. Uphando olusuka kwiLebhu yaseLunivesithi yokutya luye lwagxila ekunikeni ukhetho lokutya okunempilo kwizidlo zangasemini eziya kubakhuthaza abantwana ukuba badle ukutya okunempilo.
Kubi kakhulu kwiZikolo
Iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, iifoloji eziqhekeza ukutya, i-buns kunye nelayisi elibomvu ngokuqhelekileyo libiza indleko xa kuthengwa nokutya okuthengwa ngaphambili ukuze kwenziwe iidlo zesikolo. Ukongeza iishukela kunye nosawo kwandisa ubomi beeshefu zokutya ezininzi, ukunciphisa iindleko ezihambelana nefriji kunye nokwenza rhoqo ukuthenga. Ezinye izikolo nazo zibuhlungu ingeniso elahlekileyo ekuthengiseni ishukela ephezulu okanye i-fat high snack kunye ne-dessert izinto.
Iingeniso ezenziwe ngokutya okuncinane okunempilo ziya kusetyenziswa ukuthenga ukutya okunempilo. Impembelelo edibeneyo yeengeniso ezilahlekileyo ekuthengiseni ukuthengisana kunye nokunciphisa ukuthengiswa kweentsuku eziqhelekileyo kuye kwaba nemingeni yemali kwezinye iindawo zokutya zeefestile.
Izikolo ziye zazama ukuphinda zibuyisele le ntlawulo ngokuthatha amanye ama-fundraisers, ukulungiswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, okanye ukusebenzisa amaqhinga okutya asekuqaleni okukhuthaza abantwana ukuba bathenge ukutya okunempilo.
Akunakwanele amaCalori
Iimali zokukhawuleza zeekhalori zezidlo zesikolo zisekelwe kwidatha yophando yintoni ininzi yabantwana abaya kuyidla isidlo sasemini. Ukunyuka kwemilinganiselo yekhalori kunye nobudala, ukususela kuma-650 kCal kubafundi bepulayiminyaka yobudala ukuya ku-850 kCal ngesidlo sasemini kubafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo. Abanye abantu bayesaba ukuba abafundi abakhutheleyo okanye abafundi abakhulu kakhulu kwiminyaka yabo abayi kufumana iikhalori ezaneleyo zokuzinyamezela kulo lonke usuku lwesikolo.
Kwizikolo ezenza isigqibo sokuba izikhokelo ezintsha aziyi kusebenza, zikho ezimbini zikhetho eziphambili:
Isikolo # 1: Phuma kwi-USDA School Lunch Programme
Xa isikolo sikarhulumente okanye isithili sinquma ukuphuma kwiprogram ye-USDA yeSondlo seSikolo, asisadingeki ukuba ihambisane nemigangatho. Kodwa ukuphuma kungena kwiindleko ezincinci, ngokukodwa kwizikolo ezinepesenti eziphezulu zabafundi kwiiprogram ezikhululekileyo nezancinci. Izikolo ezikhethwayo azikwazi ukufumana ukubuyiswa kweemfuno zentlalo kunye neyancitshiswe kwimizuzu enikezelwa kubantwana abavela kwiintsapho ezifumana umvuzo ophantsi. Kunoko, izikolo ziya kufuneka zihlawule iindleko zokutya okanye ukunciphisa ukutya.
Akukho sikolo sifuna ukubonelela ngesantya okanye ukunciphisa isidlo sesondlo kubantwana abanomvuzo ophantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa ndiphanda eli nqaku ndikwazanga ukufumana naluphi na ulwazi malunga nesikolo esikhethileyo kwiprogram ye-USDA engakhange ibonelele ngokutya kunye nokunciphisa ukutya kwabafundi abanomvuzo ophantsi. Inomgaqo-nkqubo wemfundo efanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abafundi banokufikelela kwisidlo sasemini nesidlo sasekuseni ukuze bakwazi ukufunda esikolweni.
Ngokuphuma kunye nokuqhubeka nokubonelela ngokukhululekileyo nokunciphisa isidlo sesondlo kubafundi abathile, izithili kufuneka zifumane iindlela zokwenza imali elahlekileyo evela kwi-USDA yokubuyiselwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixabiso lokutya lasemini liza kunyuka ukukhawulela umahluko. Kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo, izikolo zifumana ipesenti ezaneleyo zeendleko zabo zasemini ezivela kwi-USDA yokubuyiselwa ukuba abayikwazi ukucinga ngokushiya iinkqubo.
Isikolo # 2: Funa iNkqubo yoKhulelwa okanye ukulahla
NgoMeyi ka-2017, ukuhlaziywa komhlahlandlela kwenziwa kwinqanaba le-federal elibuyisela imigangatho yobisi, i-grains epheleleyo kunye nomxholo we-sodium yemini.
- Amazwe anokufumana ubunzima bokudibanisa imfuno yokutya okusanhlamvu angenza isicelo sokuxolelwa
- Izikolo zinokukhonza i-1% yobisi be-milkfat ezikhethiweyo
- Izikolo zininzi ixesha lokuthobela izikhokelo ze-sodium. Iinguqu zangoMeyi 2017 ziya kunika izikolo ubuncinane iminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kokuba zihlangabezane neemfuno ezintsha.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba izikolo ezininzi ziye zafumanisa iindlela zokuthobela izikhokelo ezintsha zokutya. Izikolo ezinokulibazisa okanye ukufumana ukuxolelwa ziyakwazi ukuthobela kwikamva.
Emva kokuqwalasela ezinye zezigxeko eziye zabangela isikolo esithile ukuba sishiye i-USDA School Lunch Programme, kubalulekile ukujonga iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezenza ukuba le nkqubo isebenze. Injongo yezikhokelo kukubonelela ngeentsuku ezifanelekileyo zempilo kubantwana . Izikolo ezininzi ziye zamkela iindlela zokukhuthaza abantwana ukuba bazame ukutya okutsha okanye bafumane iindlela zokufumana iindleko zokutya eziphezulu.
Abazali ababandakanyekayo banokuqonda malunga neengxaki zokutya zesikolo ezijongene nazo: ukubonelela ngesondlo esinempilo esinokutya okunokutya okunokuthi abantwana baya kuyidla. Le ngqiqo inokunceda ukuba ukhuthaze ukutya okunesondlo esikolweni somntwana wakho, okanye uqonde kuphela utshintsho onokukuva malunga nomntwana wakho.
> Johnson, > Ph.D. > UDonna B. "Impembelelo yoMthetho onoMzimba onoMdla wokuKhatya kwiZikolo." JAMA Pediatrics . I-American Medical Association, ngo-04 Jan. 2016.
> "Ukutya kweSikolo." Inkonzo yokutya kunye neZondlo , i-USDA, www.fns.usda.gov/school-meals/healthy-hunger-free-kids-act.
> Taylor, uJessica. "I-Rolls Rolls Rolls" Emva kweSikole saseMpilo sikaMichelle Obama. "I- NPR , iNPR, ngomhla we-1 kuMeyi 2017, www.npr.org/2017/05/01/526451207/trump-administration-rolls-back-of-michelle-obamas -amaqhinga-amanyathelo.