Iyintoni intsingiselo yokutsala i-myelination? Le nqubo iyenzeka xa into ebizwa ngokuthi i-myelin, eyenziwe ngamathambo eepilisi kunye nama-proteins, iqokelela malunga neeseli zesisindo, okanye i-neurons. U-Myelin udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpilo kunye nomsebenzi weeseli zesigulane, ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yesifo. I-myelination kwi-cortex yangaphambili yengqondo yincenye ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokukhula kwabaselula.
Umsebenzi we-Myelin ungubani?
Iisensi zeembilini (i-neurons) zinomthunzi omde okanye ii-fibro ezixubileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-axons. I-Myelin ifom ejikeleza i-axon kwizinto ezidla ngokuba yi-myelin sheath. Cinga ngeexons njengencingo zeentlobo ezithumela izibonakaliso zombane kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ngaloo nto engqondweni, akumangalisi ukuba i-myelin iye yafaniswa nokuxhoma kwiimbambo zombane. Nangona kunjalo, akusiyo yonke i-axons ene-myelin yembatho.
I-Myelin iqulethwe ngamaseli enkxaso ye-glial (ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngokuthi i-neuroglia okanye iisensi zesistim zentsholongwane) ezikhusela i-axons, ezidibanisa namanye amaseli omzimba njengeminye i-neurons, iiseli zamascle kunye namaziko kwiindawo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-synapses. I-Myelin yenza iisensi zeentsimbi zithumele ulwazi ngokukhawuleza kwaye zivumela iinkqubo zobomi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isizathu sokuba ingqondo yobuchopho ibonakala imhlophe imbikwe ngenxa yemali emininzi yeeteliti ze-myelinated cells.
Inkqubo yokugaya i-myelination ibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yesantya ephilileyo esebenzayo.
I-Myelination nayo ivela kwinkqubo ye-nervous system. I-Myelin inokwahlukana kwiindawo ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-node okanye i-myelin.
Indlela i-Myelination ithinta ngayo amaTweens
I-Myelination iqala ngo-utero xa umntwana sele ufikelela kwiiveki ezili-16 kwaye uyaqhubeka ekhulile. Ngexesha leminyaka ephakathi, ukukhwabanisa kubonakala ngokukodwa kwi-lobe yangaphambili yengqondo, icandelo lomchopho oqala nje emva kwebunzi.
Ukuhlengahlengiswa kwezinto eziphambili zokuncedisa i-lobe kudala ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo.
Ngokukodwa, ibenza bakwazi ukuba ngcono " ukusebenza okulawulayo ," okubandakanya ukucwangcisa, ukuqiqa kunye nezakhono zokwenza izigqibo. Kwakhona kuncedisa ukugweba iziphumo zabo ngokufanelekileyo nangokubonakalisa ukuzithoba . Oko kwathiwa, abaninzi abaneminyaka engama-10 kunye nentsha baya kuqhubeka bephethe iingxaki zokulawula, njengokuba i-lobe yangaphambili ayifuni ukukhula kuze kube ngu-25 ubudala.
Xa i-Myelin ihlelwa yingozi
Xa le nkunkuma enobungozi ibonakaliswe ingakhokelela kwiimeko ezinokubangela ukuphazamiseka okunjenge-multiple sclerosis (MS). Xa i-MS ivela, kukholelwa ukuba i-immune system inezimbandezelo kwaye ivula ukuhlaselwa kwesigxina se-myelin, okubangelwa zizilonda. Iingxaki kunye ne-myelin ziye zadibaniswa ne-fibromyalgia, i-adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), isifo se-Krabbe, isifo seCharcot-Marie-Tooth (i-CMT), i-Guillain-Barré Syndrome, i-fiber neuropathy encinci kunye ne-infernmatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
Zonke ezi meko zonyango zibandakanya iingxaki, kwaye abantu ababenabo babandezeleka, ububuthakathaka be-muscle, i-numbness, kunye neenguqu zengqondo ngenxa yoko. Ezinye zeemeko zinokufa. U-Guillain-Barré, umzekelo, unokuthintela abantu abahluphekileyo ukuphefumula ngokwabo.
Ukuba wena okanye othandekayo ubonakalisa nayiphi na imiqondiso yeziphazamiso ezingentla, musa ukulibala ukufumana uncedo lwezokwelapha. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha umonakalo weentlanzi uqhubeka kancane kancane kwixesha elide, ezinye izihlandlo zaso zivakalelwa ngokukhawuleza. Kwimeko nayiphi na imeko, kubalulekile ukufuna unyango lwempilo ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba eso sifo siphumelele. Ukufumana uncedo lonyango lunokunceda abantu abanezifo ezinjalo ukulawula iimpawu zabo baze bafumane inkxaso abayidingayo.
> Imithombo:
> Berger, uKathleen. Umntu ophuhlisayo ngokuPhila. 2014. I-9 Edition. ENew York: Ixabiso.