Indlela umntwana ofumana ukutya okunomsoco kwi-NICU iya kuxhomekeka kwiminyaka yobudala ekuzalweni, ubudala bexesha lokuhlala, kunye nempilo yabo yonyango, imeko kunye nokuzinza.
Iintsana ezinokuzalwa emva kokuzalwa kweeveki ezingama-33 zikulungele ukuqala ukondla kwimbalo ngaphakathi kwimiba yeentsuku xa iintsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kweli xesha zingenalo uhambo oluthile ukuya kulungele ukuqala lo msebenzi.
Nangona umntwana osengaphambi kwangoko unokukwazi ukunamathela kwi-pacifier kwaye angabonisa iimpawu kunye nendlala, abaqhelekanga ukulungelelanisa, ukugwinya nokuphefumula de ukuya kwiiveki ezingama-33-34.
Kwi-utero, amathumbu omntwana aphelelwe ngokupheleleyo ngamaviki angama-20, kodwa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yamathumbu ayihlakuli ukuya kwiiveki ezingama-28 ukuya kwe-30. Ezi ziquka i-peristalsis (iziphambano zamathumbu ukuhambisa ukutya ngazo.) Kwakunye nobukho bezinto ezinobaluleke kakhulu ze-enzyme zokugaya ezinokusiphula ukutya nokuzigaya.
I-preemie yakho ingasayi kulungela ukusela kwi-ingono nje kuphela, kodwa ukubeka izondlo kwi-tract child's digestive tract iya kunceda ukuyivuselela ukuba ikhule kwaye ikhule ngokukhawuleza. Ngeentsuku zokuqala zohambo lwakho lwe-NICU, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-trophic feeds kwaye unokukuva ekubhekiswa kuyo ngokuthi "ukuthobela umthamo." Ezi zifo ezincinci zinikezelwa kwi-preemie yakho kwaye zonyuka ngokukhawuleza iintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala ngelixa iqela leNICU Ugcina iliso ngendlela umntwana wakho enyamezela ngayo oku kutya.
Ngokuxhomekeka kwiminyaka yobubele bakho kunye nophuhliso lwakho, ukunyuka kwengondlo kwengane yakho ngeNICU ingaquka oku kulandelayo:
Isisondlo sabazali bonke
Eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-TPN, eli hlobo londlo luye lugqithise inkqubo yokugaya umntwana kwaye luye ngqo kwigazi nge-vein (IV okanye umgca ophakathi kwintsimbi okanye umgca wePICC).
Le fomu yesondlo inikwe umntwana wakho ngendlela efanayo umntwana wakho anondliwa kwisibeleko. Usana lwakho lufumene zonke izondlo ezivela kuwe nge-placenta, ngqo kwigazi labo. I-NICU izama ukulinganisa le nkqubo inokuthi "ukondla" iiseli zakho zentsana ngegazi ngaphandle kwendlela yokugaya.
I-TPN iqukethe iswekile, iivithamini, iimaminerali, i-trace elements, i-salts, i-amino acids, kunye ne-lipids (amafutha) kunye nayo yonke ukutya kunye neekhalori iintswelo zakho iintsana ukuze ziphile kwaye zikhule. Iintsana ezinokuqala zinganikwa i-TPN iintsuku eziliqela okanye kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa. Njengoko ukunyuswa kobonyayo kwintsana yakho, inani le-TPN liya kuncipha ukude inkqubo yakho yokugaya umntwana ikwazi ukwamkela ubisi ngokugcwele njengendlela yokuphela yondlo.
Gavage okanye i-Tube Feedings
Ingane yakho inondliwa ubisi ngetyhubhu, mhlawumbi emlonyeni okanye ekhaleni eliya ngqo kwisisu. Unokuva ityhubhu ebizwa ngokuba yi-NG okanye i-OG. NG okanye i-nasogastric (impumlo kwisisu) okanye i-orogastric (umlomo kwisisu). Iintsana zidla ngokutya ngetyhubhu ngelixa i-digestive tract ikhula, ngelixa isebenza ngokutya okupheleleyo, okanye ngexesha lokusebenzisa ubisi nge-ingono.
Ukutya okuNgcini
Umntwana wakho unokulungele ukuqala ukusebenza kulo mbuzo obalulekileyo xa:
- Umntwana wakho ufikelele kwiiveki ezingama-33-34. (Kwiiveki ezingama-32 ukuya kwi-nuzzle kwibele)
- Umntwana wakho ubonisa iimpawu zokulamba kunye nokulungelelanisa iimpawu ezifana nokunyana ngamandla kwi-pacifier kwaye uphapheme kwaye uqaphele ngexesha lokutya.
- Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntwana zakho zizinzile.
- Umntwana wakho uzuza ubunzima kwi-feed-feedings.
- Umntwana wakho uphefumle inkxaso yokuphefumula.
- Isimo sonyango sakho sonyango sizinzile.
Iqela lezononophelo lwezempilo lentsana lingaqwalasela kule fomu yokondla ngokuthi "ukuxhamla" -ukunyamezela kwibele okanye ukusela kwibhotile.
- Ukunceliswa kwesifuba sokuqala : Iintsana ezinokuqala ziqala ukuqhuba unesiza ngokuzibuza. Ingane yakho inokuthabatha amancinci ambalwa uze umise okanye mhlawumbi ulale ngokukhawuleza. Oku kulungile kwaye kuqhelekileyo. Vumela umntwana wakho ukuba ahlale kufuphi nawe, ucofe ubisi lwakho, kwaye uzive ufudumele kolukhumba. Ukubamba umntwana wakho osondeleyo ngelixa usondliwa nge-tube kuya kunceda ukudala amava okutya okulungileyo kwintsana yakho.
- Ukunceliswa kwebhotile zokuqala : Iintsana ezinokuqala ezondla ngokusondeza kuqala kwibhotile azikwazi ukugqiba umqulu wazo wokuqala. Kuthatha amandla amaninzi kwaye iinzame zokuqala zokutya zingathatha umntwana wakho ngokukhawuleza. Kubalulekile ukugcina iliso elisondeleyo malunga nokuziphatha komntwana kunye nolwimi lomzimba.
Umntwana wakho ubonisa izigcawu zokutya ezilungileyo xa:
- Umntwana wakho uphapheme kwaye uqaphele.
- Umntwana wakho unethambo elihle lomsila.
- Umntwana wakho uvula umlomo xa imilomo iqhutywe nge-pacifier, ngomunwe wakho, okanye ingono.
Xa usana lwakho lugxininisa ingono , khawuleza uqaphele ukuba umntwana wakho uyondla njani. Ingane yakho isondele ngokunyanga? Ngaba umntwana wakho uyakwazi ukulungelelanisa, ukugwinya nokuphefumula? Ukuba umntwana wakho uqala ukulala, ubisi obunqumlayo emlonyeni wabo, ukukhupha, okanye ubonisa iimpawu zokungcoliswa kwezinto ezinjengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukunciphisa izinga lentliziyo, okanye ixesha lokumisa i-oxygen. Zizo zonke iziphumo ukuba umntwana wakho uye wazininzi kwaye ulungele ukuphumla. Vumela umntwana wakho ukuba abuyele kwakhona.
Iikhalori kunye nezondlo zibalulekile ekukhuleni komntwana kunye nophuhliso lwakho kwaye ukuba umntwana wakho ukhathele ukuba angadli, unokuba uvutha iikhalori ezininzi uzama ukugqiba ibhotile kunokuba umntwana wakho ufumana ubisi. Khumbula, ukondla kubhekwa ukuba yi-amava amava, kwaye ubeka isigaba sokutya kwexesha lomntwana wakho.
Ukutya kuyinkqubo, kwaye kuthatha ixesha. Yona nto ibalulekileyo. Cinga nje ngokuhamba. Unokubamba isandla somntwana wakho, uthenge amathoyizi amancinci kwaye ulungele umntwana wakho ukuba athathe amanyathelo akhe okuqala, kodwa ade ade ukuphuhliswa kakuhle, abayi kuyenza. Kuyafana nokusondeza umntwana osanda kuzalwa. Kuxesha labo. Xa umntwana wakho ulungele ukuphuhlisa, baya kukubonisa, kwaye uya kukwazi.
Iqela lezononophelo lolutsha lwakho liza kukunceda ngala mava okuqala okubaluleka. Baza kukubonisa ukuba yeyiphi indawo efanelekileyo yokubamba umntwana wakho, indlela yokubamba ibhotile kunye nokujonga ingxowa, nendlela yokwenza i-swaddle kwaye uyathuthuze umntwana wakho ukuze aphile amava anelungelo lokunceda.
Ukondla umntwana wakho kungaphezulu kokutya. Leli thuba lokuxhuma kunye nokukhusela umntwana wakho. Kufuneka kube ngamava ahle kunye namava. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimibandela yakho yokutya kwangaphambili kukunceda ufunde ukufunda nokuphendula ulwimi oluthethiweyo nolwimi lwakho olukhethekileyo.
Ukubandakanyeka ngokunyanisekileyo kwondlo lomntanakho akuyikukwenza ukuba uzive ukhululekile kwaye unentembelo, kodwa uya kuvumela ithuba elihle kumntwana wakho njengoko befumana ihlabathi labo ngokutya, ukuthinteka, ukuvumba, ukubona kunye nesandi.
Ukuphefumula, ukuswa kunye nokugwinya ngxeshanye kunomsebenzi onzima kubantwana bokuqala, usebenzisa iindawo ezininzi zokugcina amagesi. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana wakho ufuna ukuba ugxininise yonke ingqalelo kwimeko yokondla ukuze umntwana wakho akwazi ukugxila ekudleni ngaphandle kokongeza iziphazamiso ezingathi ziphazamise okanye zitshise umntwana wakho. Ukuthetha, ukucula, okanye ukugubungela umntwana wakho ngelixa ukutya kungaphepheka kwaye kunokubangela ukuba umntwana wakho avaliwe ekudeni. Ingane yakho ingasuka okanye ikhuphe i-ingi, i-gag, iphambanise, ifuthe, okanye ilale. Yeka ukondla umntwana wakho ukuba akubonise le ngongoma yokuxininisa. Nika umntwana wakho ikhefu.
Ukukwazi ulwimi oluthile lolwimi kunye nezibonakaliso akusayi kukukunceda uzive ukhululekile kwaye uthembele kodwa uza kunceda umntwana wakho uphumelele ngokutya.
Ukondla iindleko zibalulekile, kodwa kubaluleke ngakumbi ukugcina amava anesimo esihle, uqhubela phambili phambili ekujoliswe kuyo kwinqanaba lakho umntwana ukhululekile. Ubeka isigaba kwimikhwa yokutya yengane yakho kwikamva. Khumbula ukuba ukutya kufuneka kukuvuyise umntwana wakho.
Izinto onokukwazi ukuzenza ngentsana yakho ukudala amava okuzonwabisa kunye nokuzonwabisa:
- Gcina umntwana wakho ngethuba lokutya, kunye nokutya kwe-tube.
- Nika umntwana wakho i-pacifier. Oku kuya kunceda umntwana wakho osondeza ngokusondeza ngokutya.
- Imvakalelo enhle emlonyeni ngokutya kunye noncedo lwakho nosana oludibanisa kunye nokutya kunye nokwethemba.
- Vumela umntwana wakho ahombe kwaye abone ubisi lwakho. Beka umgca omncinci kwi-pacifier okanye ubeke iingubo kunye nephunga lakho kwisitulo somntwana wakho.
- Qinisekisa ukuba usethe isigaba sokufumana ithuba lokufumana umntwana osondelene kakuhle. Unokwenza oku ngokuthi ube nebala elincinci, elithulekileyo. Ukunciphisa eli xesha lokusebenzisana ukuba wena kunye nosana lwakho kuncede umntwana wakho azive ekhululekile, enomxholo kwaye ehlelwe.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana ukutya okuyi-tube, ingaba yithuba elihle lokuba ube nolusu lolusu lolusu okanye ulondolozo lweKangaroo kunye nosana lwakho. Ukudibanisa iphunga lakho kunye nesandi senhliziyo yakho kunye nokutya kuyakunceda nokwakha isiseko sokufumana amava okondla.
Ukondla ubunzima
Iintsana ezinokuqala ezazalelwa ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-26, eziye zisefenini okanye inkxaso yokuphefumula ixesha elide kwaye zinezifo ezingapheliyo, okanye zineendlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zempilo, zinokuba nexesha elinzima ukunyusa ngomlomo . Izixhobo zonyango kunye nezinto ezifana nezipayipi zomoya, ukulandelwa, itayipi kunye neibhubhu ebusweni kunokudala amava omlomo ongeyantoni kubantwana abathile. Ngenxa yezi ngxaki zezokwelapha ezinye iintsana zinokuthi zithintele ukutya kwimbumba okanye zilungelelaniswe ngokutya kwazo. Ingane yakho inokusebenza kunye nodokotela wengxoxo ngokusebenzisa uhambo lokutya ukuze uncede ukudala amava amnandi kwaye uncede umntwana wakho aphumelele le nto ibalulekileyo.
Imithombo:
Ukufunyanwa kwi-http: //www.pediatrix.com/workfiles/medicalaffairs/C1_Caring%20for%20your%20baby_feeding.pdf
Ukutya kunye Nondlo: IiNkonzo zezeMpilo zeMeriiter. (nd). Ukufunyanwa kwi-http: //www.meriter.com/services/newborn-inten-care-care-unit/common-neonatal-problems/feeding-and- nutrition
Inkqubo yeMpilo ye-Rockford - Isikhokelo somzali kwi-NICU - Ukutya nokuNondla. (nd). Kubuyiselwa kwi-http: //www.rockfordhealthsystem.org/nicu-parents-guide-feeding-nutrition
I-SPIN (Ukuxhasa iSondlo seNtsana yaseNtshonalanga), i-NICU, iintshaba, ukuncelisa, ukupompa, i-UC iSan Diego yeNkqubo yezoLimo. (nd). Kubuyiselwa kwi-http: //health.ucsd.edu/specialties/obgyn/maternity/newborn/nicu/spin/Pages/default.aspx